The purpose of the study was to psychometrically evaluate the Revised Janis and Field Scale using the rasch model. The model is a measurement model often used to develop and improving composite measures. Quantitative content analysis was also used in the study. After the two analyses were conducted the problematic items were examined, where an interpretative perspective was applied to try to explain why some questions didn’t seem to work as intended. The other purpose of the study was to examine if emotional and cognitive components need to be treated as separate variables when studying self-esteem. The data collection was administrated at Karlstad University in April of 2014. In total 225 respondents participated in the survey, of whom 140 were women and 85 were men. Based on the rasch model, the instrument did not seem to measure self-esteem in an acceptable manner. There were also major problems with the content of the questions and how they were structured. It is concluded that the instrument should not be used for research purposes. Based on the analyses it was not possible to determine if it’s necessary to distinguish between emotional and cognitive components of self-esteem. It requires more analysis, based on more reliable instruments in the future. / Syftet med studien var att utvärdera mätinstrumentet Revised Janis and Field Scale med hjälp av psykometriska analyser baserat på raschmodellen. Raschmodellen är en mätmodell som används inom olika discipliner vid utveckling och granskning av mätinstrument. Därutöver genomfördes här även en kvantitativ innehållsanalys. När de två analyserna var genomförda granskades problematiska frågor, där ett tolkningsperspektiv anlades för att försöka förklara varför vissa frågor inte verkade fungera som avsett. Avsikten med studien var även att undersöka om emotionella och kognitiva beståndsdelar bör hanteras som separata variabler. Datainsamlingen ägde rum vid Karlstads universitet under april månad 2014. Totalt deltog 225 respondenter i undersökningen, 140 kvinnor respektive 85 män. Baserat på raschanalysen verkar inte instrumentet mäta självkänsla på ett godtagbart sätt. Därutöver finns problem med de ämnen som frågorna behandlar och hur frågorna samt svarsalternativen är formulerade. Bedömningen gjordes baserat på analyserna att instrumentet inte bör användas i vetenskapliga sammanhang. Avslutningsvis var det inte möjligt att bekräfta om det är nödvändigt att särskilja mellan emotionella och kognitiva beståndsdelar ur självkänslan utifrån de analyser som genomförts här. Det krävs att fler analyser genomförs i framtiden och att dessa bygger på mer stabila mätinstrument för att uppnå det syftet. / Self-esteem, The Self, Revised Janis and Field Scale, Rasch analysis

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka sociometerteorins sociologiska relevans, förenlighet med flerdimensionella och hierarkiska modeller av självbild samt mätinstrumentet Revised Janis and Field Scales mätegenskaper. En enkät administrerades till 225 studenter vid Karlstads universitet, varav 140 respondenter var kvinnor och 85 var män. Resultatet visar att principiell komponentanalys i huvudsak replikerar valideringsstudien från 1984 medan Raschanalys visar att mätinstrumentet har stora och allvarliga problem och behöver revideras innan användning eller kasseras. Vidare är den modell över självbilden som mätinstrumentet är avsett att fånga föråldrad och inaktuell. Resultatet visar även att sociometerteorin kan relateras till symbolisk interaktionism och därmed har en sociologisk relevans men att förenligheten med modeller över självbilden är begränsad till huruvida teorin kan anses beskriva mekanismen bakom den sociala självbilden. Diskussionen avhandlar självkänslans självuppfyllande profetia, att självhjälpsindustrin, media och allmänhet etiketterar företeelser som och tillskriver begreppet betydelse och relevans varpå det beforskas vidare trots att forskningsfältet verkar befinna sig i ett degenerativt tillstånd. Vidare diskuteras att självkänsla och självbild ej är utbytbara begrepp eftersom det senare begreppet har prediktiv validitet (dvs. har visats förutsäga andra utfall). Slutligen ges ett förslag att antingen rikta fokus mot att studera självmedkänsla, socialt stöd, socialt kapital, självbild och subjektivt välmående istället för det för närvarande fruktlösa självkänslabegreppet, eller att utveckla begreppet teoretiskt innan fler kvantitativa studier utförs. Ytterligare slutsatser och implikationer av uppsatsen diskuteras. / The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the sociometer theory’s sociological relevance, compatibility with multidimensional and hierarchical models of the self-concept and the measurement instrument Revised Janis and Field Scales measurement properties. A questionnaire was administered to 225 students at Karlstad University, of whom 140 respondents were female and 85 were male. The results shows that the principal components analysis in general replicates the validation study from 1984 while Rasch analysis demonstrates that the measurement instrument have major and severe problems and needs to be revised before use or discarded. Furthermore, the model of self-concept that the measurement instrument is intended to capture is outdated and obsolete. The results also shows that the sociometer theory can be related to symbolic interactionism and thus have a sociological relevance but that the compatibility with models of the self-concept is limited to whether the theory can be regarded as describing the mechanism behind the social self-concept. The discussion treats a self-fulfilling prophecy of self-esteem, that the self-help industry, media and public label phenomena as and ascribes the concept meaning and relevance whereon it is further researched despite that the research field seems to be in a degenerative state. Furthermore, self-esteem and self-concept are not interchangeable concepts since the latter concept has predictive validity (i.e. has been shown to predict other outcomes). Finally, a proposition is made to either direct focus at researching self-compassion, social support, social capital, self-concept and subjective well-being instead of the currently fruitless self-esteem concept, or to develop the concept theoretically before conducting more quantitative studies. Further conclusions and implications of the thesis are discussed.

