This thesis explores the differences in UI performance between Jetpack Compose, a modern declarative UI toolkit, and traditional XML in the context of UI design for native Android applications. The aim is to provide developers with insights into the potential tradeoffs associated with each approach, particularly in terms of the end user experience. In order to achieve this, a series of benchmark tests were conducted on two prototype applications: one developed with XML and the other with Jetpack Compose, in order to evaluate the UI performance in various scenarios of real-world use cases. The data collected was subsequently analyzed and discussed, in order to evaluate which UI design approach delivers better performance for the end user. The test results indicate that Jetpack Compose and XML excel at different use cases. Jetpack Compose is demonstrated to have faster app startup time and rendering time for navigation and animation, whereas XML delivers smoother and faster rendering time when scrolling through a layout. Notably, Jetpack Compose has also shown an improvement in UI performance since previous works were conducted. / Den här studien utforskar skillnaden i användargränssnitt-prestanda mellan Jetpack Compose, ett modernt deklarativt användargränssnitt verktyg, och traditionell XML i kontexten av användargränssnitt design för nativa Android applikationer. Syftet är att förse utvecklare med insikter om de potentiella avvägningar som är förknippade med varje tillvägagångssätt, särskilt när det gäller slutanvändarupplevelsen. För att uppnå detta genomfördes en serie prestandatester på två prototyp applikationer: en utvecklad med XML och den andra med Jetpack Compose, för att utvärdera användargränssnitt-prestandan inom olika scenarier av verkliga användningsfall. Den insamlade datan analyserades och diskuterades sedan för att utvärdera vilken användargränssnitt-design metod som levererar bättre prestanda för slutanvändaren. Testresultaten indikerar att Jetpack Compose samt XML presterar bättre vid olika användningsfall. Jetpack Compose har visat sig ha snabbare applikations starttid och renderingstid för navigering och animering, medan XML ger smidigare och snabbare renderingstid vid skrollning genom en layout. Framför allt har Jetpack Compose dessutom visat en förbättring i användargränssnitt-prestanda sedan tidigare arbeten utfördes.

Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka möjligheterna att använda högnivåspråket Swift utanför iOS i webbläsaren och i Android. Detta för att minska mängden kod som skrivs och därmed minska utvecklingstiden för att skapa applikationer för iOS, webbläsaren samt Android. För att hitta lämpliga verktyg som löser frågeställningen har en undersökning av tidigare arbeten och metoder gjorts. Resultatet från undersökningen ledde till användningen av ramverket Tokamak tillsammans med WebAssembly för att återanvända Swift i webbläsaren och verktyget SwiftKotlin för att återanvända Swift i Android. En applikation med designmönstret Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) skapades i avsikt att testa återanvändbarheten. Resultatet visade att Tokamak tillsammans med WebAssembly möjliggör återanvändning av ursprungliga koden för iOS-applikationen komplett förutom plattformsspecifika funktioner som lokalt sparande och nätverksanrop. SwiftKotlin möjliggör återanvändning av modellklassen i applikationen med små justeringar, medan vymodell och vyklasserna behöver skrivas manuellt. / The purpose of this work was to study the possibilities of using the high-level language Swift outside of iOS in the browser and on Android. This is to reduce the amount of code written thus reducing development time to create applications for iOS, browser, and Android. To find suitable tools to solve the problem, a study on previous works and methods has been made. The results of the study led to the use of the framework Tokamak together with WebAssembly to reuse Swift in the browser and the tool SwiftKotlin to reuse Swift on Android. An application using the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) design pattern was created with the intention of testing reusability. The results showed that Tokamak with WebAssembly made it possible to use all the code from the original iOS application except platform-specific functions such as local saving and network calls. SwiftKotlin made it possible to reuse the model class with some small adjustments while the viewmodel and view classes must be manually written.

Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka och utvärdera vilka val utvecklare bör göra vid skapandet av mobila applikationer. Vidare var målet att hitta lämpliga ersättare för Android delen i kursen HI1033 Mobila applikationer och trådlösa nät på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. För att åstadkomma detta utvärderades de mest populära plattformsoberoenderamverken på marknaden, Flutter och React, tillsammans med traditionella och nya ’native’ alternativ som Jetpack Compose. Granskningen av mobilapplikationerna inkluderade utvärderingar av utseende, tidsåtgång, komplexitet, dokumentation, stabilitet, kodlängd samt genomförbarhet bland många. Applikationerna utvecklades med dessa i åtanke, men krävdes också att följa de obligatoriska kraven för mobila applikationskursen. Detta för att ge svar på om dessa varianter kunde anpassas i kursen för framtida klasser. Om applikationerna inte kunde följa kursens krav var tillvägagångsättet sannolikt inte ett genomförbart alternativ. Resultaten visade att, tillskillnad från Jetpack Compose är Flutter betydligt svårare och mer komplicerat att implementera. Det har potential, men det saknar komplex funktionalitet till Blåtand-sensorer och mer specifika ’native’ funktioner.  I jämförelsen med Jetpack Compose och traditionell Android utveckling i denna fråga visades det att Jetpack Compose var både enklare och mindre tidskrävande, kortare i kodlängd men även kunde replikeras på utseendet. Därför är Jetpack Compose ett bra alternativ för att bygga ’native’ applikationer samtidigt som det uppfyller kraven för HI1033 Mobila applikationer och trådlösa nät. / The purpose of this thesis was to study and evaluate what choices developers must make when creating mobile applications. Further, the aim is to find a suitable replacement for the Android part of the course in HI1033 Mobile Applications and Wireless Networks at the KTH Royal institute of Technology. To accomplish this, the most popular cross-platform frameworks on the market, Flutter and React, along with traditional and new native alternatives such as Jetpack Compose, were evaluated.  The examination of the mobile applications included evaluations of appearance, time consumption, complexity, stability, and feasibility among many. The applications were developed with this in mind, however, they needed to also follow the mandatory requirements of the mobile application course to provide answers as to whether these variants could be adapted in the course’s future classes. If the applications could not meet the course's requirements, then the approach was likely not a viable one. The results indicated that, unlike Jetpack Compose, Flutter is significantly more difficult and cumbersome to implement. It has potential, but it’s missing complex functionality for Bluetooth sensors and more specifically certain native functionalities. Comparing Jetpack Compose with traditional android development in this question proved that the newer Jetpack Compose was both easier, less time-consuming, and more stable to use. Therefore, Jetpack Compose is a good alternative for building native mobile applications, but also for the future classes in HI1033 Mobile Application and Wireless Networks.

Целью работы является разработка приложения для подбора пары домашним животным. Объектом исследования являются мобильные приложения на базе операционной системы Android. Методы исследования включают: анализ, сравнение и обобщение данных о существующих веб-сервисах по уходу и разведению домашних животных; апробация современных технологий мобильной разработки. Результатом работы является разработанное приложение, включающее в себя серверную часть с автоматической обработкой PDF-файлов и клиентской в виде Android-приложения. / The goal of the work is to develop an application for matching pets. The object of the study is mobile applications based on the Android operating system. Research methods include: analysis, comparison and synthesis of data on existing web services for the care and breeding of pets; testing of modern mobile development technologies. The result of the work is a developed application, which includes a server part with automatic processing of PDF files and a client part in the form of an Android application.

