This essay analyzes Esther Greenwood’s identity crisis, mental illness, and recovery in Sylvia Plath’s novel The Bell Jar (1963) from a feminist psychoanalytic perspective. The purpose is to understand the cultural and psychological mechanisms behind the main character’s situation. Esther is a talented and hardworking student who dreams of a literary career in 1950’s America. At the age of nineteen, events and realizations launch Esther into an identity crisis that leads to severe depression. Why she falls ill, and the nature of her illness and recovery, are up for interpretation. The thesis of this essay is that Esther Greenwood’s identity crisis, mental illness, and recovery can be explained using a feminist interpretation of Freud’s theories of hysteria and melancholia, and the development of the differences between the sexes, which includes the Freudian concepts of castration, bisexuality, and the Oedipus complex.

Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar portrays the complexities of female identity and the pernicious outcomes of societal pressure on mental health. At its core, the novel presents an exploration of female anxiety and the ways in which societal expectations and gender norms contribute to the erosion of one's mental well-being. Through the lens of feminist psychoanalysis, this thesis will claim that the novel's recurring motifs of confinement and anxiety – including its central image of the bell jar – function not only as an expression of Esther's mental illness, but also as a social commentary. More specifically, it will argue that these motifs make visible how Esther's anxiety and depression are the result of the interplay between external pressure and internal struggles. Since the novel is often regarded as a roman à clef, this essay will furthermore argue that these motifs are the result of Sylvia Plath's unconscious.

The Wine Jars Speak: A text study. Reworked and translated from a Swedish MA thesis, Vinkärlsetiketterna berättar: En textstudie from 2008 in Egyptology, Uppsala University. This paper examines the texts written on shards from wine jars found at El-Amarna, Tutankhamun’s tomb (KV 62) and Deir el-Medina. Information concerning the administration of wine and its production, found in these texts, is examined. Wine was an important element in Egyptian society and a common iconographic motif in tombs at Thebes during New Kingdom. A survey on previous research on the subject is presented. This is followed by analysis of the different reoccurring elements found in the texts. A definition of the standard formulation of the wine jar label texts is given and the minimal level of information needed for the administration of wine production and distribution is identified.  The chapter of the analysis deals with the various types of information given in the label texts, such as date, wine classification, and function. The next chapter presents the words associated with the vineyard, the names of the institutions involved in the production and use of wine, and the place names that identify where wine production took place. The following chapter deals with the titles and personal names of the officials involved in wine production. This study shows that these small texts contribute to an understanding of wine production. They also display continuity in form that bridges the turbulence of the Amarna Period. The earlier examples of these texts do not have an ideological component. It is first with the Ramesside Period, and the more intrusive inclusion of the name of the King, that some ideological intent can be identified.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoMBE_DISSERT.pdf: 3011454 bytes, checksum: f02eedee61c0464777dbee026e3a93cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Eutrophication is a growing process present in the water sources located in the northeast of Brazil. Among the main consequences of these changes in trophic levels of a water source, stands out adding complexity to the treatment to achieve water standards. By these considerations, this study aimed to define, on a laboratory scale, products and operational conditions to be applied in the processing steps using raw water from Gargalheiras dam, RN, Brazil. The dam mentioned shows a high number of cyanobacteria, with a concentration of cells / ml higher than that established by Decree No. 518/04 MS. The same source was also considered by the state environmental agency in 2009 as hypereutrophic. The static tests developed in this research simulated direct filtration (laboratory filters) and pre-oxidation with chlorine and powdered activated carbon adsorption. The research included the evaluation of the coagulants aluminum hydrochloride (HCA) and alum (SA). The development of the research investigated the conditions for rapid mixing, the dosages of coagulants and pHs of coagulation by the drawing of diagrams. The interference of filtration rate and particle size of filtering means were evaluated as samples and the time of contact were tested with chlorine and activated carbon. By the results of the characterization of the raw water source it was possible to identify the presence of a high pH (7.34). The true color was significant (29 uH) in relation to the apparent color and turbidity (66 uH and 13.60 NTU), reflecting in the measurement of organic matter: MON (8.41 mg.L-1) and Abs254 (0.065 cm-1). The optimization of quick mix set time of 17", the speed gradient of 700 s-1 in the coagulation with HCA and the time of 20" with speed gradient of 800 s-1 for SA. The smaller particle sizes of sand filtering means helped the treatment and the variation in filtration rate did not affect significantly the