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I dagens läroplan för grundskolan (Lgr 11) finns syftesbeskrivningar för de naturOrienterande (NO) ämnena som säger att eleverna ska utveckla kunskaper och redskap för att formulera och granska information och andras argument samt ta ställning i frågor som rör ämnen med naturvetenskapligt innehåll. Detta är formuleringar som speglar det man i dag anser att NO-undervisningen ska ge de elever som går ut grundskolan. I det här arbetet har elever i slutet av högstadiet fått argumentera kring användandet av genmodifierade grödor (Genetically Modified Organism, GMO). Detta är ett exempel på så kallade Samhällsfrågor med Naturvetenskapligt Innehåll (SNI) och den här typen av samhällsfrågor har lyfts fram som ett sätt att arbeta med de formuleringar som nu finns i läroplanen. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka högstadieelevers användning av argument i en naturvetenskapligt grundad diskussion och hur användningen av SNI i undervisningen kan hjälpa elever att utveckla sin argumentationsteknik och sitt intresse för naturvetenskap. Elevernas argumentation kring frågan om GMO har analyserats utifrån en analysmodell som är utvecklad för granskning av argumentation om SNI. Den här studien har funnit att användandet av SNI fungerar väl för att testa delar av läroplanens kunskapskrav men att det kräver noga förberedelser och att övningarna är väl uppbyggda.

<p> Environmental quality has become an important political and social issue in recent years. This paper focuses on community attitudes toward the natural environment and their role in engendering conflict over such issues. It is argued that environmental conflict originates from variations in environmental attitudes and philosophies. A conceptual model of environmental conflict is developed. The model includes five fundamental elements. These are: (i) community evaluations of environmentally disruptive actions, (ii) individual and group strategies adopted in light of these evaluations, (iii) reactions of official agencies (public or private) to community involvement, (iv) resultant outcomes and (v) the effect of these outcomes on subsequent issues. As an empirical example of environmental conflict, the proposal to build an expressway through the Red Hill Creek Valley is used to assess the validity of the model. The findings indicate that attitudinal and conflict perspectives have much to offer concerning the analysis of environmental issues.</p> / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Brain development in children has always been fascinating to me; it was the reason I chose to major in Early Childhood Education. I have often wondered how the expectations and behavior of parents and teachers affect young children academically. Specifically, how do early gender messages from adults, peers, and the popular media have a powerful impact on the development of young brains? The professional responsibility of all educators is to help every child reach their full potential. This thesis explored the potential impact early childhood educators have in developing and reinforcing stereotypes that can affect children academically by surveying teachers about their own backgrounds, thoughts and feelings about their male and female students. Confirming my belief that most teachers had similar backgrounds I was able to find that among the 59 respondents surveyed; 98% were female, 81% attended mixed gender public schools, 85% grew up in a two-parent home and 90% had a father working full-time outside of the home. While looking for similarities in descriptive language I was able to find that given a choice of 14 words from a word bank teachers used the same terms over and over to describe their male and female students. Teachers chose words that described physical characteristics when recalling their male students and chose emotional words when they were asked to describe their female students. When teachers were asked to recall which students they believed to be the most challenging in their classrooms and to identify the gender of these students, they identified male students three times more than their female students. I was left wondering if the mostly female teachers who all shared similar backgrounds were transferring unconscious bias onto their students. Why was the descriptive language they used so similar? Why were males students identified as challenging so much more than female students?

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This project is designed to provide a teachable curriculum along with supporting materials for the OAC Geography - World Issues course, as it is taught at present in the academic stream of Ontario's secondary schools. Discussion of guideline requirements and disciplinary matters are also included. The topic is the infectious disease Acquired Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). / Thesis / Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT)

This paper seeks to examine the underlying factors that will influence international security in the coming decades. In contrast to the Cold War era, it will be argued that two fundamental issues will largely determine the evolution of conflict - the widening socio-economic polarisation and problems of environmental constraints. Taken together with the proliferation of military technologies, the paper argues that attempts to maintain the present world order in the interests of a minority elite are unlikely to succeed and will, instead, enhance the risks of conflict. A radical re-thinking of western perceptions of security is necessary that will embrace a willingness to address the core causes of insecurity at their roots.

In this thesis we have focused in the wireless environment and how to run voice application over it. Conducive environment that makes it possible for the voice services to run in wireless is necessary. As we know this well that wireless is a contemporary technology due to it low cost and its effectiveness, and one major advantage of it is the mobility that is one fell free to move anywhere but have the access to the resource. So this makes wireless networks of great value, we in this thesis have focused on wireless LAN’s. In second part of the thesis we have shed some light on the VoIP showing how it works in the wireless environment. Analysis phase is relatively more important phase then the previous section which shows issues or hindrances in carrying voice over wireless environment. This analysis shows that these issues still prevails and should be addresses and the corresponding results are also discussed and by looking at those results we have derived a summery out of it. Next chapter we firstly tried to explain why we have chosen specific protocols and then showing some graphical representation measurements that are to address the problem based on the work done. We tried to evaluate EDCF and DCF as these play important role in handling real time applications like voice. After that we proposed a scheme through which these effects can be minimized and to enhance the method is necessary to avoid the issues still in effect. / Thesis is Part for Master program in Electrical Engineering with Emphasis on Telecommunication(2007-2009).We have had a very nice time doing this thesis as there was alot of learning. Our examinator was allways there to help us, we are thankfull to Richard for his endless support.