Repeated ontogenetic treatment with quinpirole produces enhanced quinpirole-induced yawning and antinociceptive actions in adult rats. We now report the occurence of a bizarre behavior jumping inrats so treated. Rats were treated daily from birth with quinpirole HCl (3.0 mg/kg per day × 28 days i.p., salt form) or saline vehicle. After each daily injection, the rats were observed for at least 1 h. Starting on the 18th day after birth, quinpirole treatment was associated with the appearance of jumping behavior. On the 20th day after birth a dose-effect relationship was found for quinpirole HCl (0.10-3.0 mg/kg), with maximal jumping activity occurring between 30 and 150 min after the 3.0 mg/kg dose. On the 26th day after birth, both spiperone HCl (0.30 mg/kg i.p.) and SCH 23390 HCl (0.30 mg/kg i.p.) attenuated the quinpirole effect. At 34 days the jumping response was virtually absent. The age-related jumping behavior appears to be another manifestation of the abnormal responses meduated by supersensitized dopamine receptors in quinpirole-primed rats. Based on the ability of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists to attenuate this effect, quinpirole-induced jumping behavior may be a reflection of cooperativity of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor types.

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No description available.

Droplet dynamics, encompassing relatively static processes such as evaporation to more vigorous phenomena like self-propelled jumping, are of considerable interest due to their significance in both natural phenomena and practical applications. These behaviors are pivotal in facilitating mass, momentum, and energy transfer between droplets and their surroundings, with applications spanning phase-change heat transfer, material transport, surface engineering, and energy optimization. While droplet dynamics have been extensively studied over the past several decades, advancements in surface engineering, such as the development of functional surface materials, have introduced novel mechanisms governing droplet behavior. These complex droplet-substrate interactions exhibit intricate dynamics that transcend conventional understanding and remain inadequately explored. This dissertation investigates the intricate dynamics of droplet-substrate interactions, spanning processes from evaporation to out-of-surface jumping, offering insights into the interplay of thermal, capillary, and inertial forces that govern these phenomena. The evaporation of sessile water droplets on heated microstructured superhydrophobic surfaces is experimentally and theoretically explored across a temperature range of 20 °C to 120 °C. A thermal circuit model is developed to decouple heat and mass transfer contributions from the droplet cap and base. The findings reveal that substrate roughness and temperature significantly influence evaporation behavior, with suppressed boiling observed due to evaporative cooling. The results elucidate the role of substrate microstructures in modulating heat transfer pathways, advancing the understanding of evaporation dynamics on non-wetting surfaces. As the substrate temperature increases, vapor bubbles form at the droplet base, transitioning the droplet into the nucleate boiling regime. At relatively low temperatures, droplets exhibit versatile jumping behaviors similar to the high-temperature Leidenfrost effect. Unlike the traditional Leidenfrost effect, which occurs above 230 °C, fin-array-like micropillars enable water microdroplets to levitate and jump off the surface within milliseconds at just 130 °C, triggered by the inertia-controlled growth of individual vapor bubbles at the droplet base. The droplet jumping, driven by momentum interactions between the expanding vapor bubble and the droplet, can be modulated by adjusting the thermal boundary layer thickness through pillar height. This allows for precise control over bubble expansion, switching between inertia-controlled and heat-transfer-limited modes. These two modes lead to distinct droplet jumping behaviors: one characterized by constant velocity and the other by constant energy. Bubble expansion provides an effective method for achieving droplet out-of-surface jumping. To better understand the gas-liquid-substrate three-phase interactions, we inject an air bubble into a sessile droplet to explore the bubble burst-induced droplet jumping process. Upon bubble bursting, the surface energy released from both the inner and outer surfaces of the bubble drives the droplet jumping. Specifically, the bursting bubble generates capillary waves that propagate nearly vertically towards the substrate, causing the droplet to retract with minimal spreading upon impact with the capillary waves. When sufficient surface energy is released, this bubble burst-based strategy facilitates efficient momentum transfer through direct and localized capillary wave-solid surface interactions, enabling the lifting of large puddle droplets on the centimeter scale. / Doctor of Philosophy / Have you ever noticed how water droplets can sit on a surface, evaporate into thin air, or even jump away on their own? These fascinating behaviors might seem simple, but they play a big role in how heat, energy, and even materials move around in nature and in technology. My research looks at how droplets behave in different situations, from slowly disappearing through evaporation to suddenly jumping off a surface, and what makes these behaviors possible. One part of my work explores how tiny droplets evaporate on special surfaces designed to repel water. I found that the texture of the surface and how hot it is can change how quickly droplets evaporate. Interestingly, the surfaces I studied keep water from boiling, even at high temperatures, because the droplets cool themselves as they evaporate. Another part of my research investigates something even more dramatic: droplets jumping off surfaces. By using surfaces covered in tiny structures, I discovered that droplets can jump away at temperatures much lower than expected—around 130 °C instead of over 230 °C, which is typical in other scenarios. This happens because bubbles forming underneath the droplet give it a little "push" that helps it leap into the air. Finally, I studied how bursting a bubble inside a droplet can make the entire droplet jump. The burst sends out ripples, like waves in a pond, but these waves hit the surface below the droplet and bounce it upward. By tweaking the surface texture, we can control this jumping behavior and even lift very large droplets. These findings could help design surfaces that clean themselves or remove liquids quickly and efficiently.