efficiency of the process. The evaluation of the processing steps found adjustment in standard color and turbidity of the Decree n? 518/04 MS, taking in consideration the average values found in raw water. In the treatment using the HCA for direct filtration the palatable pattern based on the apparent color can be achieved with a dose of 25 mg L-1. With the addition of pre-oxidation step, the standard result was achieved with a reduced dose for 12 mgHCA.L-1. The turbidity standard for water was obtained by direct filtration when the dose exceeds 25 mg L-1 of HCA. With pre-oxidation step there is the possibility of reducing the dose to 20 mg L-1.The addition of CAP adsorption, promoted drinking water for both parameters, with even lower dosage, 13 mg L-1 of HCA. With coagulation using SA removal required for the parameter of apparent color it was achieved with pre-oxidation and 22 mgSA.L-1. Despite the satisfactory results of treatment with the alum, it was not possible to provide water with turbidity less than 1.00 NTU even with the use of all stages of treatment / A eutrofiza??o ? um processo cada vez mais presente nos mananciais situados no nordeste brasileiro. Entre as principais conseq??ncias destas altera??es nos n?veis tr?ficos da ?gua de um manancial destaca-se o acr?scimo de complexidade ao tratamento para potabiliza??o. Mediante a estas considera??es, este trabalho teve como objetivo definir, em escala de laborat?rio, produtos e condi??es operacionais a serem empregadas em etapas de tratamento utilizando ?gua bruta do a?ude Gargalheira, RN, Brasil. O a?ude em quest?o demonstra um n?mero de cianobact?rias elevado, apresentando uma concentra??o de c?lulas/ml superior aos n?veis estabelecidos pela Portaria MS n? 518/04. O mesmo, ainda foi considerado pelo ?rg?o ambiental do estado no ano de 2009 como hipereutr?fico. Os ensaios est?ticos desenvolvidos neste trabalho simularam filtra??o direta (filtros de laborat?rio), pr?oxida??o com cloro e adsor??o por carv?o ativado pulverizado. Foram avaliados os coagulantes hidr?xicloreto de alum?nio (HCA) e sulfato de alum?nio granulado (SA). O desenvolvimento da pesquisa buscou otimiza??o das condi??es de mistura r?pida, das dosagens de coagulantes e pHs de coagula??o com a constru??o de diagramas. As interfer?ncias da taxa de filtra??o e a granulometria do meio filtrante foram avaliadas e testaram-se dosagens e tempos de contato com cloro e com o carv?o ativado. Com os resultados da caracteriza??o da ?gua bruta foi poss?vel identificar no manancial a presen?a de um pH elevado (7,34). A cor verdadeira foi significativa (29 uH) em rela??o ? cor aparente e turbidez (66 uH e 13,60 uNT), refletindo-se nas medidas de mat?ria org?nica: MON (8,41 mg.L-1) e Abs254 (0,065 cm-1). A otimiza??o da mistura r?pida definiu o tempo de 17 , gradiente de velocidade de 700 s-1 na coagula??o com HCA e tempo de 20 , gradiente de velocidade de 800 s-1 para o SA. Granulometrias menores da areia do meio filtrante favoreceram o tratamento e a varia??o na taxa de filtra??o n?o interferiu de forma significativa na efici?ncia do processo. A avalia??o das etapas de tratamento verificou a adequa??o aos padr?es de cor aparente e turbidez da Portaria MS 518/2004 tomando como base os valores m?dios encontrados na ?gua bruta. No tratamento utilizando o HCA por filtra??o direta, a potabilidade para a cor aparente pode ser atingida com uma dosagem de 25 mg.L-1. Adicionando a etapa de pr?oxida??o o padr?o foi atingido com dosagem reduzida para 12 mgHCA.L-1. Para a turbidez a potabilidade foi obtida na filtra??o direta quando a dosagem supera 25 mg.L-1 de HCA. Com etapa de pr?oxida??o h? a possibilidade de redu??o da dosagem para 20 mg.L-1 de coagulante. O acr?scimo da adsor??o em CAP, promoveu a potabilidade para os dois par?metros, com dosagem ainda menor, 13 mg.L-1 de HCA. Coagulando com SA a remo??o necess?ria para o par?metro de cor aparente foi atingida com pr?oxida??o e dosagem de 22 mgSA.L-1. Apesar de apresentar bons resultados o tratamento com o sulfato de alum?nio n?o foi capaz de fornecer ?gua com turbidez menor que 1,00 uNT mesmo com a utiliza??o de todas as etapas de tratamento

This paper examines the texts written on shards from wine-jars found at El-Amarna, Tutankhamuns tomb (KV 62) and Deir el-Medina. Information concerning the administration of wine and its production, found in these texts, is examined. Wine was an important element in Egyptian society and a common iconographic motif in tombs at Thebes during New Kingdom. A survey on previous research on the subject is presented. This is followed by analysis of the different reoccurring elements found in the texts. A definition of the standard formulation of the wine jar label texts is given and the minimal level of information needed for the administration of wine production and distribution is identified.  The chapter of the analysis deals with the various types of information given in the label texts, such as date, wine classification, and function. The next chapter presents the words associated with the vineyard, the names of the institutions involved in the production and use of wine, and the place names that identify where wine production took place. The following chapter deals with the titles and personal names of the officials involved in wine production. This study shows that these small texts contribute to an understanding of wine production. They also display continuity in form that bridges the turbulence of the Amarna Period. The earlier examples of these texts do not have an ideological component. It is first with the Ramessid Period, and the more intrusive inclusion of the name of the King, that some ideological intent can be identified.

