¡@¡@The twenty-first century is the globalized competition age. In accommodation to rapid change of the competitive industrial environment, the application of information technology becomes the major factor for enterprise to survive. The crucial agenda related to information management which is highly emphasized by enterprises varies. This report collects key subjects about information management in Taiwan and other countries from 1982 to 2007 in order to discuss and discover the changes of crucial agenda for the pass 25 years. With supplemental theoretic documents and practical operation condition, we conclude the major ten critical topics in Taiwan information management based on taking surveys and doing interviews. Those top five are ¡§Information security¡¨, ¡¨Using information systems for operation¡¨, ¡§Using information systems for competitive advantage¡¨, ¡§Integrating information in systems¡¨ ¡§Communication with department of end-user¡¨. This report also reveals differences between the analyses result of crucial agenda from diversity factor. ¡@¡@There are few published documents related to researches on Taiwan crucial agenda for the past 25 years. Some of them are always paid more attention by enterprise, like ¡§Using information systems for competitive advantage¡¨, ¡¨Communication with department of end-user¡¨ and ¡§Promoting effective use of the data resource¡¨ while some of them, ¡§Using information systems for operation of bussiness¡¨, for example, are taken highly of gradually. Furthermore, compared to other countries, US is the most similar country to Taiwan regarding to crucial agenda, but they still have slight differences.

This thesis reports on a small scale qualitative research project located in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The objective of the research was to understand how lesbian teachers disrupt heteronormativity in early childhood settings. The literature was reviewed nationally and internationally. It argues that heteronormativity is the main barrier preventing teachers speaking about lesbian and gay issues. Heteronormativity is a discourse that works to maintain heterosexual hegemony. As a result of this dominance, acceptance of lesbian and gay issues is still a contentious issue within Aotearoa/New Zealand early childhood settings. This study provided an opportunity for heteronormativity to be viewed solely from a lesbian teacher’s paradigm. My intention was to also examine the strategies that participants used to challenge heteronormative dominance. Participants negotiated risks to ensure that both children and adults were aware of the hegemonic view point enforced by heteronormativity. A feminist post-structuralist and queer theory paradigm was used to frame the analytical approach.

Considering planning and development of supervised consumption sites in an urban setting will enrich future processes in communities that are interested in implementing their own sites. This project brings an experiential knowledge component and promotes a qualitative understanding of addiction. Uncovering the potential roles of planners and policymakers in planning and developing supervised consumption sites is the overarching goal. Drawing on precedents and utilizing interview methodologies, knowledge was shared about the various challenges and opportunities in developing the sites. The interviews were summarized into constructions, or my interpretation of what I heard; then they were distilled into key themes that should be considered for future planning. The theme of supervised consumption sites as part of a larger network emphasizes the chances for planners to get involved, and to generate new knowledge with communities. The project concludes with the implications for theory and practice in the planning profession and a list of lessons learned for interested individuals, neighbourhoods and different levels of government.

Considering planning and development of supervised consumption sites in an urban setting will enrich future processes in communities that are interested in implementing their own sites. This project brings an experiential knowledge component and promotes a qualitative understanding of addiction. Uncovering the potential roles of planners and policymakers in planning and developing supervised consumption sites is the overarching goal. Drawing on precedents and utilizing interview methodologies, knowledge was shared about the various challenges and opportunities in developing the sites. The interviews were summarized into constructions, or my interpretation of what I heard; then they were distilled into key themes that should be considered for future planning. The theme of supervised consumption sites as part of a larger network emphasizes the chances for planners to get involved, and to generate new knowledge with communities. The project concludes with the implications for theory and practice in the planning profession and a list of lessons learned for interested individuals, neighbourhoods and different levels of government.

A trauma frequency analysis was undertaken on a skeletal sample (n = 75) from the skeletal collections of the medieval Augustinian Priory of St. Mary Merton and the post-medieval lower cemetery of St. Bride’s Church. Fourty-four individuals exhibited trauma on one or more cranial elements. Cranial bones were arranged in different groupings for analysis: inclusive samples of 100% complete, at least 75% complete, at least 25% complete, entire sample; and independent samples of 100% complete, 75 - <100% complete, 25 - <75% complete, and <25% complete. Crania were categorized as 100% complete and incomplete. Four frequencies were calculated (frequency of lesions, of individuals with lesions, of individuals with multiple lesions, and the number of lesions per injured individuals) for each category and cranial element. The results illustrate a general trend towards a decrease in frequency as more fragmentary material is included, illustrating that including the more fragmentary material may bias the results towards underestimating trauma frequencies. However, Fisher’s exact tests do not show statistically significant differences between frequencies in the independent samples analysis, except for individuals with lesions on the right nasal bone. Further research into the effect of fragmentation and poor preservation in skeletal research, cranial trauma research in particular, is required. / Graduate

