This diploma thesis is dedicated to the future development of nuclear energy in the EU area and its incorporation into the current EU energy policy. The work also focuses on a detailed examination of EU energy policy in terms of energy security of the Member States and throughout the text deals with the role of nuclear power as a determining factor of energy security. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical part (Chapter one) and research part (Chapter two and three). The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to current theoretical approaches to the issue of energy security. The issues of energy security are then examined in the final part of this chapter in terms of integration into the all-embracing EU energy policy. The second chapter provides an analysis of the current energy situation in the European Union as a whole and in individual Member States. All findings are applied with emphasis on the status of nuclear energy in the energy mix. The final chapter summarizes current nuclear energy trends in the EU. In addition, analysis of the opinion polls and government interventions in the field of nuclear energy are provided.

Nuclear law in the Czech Republic Abstract Nuclear law can be defined as a set of legal rules designed to regulate legal or natural persons engaged in activities related to fissile materials, ionizing radiation, and radiation from natural sources of radiation, with the aim of ensuring the protection of persons, property, and the environment. The topic of the thesis Nuclear law in the Czech Republic is the legal regulation of peaceful use of nuclear energy and ionizing radiation in the context of Czech legislation within the framework of public law, including its links and connections to the legal regulation of this issue at the international (European, global) level. After a brief introduction of nuclear law and its basic terminology, the thesis presents in a comprehensive summary the legal regulation at the international, European and national level, together with the legal principles that are manifested within the legal norms of nuclear law. Within the framework of the Czech legal framework, the main focus is on Act No. 263/2016 Coll., the Atomic Act, and its relation to individual areas of nuclear law. In terms of institutional arrangements for the administration of the use of nuclear energy in the Czech Republic, the institutions with significant competencies within the framework of nuclear law are...

The aim of this diploma work has been to work up a first study dealing with possibilities of enlargement of Slavětice substation with the new sources of Dukovany power-plant (EDU). In this work I am mentioning the linking of 400 kV Slavětice substation into the electricity system in Czech Republic and its coupling into the west-European UCTE system and I am also itemizing the basic data of neighbouring substations. Further I am describing the current state of 400 kV and 110 kV substations in Slavětice, their parameters and scheme. In this work I am mentioning basic information of nuclear reactor piles, coming into consideration for the prospective new pile construction in the premises of Dukovany substation and also reflections about possibilities of bringing out power of this new pile. In the following part of my diploma work there are stated proposals of different versions for enlarging the Slavětice 400 kV substation by a new outlet of new EDU source and the eventual overhead-line construction. I am mentioning the necessary substation arrangements for each proposed version, the scheme, eventually the proposal how to lay-out the new lines. Further there is stated here a proposal of outgoing feeder switchgear accessories for the new EDU pile and also the proposal for an entirely new substation, its description and scheme. An evaluation of all proposed versions of Slavětice substation enlargement for connecting new nuclear piles is stated in the outcome of the work.

This thesis' objective is to analyse local environmental impact of NPP. For impact determination, it is necessary to monitor the locality for a long period. For biomonitoring method, gamma-spectrometers might be used. It should be calibrated before the measurement. Within the thesis investigation, spectrometer of the faculty was calibrated in the laboratory of ionizing radiation and three samples of Czech nuclear facilities outlet were analysed.

This diploma thesis deals with a pressure suppression system containment during the loss of coolant accidents. It is focused on the containment systems of the nuclear power plants with VVER-440/V-213 reactors. There is described the process of loss of coolant accident. There was designed input model which consists of the zones representing the areas which are connected with junctions and heat structures. Were then selected input parameters for the model calculations. And finally, there have been several calculations for the selected parameters.

This thesis deals with the determination of 14C activity in liquid discharges from the Czech nuclear power plants and with the estimation of their radiological impacts on the vicinity of nuclear power plants. This work summarizes the issue of 14C liquid discharges of several nuclear power plants in the world and Czech nuclear power plants are compared to them. The sewage routs of liquid discharges from control tanks to waste water station are described in this thesis for both power plants - Dukovany and Temelín. Measured values of the 14C activity in liquid discharges from nuclear power plants Temelín and Dukovany are presented in this work. The procedure for calculating the exposure of representative persons as a result of liquid discharge of 14C activity is described in this thesis. The resulting values of annual commited effective dose for each age category of representative persons are presented in this work.