This diploma thesis deals with the effectiveness of separation technologies for water treatment. The first theoretical part mentions types of pollution that can be found in surface water. Furthermore, the interparticle interactions affecting the stability of colloidal dispersions are discussed. The following is a description of the principle, procedure, mechanisms of coagulation and factors influencing this process. The chapter dealing with types of water treatment is followed by a more detailed description of the individual separation technologies used in the water treatment plants. The important passage in the theoretical part is the description of materials and reagents used in laboratory experiments. The coagulants nanoiron and sodium water glass are characterized, as well as Bayoxide E33, CFH 0818, FILTRASORB 100 activated charcoal and DORSILIT silicate sand. The experimental part of the thesis analyses the jar test procedure. The flocculation tester intended for the jar test was used for laboratory coagulation using nanoiron and sodium water glass. The effectiveness of selected coagulants in the removal of turbidity from water during sedimentation of flakes produced in reaction vessels was investigated. In addition, the effectiveness of individual filtering materials in the removal of turbidity from water containing nanoiron/sodium water glass was investigated. In the end, the results of laboratory tests are compared and evaluated, including photos taken during experiments.

This master´s thesis deals with the possibilities of innovation process water treatment. Specifically, to explore the use of sodium water glass and nanoiron in removing heavy metals from raw water at the drinking water treatment. For the comparison was used traditionally used coagulant, particularly liquid aluminum sulfate. The introductory part deals with the possibility of modifying the surface water during the treatment process such water into potable water. This chapter is a description of the quality of raw water used, then the description of currently used separation processes. Furthermore, they are described and commonly used types of treatment plants. Conclusion The introductory section deals with traditional coagulants and form a suspension. Another part of this master´s thesis has been devoted to the possibilities of innovation in the treatment of raw waters as drinking water, describes the options and features of the use of water glass and nanoiron. The following section describes the experimental part of this thesis. It is followed by the experimental results. The last chapter summarizes the acquired knowledge and commented on the measured values of the experimental part. This work also shows several specific projects using innovative technologies presented.

Spanning forty years apart, the short story “Miss Sophia’s Diary” (1926) by Ding Ling and The Bell Jar (1963) by Sylvia Plath can speak to one another in revealing the position of women in a revolutionary new era. The two stories may be generationally and geographically distant, yet both hold a collective female consciousness in the context of the emerging modernist epoch. By examining these two pieces of literature in relation to one another, similar attitudes and stylistic trends emerge regarding the treatment of women. The common archetypes, for each respective time and country, imprinted onto women are at some points accepted but also rejected in these two female-focused stories. In disregarding many of the traits associated with the modern woman, Ling and Plath mold a unique feminine persona to capture the essence of what a true woman can and should be. Not only does the likeness of the works contribute in establishing a global feminist ideal, it is in the differences where cultural and generational attitudes can be investigated. What the pillar of feminism represented in early 1920s China differs significantly from 1950s United States of America. Though these differences can be signs of progression for woman’s rights, there are many of the same anxieties surrounding women that have lingered on for decades. This thesis will conduct a comparative study on how the “Miss Sophia’s Diary” and The Bell Jar posses the unique variations of the modern woman. Furthermore, with the use of a web-based corpus analysis program, this thesis sets out to probe selections from both works linguistically. Doing so will uphold a clearer image as to each texts’ word associations when discussing women and can further reveal how the construction of each female persona compares to one another. Overall, this thesis dismantles borders of both time and space to expose the true meaning behind the modern woman’s role in a largely demeaning and patriarchal world.