La solution des équations d'Einstein–Maxwell décrivant le trou noir le plus général a été découverte par Plebański et Demiański en 1976. Cette thèse accomplit plusieurs étapes en vue d'intégrer une généralisation de cette solution en supergravité jaugée N = 2. Le contenu bosonique de cette dernière comprend la métrique assortie de champs de jauge et de deux types de champs scalaires (appelés scalaires-vecteurs et hyperscalaires); cela implique qu'il est beaucoup plus compliqué de trouver une solution générale et l'on doit se restreindre à des classes particulières de solutions ou bien utiliser des algorithmes pour générer des solutions.Dans la première partie de cette thèse nous approchons ce problème grâce à la première stratégie en nous restreignant aux solutions BPS.Dans un premier temps nous étudions les jaugeages abéliens qui impliquent les hyperscalaires afin de comprendre quelles sont les conditions nécessaires pour obtenir des vides N = 2 adS4 ainsi que des géométries de proche-horizon associées à des trous noirs statiques.Par la suite nous décrivons une solution générale et analytique pour des trous noirs (extrémaux) 1/4-BPS qui possèdent une masse, une charge de NUT, des charges dyoniques et des champs scalaires non-triviaux dans le contexte de la supergravité N = 2 jaugée à la Fayet–Iliopoulos.Dans la seconde partie nous obtenons une extension de l'algorithme de Janis-Newman afin de prendre en compte tous les champs bosoniques de spin inférieur à 2, les horizons topologiques et le cas des autres dimensions.Ainsi cela met à disposition tous les outils nécessaires pour appliquer cet algorithme à la supergravité (jaugée ou non). / The most general black hole solution of Einstein–Maxwell theory has been discovered by Plebański and Demiański in 1976.This thesis provides several steps towards generalizing this solution by embedding it into N = 2 gauged supergravity.The (bosonic fields of the) latter consists in the metric together with gauge fields and two kinds of scalar fields (vector scalars and hyperscalars); as a consequence finding a general solution is involved and one needs to focus on specific subclasses of solutions or to rely on solution generating algorithms. In the first part of the thesis we approach the problem using the first strategy: we restrict our attention to BPS solutions, relying on a symplectic covariant formalism. First we study the possible Abelian gaugings involving the hyperscalars in order to understand which are the necessary conditions for obtaining N = 2 adS4 vacua and near-horizon geometries associated to the asymptotics of static black holes.A preliminary step is to obtain covariant expressions for the Killing vectors of symmetric special quaternionic-Kähler manifolds. Then we describe a general analytic solutions for 1/4-BPS (extremal) black holes with mass, NUT, dyonic charges and running scalars in N = 2 Fayet–Iliopoulos gauged supergravity with a symmetric very special Kähler manifold. In the second part we provide an extension of the Janis–Newman algorithm to all bosonic fields with spin less than 2, to topological horizons and to other dimensions. This provides all the necessary tools for applying this solution generating algorithm to (un)gauged supergravity, and interesting connections with the N = 2 supergravity theory are unravelled.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-138). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Janis is a residential drug treatment program for drug abusers between the ages of twelve and eighteen deigned to rehabilitate the participants. Five homes, each staffed by two trained residential coordinators and one student accommodate a total of thirty patients at a time. The treatment program consists of daily house meetings led by the residential coordinators, one group therapy session per week led by a psychiatric social worker, and individual therapy sessions with a psychiatrist as needed, as well as regular consultation with a psychologist and psychiatrist. The adolescents enrolled in the program are referred from a variety of agencies, including the Multnomah County Juvenile Court and Home, the Psychiatric Crisis Unit operated by the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center, and other out-patient treatment centers in Portland. Only those adolescents who are motivated to change their behavior are accepted into the Janis program.