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Many applied academics, within and outside anthropology, have called for the incorporation of cultural knowledge in public policy and decision-making, and for the “bridging” of knowledge systems in knowledge coproduction. Yet critiques of the academic treatment of cultural knowledge have indicated that research has focused on the content not the epistemologies of cultural knowledge systems. To what extent does the social science literature characterize knowledge systems as systems? Does the literature on cultural knowledge systems provide us with tools for translating cultural knowledge? Conclusions derived from this thesis research (a grounded theory approach to an academic literature sample) indicate that substantial work has been done to characterize cultural knowledge epistemologies. However, language used to describe knowledge systems is inconsistent, and analyses of social structures are patchily developed. In an effort to synthesize the literature, I have compiled the best practices and methods used by academics in hopes of influencing future cultural knowledge systems research.

The Mycenaean cemetery at Kallithea Laganidia is the first comprehensive study of a cemetery sample from the periphery of the Mycenaean world. Previous studies have focused primarily on remains from palace centers. Even though it is known that the Mycenaeans populated Achaea , very little is known about this more rural population. Archaeologically and bioarchaeologically the region of Achaea has been neglected by formal and organized research, and as a result almost nothing is known about the population. This project has three aims. First, to provide new demographic data about sex, age, health, and the culture of these Mycenaeans. Secondly, via osteological analysis, to examine the hypothesis that the social stratification indicated by the associated grave goods in the tombs is reflected in the spatial orientation of each tomb and the health status of the individuals buried in the graves. Finally, to address the issue of “orphaned” archaeological collections, excavated in rescue operations, which then languish in storage for years or decades. The Kallithea Laganidia cemetery was in use from LHIIIA to LHIIIC and consists of one tholos and 23 chamber tombs. The tholos is a monumental high status tomb, and was in use both before and after the construction and use of the chamber tombs. Five of the chamber tombs were selected as a representative sample of the cemetery for this thesis. The tombs contained both men and women, and adults and children were represented among the tombs, indicating that they should provide a reasonable cross section of the population that buried their dead at Kallithea Laganidia. This osteological data showed and confirmed that the status differences seen in the grave goods from the tombs are also reflected in the tombs according to spatial distribution. The varying quality of burial offerings among the tombs of Kallithea Laganidia suggest that the tombs closer to the tholos contain burials of the socially elite, and the tombs farther away from the tholos contain burials of lower social classes. The pathology data collected, and more specifically the dental pathology data, do reflect social stratification among the sample’s five tombs, particularly when looking at antemortem tooth loss and severe dental wear. In addition, there are indications of status or behaviour differences between the sexes. Kallithean women seem to have been exposed to infection during life more often than men. Women have higher rates of infectious disease, and indications of more antemortem cranial trauma than men. Also, the presence of men, women, and children among secondary burials within these tombs suggested that there is a familial or linear tie within each tomb. The Kallithea Laganidia cemetery has the potential to yield new and informative data about the Achaean Mycenaean population. From this small sampling of 38 burials from five tombs, already the demography and paleopathology of this peripheral group is beginning to be deciphered.

How do people cope when they feel uninformed or unable to understand important social issues, such as the environment, energy concerns, or the economy? One would intuitively expect that a lack of knowledge would motivate an increased, unbiased search for information, thereby facilitating participation and engagement in these issues – especially when they are consequential, pressing, and self-relevant. However, there appears to be a discrepancy between the importance/self-relevance of social issues and people’s willingness to engage with and learn about them. Drawing from the literature on System Justification Theory (Jost & Banaji, 1994), I hypothesized that, rather than motivating an increased search for information, a lack of knowledge about a specific socio-political issue will (a) foster feelings of dependence on the government, which will (b) increase system justification and government trust, which will (c) increase desires to avoid learning about the relevant issue when information is negative or when information valence is unknown. In other words, I suggest that ignorance – as a function of the system justifying tendencies it may activate – may, ironically, breed more ignorance. The rational for these predictions is discussed in Chapter 1. Then, in the contexts of energy, environmental, and economic issues, I present seven studies that: (a) provide evidence for this specific psychological chain (i.e., ignorance about an issue → dependence → government trust → avoidance of information about that issue); (b) shed light on the role of threat and motivation in driving the second and third links in this chain; and (c) illustrate the unfortunate consequences of this process for individual action in those contexts that may need it most.