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 14 août 2023) / Ce mémoire en recherche-création conceptualise les espaces liminaux pour matérialiser la dépression à l'écran dans un effort d'adapter au cinéma The Bell Jar (1963) de Sylvia Plath, un roman semi-autobiographique dans lequel Plath fait la chronique de sa dépression pendant ses premières années à l'université. Le mémoire consiste en un essai qui explore comment les espaces liminaux peuvent être conceptualisés à l'écran pour matérialiser ce qu'on ressent physiquement et émotionnellement lorsqu'on est en dépression, ainsi qu'un « volet création » composé de cinq séquences et d'une scène d'un scénario adapté du roman The Bell Jar. La partie recherche est divisée en deux chapitres. Le premier présente la liminalité et les espaces liminaux tels qu'ils sont théorisés dans les Rites de passage (1909) d'Arnold van Gennep et offre un aperçu de la dépression dans The Bell Jar. Le deuxième chapitre présente trois approches originales pour conceptualiser les espaces liminaux afin qu'ils rendent la dépression plus accessible dans un format cinématographique. Nous expliquons ici la théorie qui sous-tend la matérialisation de la dépression à l'écran et décrivons comment elle se traduit à l'écran à l'aide d'extraits du roman. Le « volet création » du mémoire consiste en une partie d'un scénario : cinq séquences de scènes et une scène seule (scène 5) illustrant comment chaque théorie facilite la matérialisation de la dépression à l'écran. Ce « volet création » est imbriqué dans la partie recherche afin de mieux illustrer comment la théorie, le scénario et la cinématographie de la scène s'emboîtent. Le scénario illustre comment la conception théorique des espaces liminaux se traduirait dans un format filmique. Les deux scènes scénarisées pour chaque approche théorique sont ensuite analysées en fonction de la théorie présentée. Chaque section se focalise sur une approche théorique et explique comment elle informe l'esthétique de l'espace liminal dans les scènes ou séquences. Étant donné que l'objectif du mémoire est de conceptualiser les espaces liminaux, le scénario sera plus descriptif de ses éléments visuels à l'écran que riche de ses dialogues. Le mémoire cherche à présenter une approche plus nuancée de la représentation de la dépression à l'écran que ce que nous avons l'habitude de voir au cinéma. La dépression au cinéma est souvent explorée à des fins de narration, ou secondaire à l'enjeu principal (Side Effects, The Virgin Suicides, Little Miss Sunshine), ou fait partie d'une critique plus large sur des enjeux de société (Prozac Nation, Girl Interrupted). Certains de ces films traitant de la dépression présentent une esthétique et des techniques cinématographiques qui indiquent une volonté d'extérioriser les émotions complexes du personnage à l'écran sans avoir recours à des dispositifs linguistiques tels que la narration en voix off. Un objectif fisheye, « objectif photographique ayant une distance focale très courte et donc un angle de champ très grand » (Ang, Toute la photo, 150), est parfois utilisé pour matérialiser la tristesse, l'engourdissement, ou pour désorienter le spectateur. Ce mémoire s'éloigne de ces représentations de la dépression au cinéma et explore comment les espaces liminaux au cinéma peuvent matérialiser les émotions complexes et parfois incongrues qu'Esther éprouve dans The Bell Jar. Les scènes scénarisées dans la partie création brossent le portrait d'une maladie qui influence le processus cognitif et le rapport qu'à le personnage avec son environnement. Nous avons développé trois approches différentes pour conceptualiser les espaces liminaux à l'écran, chacune visant à élucider différentes facettes de la dépression d'Esther. Les deux premières explorent la désorientation, un symptôme moins préjudiciable, tandis que la troisième approche tente de matérialiser les idées suicidaires du personnage. Ce mémoire met en évidence la capacité du cinéma à transmettre des nuances sensorielles et émotionnelles, et s'ancre dans une conviction défendue par les études cinématographiques selon laquelle la représentation mène à la démocratisation, ce qui, dans le cadre de ce travail, équivaut à une meilleure compréhension de la dépression. / This mémoire en recherche-création conceptualizes liminal spaces to materialize depression on-screen through an adaptation of Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar (1963), a semi-autobiographical novel in which Plath chronicles her depression during her early college years. The thesis consists of an essay that explores how liminal spaces can be conceptualized on-screen to materialize depression on a physical and an emotional level, as well as a « volet création » consisting of five sequences and one scene of a screenplay adapted from the novel The Bell Jar. The essay is divided into two chapters. The first introduces liminality and liminal spaces as they are theorized in Arnold van Gennep's Rites of passage (1909) and provides an overview of depression in The Bell Jar. The second chapter presents three original approaches to conceptualizing liminal spaces so that they render depression