The literature on analogical reasoning has established several main points of consensus, or rules about how the process works and what behaviors it produces. The first rule is that the process is employed almost universally. Second, its utilization is extremely prominent in novel situations, such as foreign policy decisions. These rules being established, it must be inferred that almost all foreign policy makers utilize analogical reasoning to some extent when faced with a unique situation. Another rule established is that once a person has defined a situation in terms of the analogy and developed an appropriate policy, he/she will rarely change his/her opinion. However, it has been well established by the groupthink theory that, when placed in a group setting, individuals can be dissuaded from their original assessments of the necessary responses to a situation. Thus it must be inferred that group processes, at least the groupthink syndrome, and analogical reasoning interact. Consequently, in order to fully understand a policy failure, which has been credited to groupthink, it is necessary to examine what cognitive processes led to both the original formulation and the adoption of the policy. Exactly how these processes interact remains unstudied. Although the literature reviewed in this study is not comprehensive on either subject, it covers the more authoritative and critically reviewed literature. Also, extensive efforts to find a similar argument to the one presented here offered few results. This implies that the correlation, if any, remains relatively understudied. Therefore, there is a need for the work at hand, in order to further understand how these prevalent cognitive processes have affected foreign policy decisions and the implications for the future.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In this study, Janis Edwards and Carol Winkler’s method, based on Michael McGee’s ideograph, is applied to non-discursive forms in order to understand the extent to which these images can be understood as a representative form functioning ideographically. Artifacts for analysis include the 2008 Shepard Fairey Obama “PROGRESS” and “HOPE” images, related campaign graphics, and parodies, political and non-political, humorous and serious. Literature on visual rhetoric, the ideograph, and extensions of McGee’s ideograph to visual forms was reviewed. When the method was applied to the artifacts, the Obama “HOPE” image was found to be an example of a representative form. Additionally, the representative form was demonstrated to function ideographically in the parodied examples analyzed in this thesis. Opportunities for further study on the visual ideograph and additional artifacts were proposed.

This dissertation explores the theme of drugs in Spanish, Colombian and Mexican cultural production. A first part of this investigation consists of establishing the historical contexts of these cultural products within their respective country. In a second part, I theorize about the space that characterizes the drug narratives. A third part consists of analyzing the important recurrent characters in these narratives and, based on this analysis, developing a descriptive catalogue of archetypes.

This dissertation explores the theme of drugs in Spanish, Colombian and Mexican cultural production. A first part of this investigation consists of establishing the historical contexts of these cultural products within their respective country. In a second part, I theorize about the space that characterizes the drug narratives. A third part consists of analyzing the important recurrent characters in these narratives and, based on this analysis, developing a descriptive catalogue of archetypes.

This dissertation explores the theme of drugs in Spanish, Colombian and Mexican cultural production. A first part of this investigation consists of establishing the historical contexts of these cultural products within their respective country. In a second part, I theorize about the space that characterizes the drug narratives. A third part consists of analyzing the important recurrent characters in these narratives and, based on this analysis, developing a descriptive catalogue of archetypes.