In order to improve the flight performance of the Martin Jetpack research was undertaken to investigate the aerodynamic issues that were limiting the P-11A Jetpack's flight envelope. Through research of existing ducted-fan aircraft, a flight model describing the unique aerodynamics of the Martin Jetpack was developed using Matlab®/Simulink® software. The dynamic flight model, which can be ran in real time, includes the reactions from: ducted-fans, aircraft body aerodynamics, control surfaces, gyration and landing gear interactions. Abstract Numerous experiments were designed to quantify and validate assumptions used in the development of the model equations. The experiments took advantage of the small size of the Jetpack by designing and building test apparatuses that measured reactions directly on the actual aircraft. This avoided scaling issues that are traditionally encountered when employing wind tunnels for aerodynamic measurements. Abstract Implementing the experimental results into the model led to the modifications of the existing Jetpack airframe to produce the P-11C Jetpack prototype, which significantly improved the performance of the aircraft. The collected flight data was used to validate the model and good agreement was achieved. Abstract Based on this research a new Jetpack prototype (P-12) was developed that combined the flight performance of the P-11C Jetpack with the ability to carry a man or manned sized payload. The model was used to design the layout and to size the control vanes for the P-12 Jetpack. Further research was performed to design larger rotor and stator blades required for the P-12 Jetpack prototype. Abstract The developed model allows the user to efficiently evaluate various control methodologies and changes to key aerodynamic features of the aircraft to aid in the design and flying of the Martin Jetpack. Abstract The outcome of this research is a better understanding of the ducted-fan technology, and via the development of the Jetpack flight model, correctly applying this understanding to improve the Jetpack's flight performance.

Smartphones have become indispensable in modern life, largely due to the vast array of apps that aim to simplify and enrich our daily experiences. Given the vast number of apps available, it's crucial to have a unique and user-friendly UI to stand out from the crowd. This thesis explores the processes of mobile application UI development, contrasting the traditional declarative programming approach with the Android toolkit Jetpack Compose and the use of a web based low-code tool, FlutterFlow, for cross-platform applications. The goal is to provide valuable insights for those seeking to develop competitive, modern UI. This is achieved by examining the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, focusing on their ability to create non-standard custom components, the scalability of the apps developed, and potential differences in UI responsiveness, animation smoothness, and overall fluidity. To address these questions, a case study was conducted where an application was developed using both approaches. In addition, a qualitative user survey was conducted to assess whether users could discern any difference between the two applications. The findings suggest that while users did not perceive a significant difference, Jetpack Compose outperformed in terms of app scalability and the creation of non-standard custom components. On the other hand, FlutterFlow proved advantageous in implementing standard functionalities and animations, as well as offering a considerably faster development time when only standard components were required. / Smartphones har blivit oumbärliga i det moderna livet, till stor del på grund av det stora utbudet av appar som syftar till att förenkla och berika våra dagliga upplevelser. Med tanke på det stora antalet tillgängliga appar är det avgörande att ha ett unikt och användarvänligt gränssnitt för att sticka ut från mängden. Syftet med denna avhandling är att jämföra processen vid utveckling av användargränssnitt för mobila applikationer, specifikt genom att kontrastera det traditionella tillvägagångssättet med deklarativ programmering med Jetpack Compose och användningen av ett lågkodverktyg, FlutterFlow, för cross-platform applikationer. Avsikten är att erbjuda värdefulla insikter för intressenter som strävar efter att utveckla moderna och konkurrenskraftiga applikationer. Detta mål uppnås genom att förtydliga fördelarna och nackdelarna med vardera tillvägagångssätt, särskilt när det gäller deras flexibilitet i att skapa icke-standard komponenter, skalbarheten hos de utvecklade applikationerna, och potentiella skillnader i responsivitet, smidighet och fluiditet mellan applikationen. För att besvara dessa frågor genomfördes en fallstudie där en applikation utvecklades med båda tillvägagångssätten. Dessutom genomfördes en kvalitativ användarundersökning för att bedöma om användarna kunde upptäcka skillnader mellan de två applikationerna. Resultaten tyder på att medan användarna inte uppfattade någon märkbar skillnad, visade Jetpack Compose vara överlägsen när det gäller applikationens skalbarhet och skapandet av icke-standard komponenter. Däremot uppvisade FlutterFlow en fördel i implementeringen av standard funktionaliteter och animationer, samt erbjuder betydligt snabbare utvecklingstid när applikationen endast kräver standardkomponenter.

The goal of this thesis is to create a mobile application for Android that will offer management for reservations of training lessons. There are two user roles in the application. The first one is coach who can offer his lessons to other users. Users then can book this lesson right from the application. Coach can also manage all of his lessons and see his reservations in calendar. The second type of user is an athlete who can search for training lessons by name or place distance and then he can book them. The name of the application is Fittyy and it complies with Material Design rules. It uses advanced technologies like Android Jetpack to store local data, implement MVVM model or process server requests in the background. Communication between coach and athlete was implemented using CMS system made by Dactyl Group s.r.o.