more accessible through a cinematic format. In this chapter, I explain the theoretical basis behind materializing depression on-screen and then, I describe how it translates on-screen using excerpts from the novel. The creative section of the thesis consists of a partial screenplay: five sequences and one single scene (scene 5) illustrating how each theory can help materialize depression on-screen. This « volet création » is interwoven with the research section to better illustrate how the theory, screenplay, and cinematography of the scene fit together. The screenplay illustrates how the theoretical conception of liminal spaces would translate to a filmic format. The two scenes scripted for each theoretical approach are then analyzed in terms of the theory presented. Each section focuses on a theoretical approach and explains how it informs the aesthetics of the liminal space in the scenes or sequences. Given the thesis's objective in conceptualizing liminal spaces, the screenplay will be more descriptive of its on-screen visual elements than rich in dialogue. The thesis seeks to present a more nuanced approach to the representation of depression on-screen than what we are used to seeing in cinema. Depression in film is often explored for narrative purposes, or secondary to the main thematic (Side Effects, The Virgin Suicides, Little Miss Sunshine), or as part of a broader critique of social or political issues (Prozac Nation, Girl Interrupted). Some of these films that engage with depression display an aesthetic and cinematographic techniques that indicate a desire to exteriorize the character's complex feelings on-screen without resorting to linguistic devices such as voice-over narration. A fisheye lens, « an ultra-wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image » (Ang, Fundamentals of Modern Photography, 146), is sometimes used to materialize sadness, numbness, or to disorient the viewer. This thesis departs from such representations of depression in film and explores how liminal spaces in film can materialize the complex and sometimes incongruous emotions Esther experiences in The Bell Jar. The scenes in the « volet création » depict an illness that influences the character's cognitive process and her relationship with her surroundings. We have developed three different approaches to conceptualizing liminal spaces on-screen, each approach aiming to elucidate different facets of Esther's depression. The first two explore disorientation, a less detrimental symptom, while the third approach attempts to materialize suicidal ideation. This thesis highlights the capacity of cinema to convey sensory and emotional nuances and is rooted in a belief held within cinema studies that representation leads to democratization, which, in our framework, equates to a better understanding of depression.

Se evaluó el tratamiento de efluentes de la industria alimentaria por coagulación-floculación utilizando almidón de Solanum tuberosum L. „papa‟ como alternativa al manejo convencional. Los ensayos se realizaron a escala de laboratorio realizando la prueba de jarras con dos coagulantes: sulfato de aluminio y policloruro de aluminio, y dos floculantes: poliacrilamida aniónica y almidón gelatinizado, con variaciones en relación a dosis, concentración y velocidad. Para determinar los parámetros ideales se utilizaron las siguientes variables respuesta: índice de Willcomb, absorbancia, turbidez y demanda química de oxígeno. El mejor tratamiento fue con el coagulante policloruro de aluminio y el floculante poliacrilamida aniónica alcanzándose un porcentaje de reducción de DQO de 83,05%. Aun así, los resultados al utilizar almidón sugieren que se puede reemplazar la poliacrilamida aniónica por el almidón de S. tuberosum al aplicar un tratamiento primario a un efluente industrial no doméstico de una empresa alimentaria ubicada en el distrito de Ate en la ciudad de Lima, Perú para cumplir los Valores máximos admisibles del Decreto Supremo N°021-009-Vivienda, en el aspecto de la carga orgánica presente.Treatment of industrial wastewater was evaluated through coagulation-floculation using starch of Solanum tuberosum L. „potato‟ as an alternative to the conventional management. Assays were performed in a laboratory scale by performing Jar Test with two coagulants: aluminum sulfate and aluminum polychloride, and two flocculants: anionic polyacrylamide and gelatinized starch, making variations in dose, concentration and speed. To determine the ideal parameters, the following response variables were used: Willcomb index, absorbance, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand. The best treatment was when using aluminum polychloride as coagulant and anionic polyacrylamide as flocculant, reaching a reduction percentage of 83,05% in chemical oxygen demand. Even then, the results suggest that can the anionic polyacrylamide can be replaced by starch of S. tuberosum when applying a primary treatment to industrial wastewater from a food company located in the district of Ate in Lima, Perú to meet the admisible values set in the Supreme Decree No. 021-009-VIVIENDA, in the aspect of organic matter present in it.