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This thesis "Disease from the perspective of selected world religions" first defines related terms, such as health, illness and religion, and then presents the problem of disease in the Buddhist, Judaic, Christian and Islamic concepts. Information is obtained from the basic religious texts and then from considerations of experts who dealt with the issue. The main objective of this thesis is to show how the religion looks at the causes of disease and how these causes have been associated with human sin. There are also reflected differences that result from the historical development and the different currents of thought within each religion. The study also examined the impact that a religious basis for the practical life of the faithful in the medical and social. In conclusion, the positions of the various religions are compared.

Diploma work abstract I based my work on the research of messianic topic in holy texts of Abrahamaic religions, what means an research on TNK (Old Testament), New Testament and Quran (including the early islamic tradition). I tried to bring a frame of a possible common dialogue based on the shared religious expectation towards common world ethos.

The thesis deals with important and festive days in the Jewish calendar. It studies their origin both in historical context and in the context of celebrations and customs observed during the festivals. It deals with the festivals both from the religious point of view, i.e. religious commands and orders, and from the societal point of view where it aims at mapping the customs and traditions which are followed but which are not based on religious texts or rabbi tradition. The scope of the text dedicated in the thesis to specific festivals does not strictly copy the religious importance or the popularity of a particular festival with Jewish population; rather, it is guided by the scope of historical background and customs followed in connection with the festival. As a result, some less popular festivals in the society are more prominent than it would have been expected judging by their importance. The thesis presents individual festivals in the chronological order of the religious year, with the exception of Shabbat which is observed every week and Rosh Chodesh celebrated monthly. These festivals were included before other festivals and make up a separate chapter. The broad scope of the thesis encompassing all festive days, including modern festivals, mostly established by the State of Israel, enables...

The present M.A. thesis deals with the role of Jewish religious law in the legal system of the State of Israel. The aim of this work is to describe unique nature of Israeli legal system due to the incorporation of Jewish religious law. The thesis focuses at the marital and divorce law. This legal branch was the most influenced by Jewish religious. The case of agunot, litteraly chained women, was chosen as an example of the application of Jewish religious law in the legal system of a modern country. Agunah is a woman who is not permitted to remarry because she has not been given a divorce list nor she is widowed. The problem of agunot is rather ancient and Jewish scholars have tried to find a solution for many centuries. However, nowadays when society calls for an equality between genders and for standard human rights, this issue is even more pressing than ever before. Hardly is a woman accorded right to human dignity if her husband can keep her at his own mercy. At the absence of systemic legal tool, the whole community, including the Orthodox rabbis, should be willing to exert moral pressure such as banning lenient men from synagogue offices and honors to help women to be released from their marriage. More so because the motive behind withholding a geṭ is in most cases economic or other benefit....

The purpose of this diploma thesis is to analyse the works Ghetto Warschau by Max Zweig and Revolte der Heiligen by Ernst Sommer. The thematic focus of the thesis is the Warsaw ghetto uprising. The thesis aims to present a systematic analysis and subsequent comparison of both works, with emphasis on the issue of religion. It tries to find out how Judaism together with the inconsistent approach of the Jews to the Jewish faith influenced the approach of the Jews to the revolt in the studied works. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the history and principles of the Jewish religion as well as the history of the Jewish population. The second chapter focuses on the history of the Jewish population in Polish territory, also on the period of World War II and the emergence of ghettos, including the Warsaw ghetto. The next chapter presents both authors' biographies and works, with particular emphasis on common aspects of their work and life. The fourth chapter deals with the analysis itself. The conclusion of the diploma thesis contains a summary of the analysis and answers research questions.

The architectural study deals with the design of a new synagogue in Trutnov, located on the site of the original synagogue, which was burned down in 1938 during the so-called Crystal Night. Currently, the area is a place of reverence, as a reminder of this historical event. The concept works with this idea and develops it further by adding other functions of the Jewish community - kosher restaurant, the Jewish community centre, and the mikveh. Due to the site location between two historical neoclassical buildings, the grounds should look humble and non-conflicting. The concept of the site is based on the needs of each individual functional unit and on the historical ties in the area. The concept of the synagogue itself is derived from the history of Jewish culture, its connections and mostly symbolism. Also, the reference to the original burned down synagogue is taken into account.

This thesis deals with some aspects of the religiosity of the members of the Czech community, who claim to be a part of a Messianic Judaism movement. The text is based on the field research I did within the congregation. In the introduction, I attempt to present definitions of this type of religiosity, describe the historical development of the movement, make connection to evangelical religiosity, outline its basic pillars, clarify the role of non-Jewish believers in this movement, and ultimately outline possible forms of worship. Next, I describe my journey into the field, the development of my relationships with the informers and then I evaluate my insider-outsider position in the community. In the practical part of the thesis, I try to reveal the path of individual church members to this type of religiosity, relying on Kaell's concept of "born-again seeking". Based on testimonies from individual believers, I try to uncover why the congregation does not accept more elements of Pentecostal religiosity, as can be seen in many Messianic communities, especially in the United States and England. On the contrary, the church's aims seem to be a counterweight to emotional Pentecostal religiosity. On the phenomena of the celebration of Jewish holidays, the observance of the Sabbath, the relations to the...

The main aim of this dissertation is to understand the function of the text The Parables of Enoch (PE) in its ancient context. Despite the complicated and composite nature of this text, I have tried to explain the internal logic of this text, especially with an emphasis on understanding the different timelines with which the author of the text works. A critical evaluation of the limits of working with the preserved Ethiopian translations, as well as with the composite nature of the extant form of the text is the essential prerequisite for the interpretation of PE. In the exegetical part, I seek to demonstrate the main thesis that the purpose of PE is to offer a complex symbolic universe through ancient authoritative visions of the ancestor Enoch that serves to legitimize the shared social reality, which is in danger due to the difficult situation of persecution and oppression. I take the theoretical framework for this research over from the sociological constructivism. While the shared social reality is often in crisis, the symbolic universe as a complex level of legitimation intends to explain this discrepancy between the assumed social reality and the reality of the everyday experience. In the case of PE, it is a discrepancy between the experience of oppression and persecution of the addressees...

The aim of the thesis was to create an architectural study of the new synagogue in Opava. Similarly to many other towns and cities, the former synagogue was burned during Kristallnacht, the ruins were completely demolished and taken away. Nowadays there are no buildings on the site, except the former Rabbi’s house. Basic idea was in preserving the park character of the site by insertion of a non-arrogant low cuboid volume in the neighbourhood of apartment buildings from the first half of the 20th century. Designed form benefits from the character of the site while humbly avoiding construction on the actual place where the burnt synagogue stood. This creates an elegant, low object, whose two dominant ceiling slabs are filled with glass in between so it preserves a part of the park’s existing transparency and let the interior freely connect with exterior, also thanks to large sliding windows. In the center of the block is situated three sides closed atrium, which surrounds the new synagogue, into whose interior delicate scattered sunlight penetrates through the translucent onyx stone walls.