Title: Verification of instructor influence on the load during exercise session of "Jumping". Goals: The main goal is to observe the dynamics of heart rate during the 62-minute exercise session of "Jumping" and to observe the impact of the instructor on the cardiovascular system load, by monitoring heart rate. Methods: During the exercise session of "Jumping" we observe the cardiovascular system load on 38 volunteers aged 18-30 years, by monitoring of heart rate. For measuring heart rate, we used equipment Polar RS800CX. Probands were divided into four groups according to gender and age. Two groups of men and women in each age categories up to 20 years and from 21 to 30 years. Each proband completed four exercise sessions lasting about 62 minutes. The sessions were led by four different instructors. Results: The analysis results show that the average heart rates during 62 minute exercise session of "Jumping" are not significantly different. Measured values showed that Jumping is not aerobic activity. Keywords: Jumping, trampoline, heart rate, cardiovascular system, sport tester

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web.

The purpose of this study was to investigate two different plyometric training techniques for increasing vertical jumping ability. Twenty-four female high school volleyball players were matched for height and weight and distributed equally among three groups. Each subject performed a vertical jump test, Margaria power test, Wingate bicycle test, and an isokinetic leg strength test prior to and following six weeks of training. Plyometric training significantly (p<.05) improved vertical jumping ability and some indices of leg strength and power. Weighted plyometrics did not enhance performance more than plyometrics alone. These data support the view that plyometric training with or without added weights enhances vertical jumping and leg power.

Temos aktualumas. Įvairaus meistriškumo krepšininkams siekiant aukščiausių rezultatų atletinis parengtumas – vienas svarbiausių veiksnių (Berg & Latin, 1995; Drinkwater et al., 2007; Korkma & Karaha, 2012). Kūno sudėjimo (ūgio, kūno masės, riebalinės masės) ir atletinio parengtumo (greitumo, šoklumo) rodiklių registravimas ir analizavimas padės treneriams optimizuoti sportinį rengimo procesą sezono metu ir padėti planuoti pasiruošimą kitiems sezonams (Abdelkrim et al., 2007). Tyrimo objektas: pusiau profesionalių krepšininkų kūno sudėjimas ir atletinis parengtumas. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti pusiau profesionalių krepšininkų kūno sudėjimo ir atletinio parengtumo rodiklių kaitos ypatumus dviejų sezonų metu. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir įvertinti atletinio parengtumo (greitumo ir šoklumo) ir kūno sudėjimo rodiklių kaitą dviejų metų cikle 2. Nustatyti ir palyginti veiksmingumo indeksą dviejų sezonų (2012–2013 ir 2013–2014 m.) laikotarpyje. 3. Nustatyti dominuojančias rengimo rūšis skirtinguose metinio ciklo laikotarpiuose. Išvados: 1. Jonavos komandos krepšininkų kūno sudėjimo ir atletinio parengtumo rodikliai atitiko gerą parengtumo lygį, tačiau 2012–2013 ir 2013–2014 m. sezonuose kito netolygiai. Geriausi rodikliai buvo pasiekti varžybinio laikotarpio pabaigoje. 2. Nustatyta, kad abejuose sezonuose buvo laimėtas panašus rungtynių skaičius, tačiau varžybų veiksmingumo indeksas buvo ženkliai geresnis 2013–2014 m. sezone, tai galėjo lemti pagerėjąs atletinis parengtumas 3... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Relevance of the topic . Different skill to achieve the highest performance basketball fizical maturity - one of the most important factors (Berg & Latin, 1995; Drinkwater et al., 2007; Korkman & Karaha, 2012). Body composition (height, weight, fat mass) and physical fitness (speed, to jump) recording and analysis of indicators to help sports coaches to optimize the preparation process of the season and help plan to prepare for other seasons (Abdelkrim et al., 2010). Research object: of the semi-professional basketball athletic body type and physical fitness. Research aim: Identify a semi-professional basketball physique and physical fitness rates change peculiarities of the two seasons. Research subjects: 1. Identify and assess physical fitness (speed and jumping) and body composition indicators of the two-year cycle 2. Identify and asses the effectiveness of index two seasons (2012–2013 and 2013–2014) period. 3. Identify dominant type of traning in different periods of the annual cycle. Conclusions: 1. Jonavos teams and physical physique fitness parameters in a good fitness level , but from 2012 to 2013 and 2013–2014 another annual seasons. Best of competitive indicators have been achieved at the end . 2. Was found that in both seasons were won by a similar number of matches , the competitive effectiveness index was significantly better in 2013–2014 season, it could lead to have improved physical fitness. 3. During the preparatory period of time on a lot of physical... [to full text]