The Martin Aircraft Company Limited has been developing the Martin Jetpack for over 25 years. The recent worldwide launch of the Jetpack has enabled the company to step up its research and development programme. The goal of this project was to determine the feasibility of an electrically powered version of the Martin Jetpack. The feasibility of the Electric Jetpack was determined by researching energy storage technologies, researching power cable technologies, simulations of flight times, surveys of electric motors, and the development of a simulation program which was used to optimise some preliminary custom motor designs. The overall conclusion of this project was that the Electric Jetpack was feasible only when it was powered through a tethered power cable, and on-board energy storage was not used. An investigation into current energy storage technologies showed that the Electric Jetpack is not considered feasible when using on-board energy storage, however it is possible to obtain flight for a very short time. The energy storage technologies studied were batteries, fuel cells, and ultra-capacitors. It was found that the best performing technology was the lithium iron nano-phosphate battery. A simulation of flight time showed that this battery type would be able to provide flight for approximately 3.6 minutes. Future trends indicated that the Electric Jetpack with on-board energy storage may eventually be feasible when using a lithium-ion based battery due to improvements being made in energy density and power density. By using a tethered power cable, the weight of the on-board energy storage could be eliminated. This was shown to be a feasible method for powering the Electric Jetpack for applications where the Jetpack needs to only be operated in a small area. The best cable type to use was a multi-stranded flexible cable operating at a high DC bus voltage. The weight of a 5 meter power cable using a 1000 V bus voltage was shown to be 4.9 kg. Potential applications for this kind of Jetpack could include thrill rides and rescue operations from multi-storied buildings. A cable made from carbon nanotubes was shown to be a future technology that could offer a lighter cable. A survey of currently available electric motors showed that none met both the power density and speed required by the Electric Jetpack, even when using a tethered power cable to eliminate the energy storage weight. Because of this, a custom motor design was needed. Research into motor technologies showed that the permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor was the most suited type for the Electric Jetpack. The permanent magnet brushless AC (PMBLAC) motor was also suitable. A PMBLDC motor simulation program was developed using MATLAB which could be used to optimise preliminary custom designs. A characterisation of allowable motor time constants for the PMBLDC motor type was made in order to speed up the simulation time. The optimisation results showed that a power density of 5.41 kW/kg was achievable for the motor when it was located inside the ducted fan tubes, and a power density of 6.56 kW/kg was achievable when the motor was located outside the ducted fans and operated at a higher speed. The motor designs were shown to be within the expected torque per unit rotor volume (TRV) range for aerospace machines. The best power density figures would leave between 37 kg and 42 kg of weight for the motor driver/controller, cable weight, and miscellaneous motor parts. This was considered to be feasible. An FEM simulation was made on one of the optimised motor designs. The FEM results agreed with the parametric results within reasonable accuracy. The parametric back-EMF waveform over-estimated the effects of slotting.

Cieľom tejto diplomovej práce je vytvoriť Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) aplikáciu pre mobilné telefóny s operačným systémom Android. Pre splnenie tejto úlohy bola preskúmaná aktuálna legislatíva ohľadom EFB aplikácií spolu s najmodernejšími EFB aplikáciami dostupnými na aplikačnom trhu. Na základe týchto informácií je navrhnutá a implementovaná EFB aplikácia určená pre pilotov všeobecného letectva. Výsledný produkt obsahuje funkcie pre plánovanie letu, vlastnú leteckú mapu, pilotný denník, katalóg letísk s dátami z celého sveta a ďalšie. Podpora offline zaručuje funkčnosť v reálnych podmienkach letu. Konečný produkt sa taktiež snaží inovovať nad existujúcimi EFB aplikáciami zahrnutím funkcionalít, akými sú napríklad automatické kontrolné zoznamy a náhľad v rozšírenej realite.