Title: NMR Study of Oligonucleotide Structures Author: Václav Římal Department: Department of Low-Temperature Physics Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Helena Štěpánková, CSc., Department of Low- Temperature Physics Abstract: The dynamics of nucleic acids plays a fundamental role in the interactions with proteins. Some processes are governed by changes in DNA stability and flexibility caused by sequence alterations or chemical modifications without substantial structural impact. We employed line-shape analysis of variable-temperature 1H NMR spectra to deeply investigate the melting transition of DNA structures. We observed a significant influence of the sequence beyond the nearest neighbours on chemical shifts and thermodynamics of the double helix. The CpG motif is especially sensitive to its distant surroundings and for a particular oligonucleotide it was even found to undergo an unexpected local conformational transition. A strong cooperativity in the duplex dis- ruption was witnessed by both the equilibrium and kinetic aspects as well as by distant effects of cytosine methylation. We propose a two-state melt- ing scheme also for a fragment of a transcription element proved here to fold as a hairpin with a six-membered loop. In addition, we describe the properties of self-assemblies of riboguanosine and...

Meiotic division of a female germ cell, an oocyte, is more prone to segregation errors and consequently to aneuploidies than meiosis of a sperm. Aneuploidies and chromosomal aberrations in oocytes increase with higher maternal age in humans and also in mice. Meiotic maturation onset is connected with activity of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) that leads to dissociation of nuclear membrane. Moreover regulation of translation of key transcripts is necessary for proper meiotic progression. In thesis findings from four scientific publications are interpreted. We have analyzed the timing of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) and polar body extrusion in mouse oocytes originating from two distinct female age groups: young (2 months old) and aged (12 months old). We found that meiotic maturation happens faster in aged females' oocytes due to early phosphorylation of Lamin A/C, a component of nuclear lamina, and rapid dissociation of nuclear membrane. Moreover aged females' oocytes presented unique characteristic invaginations of nuclear membrane and thus significantly increased circumference of the nuclear envelope compared to the oocytes from young females. These data combined with increased activity of CDK1 and Cyclin B, as well as increased translation of factors that regulate the translation itself,...

Title: Development and application of methods for measurement of magnetic field on tokamaks Author: Ing. Karel Kovařík Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i. Supervisor: Ing. Ivan Duran, PhD. (Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i.) Abstract: Thesis describes two parts of my work in frame of magnetic confined fusion research. First part describes irradiation testing of the Hall sensors based on InSb semiconductor. It evaluates radiation effects of fast and thermal neutrons on the Hall sensors sensitivity. Tests indicate low level of changes for fluence lower only by order of magnitude than expected in the whole lifetime of ITER tokamak. Second part describes measurement of turbulent plasma structures parameters in scrape--off layer of the COMPASS tokamak, particularly the parallel electric current flowing along them. Design of novel combined probe allowing measurement of not only electrostatic parameters but also the parallel electric current is presented. Evaluation of parallel electric current is discussed and compared with experiment. Statistical analysis of the plasma structures is presented. Empirical formulas of the...

"Representation of nuclear energy in media in the period before and after the accident in Fukushima" This master's thesis examines media representation of nuclear energy within one year before and one year after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster. The sample of news was selected from the print edition of the two main Czech dailies - MF Dnes and Právo. The method used in the thesis is content analysis. In the first part, some of the main theories of media studies (agenda setting, stereotypes, framing, and moral panic) and mechanisms which single news are constructed by (news values, access to news, primary defining, and gatekeeping) are introduced. In the second part, shift in both the focus of the media on the issue of nuclear energy and utilizing of the selected mechanisms of construction of the news is examined. In conclusion, the thesis identifies how the representation of the nuclear energy is constructed in the above said dailies over the period given before and after the Fukushima nuclear disaster.