Ingeniero Civil Eléctrico / La gran minería de Chile se encuentra localizada, en su mayoría, en la alta montaña lo que hace vulnerable al sistema eléctrico a distintas condiciones climáticas como nieve y viento. El presente trabajo de título pretende caracterizar los distintos efectos asociados a estos fenómenos naturales. Asimismo se mostrarán las opciones de mitigación existentes en el mercado para evaluar desde el punto de vista técnico y económico si resulta pertinente comprar e instalar dichas opciones. En este caso en particular se estudiará el complejo minero de El Teniente perteneciente a la Corporación Nacional del Cobre. Los dos grandes fenómenos que afectan a las líneas de alta tensión producto de nieve y viento son el efecto galloping y el ice jumping. Ambos, de características similares, tienen las mismas soluciones desde el punto de vista técnico, a través del uso de separadores. Se encontró durante el curso de la investigación, que los contrapesos también resultan útiles para evitar fallas por ice jumping. Consecuentemente se consideraron ambos dispositivos para el análisis. La metodología propuesta consiste en identificar las líneas que presentan fallas debido a estos fenómenos y luego calcular el costo de la eventual falla producida. Posteriormente este valor se contrasta con el precio de compra de los dispositivos, entregados por empresas proveedoras. Se concluye que los dispositivos evaluados resultan atractivos de instalar siempre y cuando se tenga bien identificado dónde ocurre el problema y los costos que los disturbios traen. En particular para la división El Teniente se considera que la instalación de separadores para la línea Sauzal Minero mitigaría de manera importante las fallas que se producen en invierno.. En el caso de la línea Coya Colina no resulta conveniente la instalación de dispositivos de mitigación por diversos factores. En primer lugar la antigüedad de la misma hace difícil cualquier tipo de trabajo de implementación Otro motivo es que no se tiene identificado de manera satisfactoria los vanos en los cuales se registran con mayor frecuencia las fallas y finalmente se tiene un sistema eficiente de mitigación para la acumulación de nieve en los conductores, que es la condición de derretidor de nieve.

The reactive strength index (RSI) is the current “gold standard” assessment of reactive strength. Traditional measures of reactive strength, including the RSI, are not strength-based and are founded using untested theoretical assumptions. The purpose of this study was to develop two versions of a kinetic-based paradigm of reactive strength (New and AdjNew) and compare them against the Coefficient of Reactivity (CoR) and the RSI. Twenty one NCAA Division I basketball players and 59 young adults from the general population performed two reactive strength protocols: Progressive drop jumping and repetitive countermovement jumping. For every jump, the CoR, RSI, New, and AdjNew were computed. Measure agreeability was assessed using the Bland-Altman approach and linear regressions. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) assessed the effect of sport participation, age, and sex on the four measures of reactive strength. Lastly, effects of self-reported physical activity levels were assessed using stepwise linear regressions. The strongest association was observed between AdjNew and the RSI (R2= 0.636). All NCAA > young adults). The RSI, New, and AdjNew were sensitive to effects of sex and sport participation in repetitive countermovement jumping (males > females; NCAA > young adults). There are theoretical issues with the computation and implementation of the CoR and RSI. For example, the CoR and RSI are non-strength based measures that attempt to measure a strength construct. Further, the CoR, RSI, and New make the theoretical assumption that no biological variability exists in human movement. The AdjNew paradigm addresses and solves the theoretical issues with the CoR, RSI, and New. Therefore it may be argued that the AdjNew paradigm improves the theoretical validity of reactive strength assessment and is preferred over the RSI. The AdjNew is kinetic based, comprised of only measured component variables, and is not founded in assumptions of theory. This dissertation provides objective theoretical evidence to suggest that the AdjNew paradigm is an improvement over the RSI as a model of reactive strength.