Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13383号 / 論医博第2215号 / 新制||医||1048(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 大森 孝一, 教授 伊達 洋至, 教授 小西 靖彦 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

In order to characterize peptide transport in the ovine small intestine, [14C]-glycyl-sarcosine uptake by tissue collected from five sheep was studied through the use of brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Preliminary experiments determined that incubation in hyaluronidase is not necessary in order to separate mucosal tissue from the basement membrane and that the stop solution used in the uptake study needed to be buffered. Uptake was examined in proximal (denoted jejunal) and distal (denoted ileal) halves of the intestine at four times (15, 30, 45, and 60 s) and at three extravesicular pH levels (6.4, 7.0, and 7.5). An intravesicular pH of 7.5 was used throughout the study. The two tissue sites differed (P < .02), with BBMV from jejunal tissue showing greater uptake than ileal. Uptake plateaued after 45 s, resulting in a quadratic (P < .005) effect of time. The effect of changes in extravesicular pH was also quadratic (P < .04), with uptake being greatest at pH 6.4, lowest at pH 7.0 and intermediate between the two at pH 7.5. Peptide uptake by sheep jejunal and ileal BBMV was demonstrated, but there was no clear evidence for increased uptake with decreasing extravesicular pH. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--East Carolina University, 2009. / Presented to the faculty of the Department of Exercise and Sport Science. Advisor: Timothy P. Gavin. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 25, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, 2002. / Bibliyografya var.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder, targeting the β-cells of the pancreas. Processes occurring in the gut and pancreas are inferred to be involved. The pre-diabetic expression signature in these tissues is largely uncharacterized. HYPOTHESIS: Spontaneous models of T1D, the LEW.1AR1/Ztm-iddm rat (LEW-DP) and BioBreeding diabetes-prone rat (BBdp) exhibit a distinct transcriptional signature prior to T1D onset. Transcriptional profiling was used to elucidate the expression signatures of the LEW-DP gut and BBdp pancreas. The LEW-DP gut displayed decreased expression of markers of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. The LEW-DP rats showed an upregulation of markers of pro-inflammatory signaling when fed a diabetes-promoting cereal diet compared with LEW-DP rats fed a protective hydrolyzed casein diet. Prospective pancreatectomy was used to analyze T1D development in the BBdp rat. Significant upregulation of β-cell markers Reg3α, Reg3β, and Trim26 was observed in pre-diabetic rats. Thus, it was shown that environment modifies the transcriptional program and the transcriptional profile is programmed early to affect T1D development.

Para evitar a presença de microorganismos nas rações fornecidas para animais de laboratório, são utilizados processos de esterilização como a autoclavagem, porém esta ocasiona perda de nutrientes, como as proteínas, devido à alta temperatura usada. A deficiência protéica pode afetar a atividade celular, provocando diferentes alterações nos tecidos. Por estes fatos, objetivou-se avaliar a ação da ração autoclavada sobre os neurônios do plexo mioentérico do jejuno de ratos em período de crescimento. Para tanto, foram utilizados ratos em período dedesmame (21 dias) provindos de mães que receberam ração autoclavada ou não autoclavadadurante a gestação e lactação e ratos em período de pós-desmame (21 a 70 dias) alimentados com o mesmo tipo de dieta que as mães recebiam. Para a mensuração do perfil do corpo celular e contagem do número de neurônios por área, estes foram evidenciados pelo método de nadh-diaforase. O peso corpóreo dos animais não apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao tipo de alimentação (p > 0,05). Houve uma diminuição do comprimento jejuno-íleo em ratos alimentados com ração autoclavada (p > 0,05). O número de neurônios por área aumentou aproximadamente 10% para ratos que receberam ração autoclavada (p > 0,05). Já a área do perfil dos corpos dos neurônios apresentou um aumento para ratos alimentados com ração autoclavada, sendo este significativo para animais em período de desmame. Todos os fatores observados apresentaram diferença significativa em relação às idades / Autoclaving is the most common sterilization process to avoid the presence of pathogens in the diet of laboratory animals. However, it may cause the loss of nutrients such as proteins due to the high temperature used. The protein deficiency can affect cellular activity, leading todifferent changes in the tissues. Due to these facts, this research aimed to verify the effect of autoclaved diet in the jejunum neurons of the myenteric plexus in rats during their growing phase. The experiment groups were constituted by rats in weaning period (21 days) from mothers that received autoclaved or not diets during the gestation and lactation, and rats in post weaning period (21 to 70 days) fed the same diet the mothers received. In order to measure the neurons body profile and to quantify the number of neurons by area, they were stained by the nadh-diaphorase method. No significant changes were observed to the weight body in animals with autoclaved diet (p > 0.05). There was a decrease in the length of jejunum-ileum in rats treated with autoclaved diet (p > 0.05). The number of neurons by area increased approximately 10% in the rats supplied with autoclaved diet (p > 0.05). The neuron body profile area increased in the rats that received autoclaved diet and it was significant in the animals in weaning period. Nevertheless, all factors observed showed significant differences when related to animal age

<p>After drinking water, the fluid quickly leaves the stomach thereby creating a hypotonic luminal environment in the duodenum. This in turn constitutes a potential threat to the integrity of the duodenal epithelium. It therefore seems highly likely that luminal hypotonicity activates physiological mechanisms that aim to increase luminal osmolality. One such physiological mechanism may be to increase mucosal permeability thereby facilitating the transport of osmolytes into the lumen.</p><p>A draw-back of performing experiments in anesthetized animals is that surgery <i>per se</i> depresses gut functions, such as peristalsis, by mechanisms involving endogenous prostaglandins. In this thesis it is shown that inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in animals subjected to an abdominal operation, restore and/or improve duodenal functions such as motility, mucosal bicarbonate secretion, hypotonicity-induced increase in mucosal permeability and the osmolality-adjusting capability.</p><p>Experiments revealed that the stomach is resistant to hypotonic challenge while the jejunum is more sensitive to hypotonicity-induced increase in mucosal permeability than the duodenum. The hypotonicity-induced increase in duodenal mucosal permeability is not due to injury but possibly reflects physiological dilatation of paracellular shunts.</p><p>Luminal perfusion of the duodenum with an isotonic solution lacking Cl^- decreased bicarbonate secretion while the lack of luminal Na⁺ increased mucosal permeability. Stimulation of bicarbonate secretion by COX-2 inhibition is to a large extent dependent on luminal Cl^- while that induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide is not.</p><p>The hypotonicity-induced increase in mucosal permeability involves the release and action of serotonin (5-HT) on 5-HT₃ and 5-HT₄ receptors and stimulation of enteric nerves strongly implicating physiological regulation of this process.</p>