Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss.

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnologico / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-08T21:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 108849.pdf: 2533552 bytes, checksum: 43aa439d393bafdd67216fa4c0cd57e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997 / Em uma sociedade onde os consumidores estão cada vez mais exigindo por qualidade nos produtos e nos serviços, e com os mercados globalizados, dinâmicos e altamente competitivos, há uma crescente preocupação nas empresas não só em manter, mas em incrementar seu desempenho no que diz respeito a qualidade e produtividade. Devido a estes fatos, as filosofias japonesas de manufatura e administração, especialmente a Filosofia Just-in-Time (JIT), têm-se mostrado tão atrativas. O JIT é baseado no conceito de eliminação total das perdas do sistema produtivo através da estratégia de redução dos estoques. O sistema kanban age como a base do JIT, sendo a sua função direcionar a matéria prima somente quando necessário e na quantidade certa. Apesar do sistema kanban ser uma técnica simples, com a sua aplicação em diferentes situações nas quais as condições de operação da filosofia JIT não estejam plenamente concretizadas, gerou-se a necessidade de conhecer mais sobre como o sistema kanban se comporta e como pode ser otimizado na planta fabril. Assim, para que se possa obter os beneficios da utilização do kanban, o ajuste e compreensão do funcionamento do sistema kanbans é essencial. Considerando os aspectos mencionados, tem-se como objetivo deste trabalho desenvolver uma metodologia para o ajuste dos parâmetros do sistema kanban que proporcione melhores condições de operação de acordo com as metas do JIT. Objetiva-se também analisar como os parâmetros do sistema kanban influenciam no comportamento do sistema produtivo, e quais as penalidades ao sistema kanban caso as condições de operação do JIT estejam abaixo do ideal.

Intention of this work is to introdukce ideas of lean enterprise in general but also on concrete example of company BENTELER, ČR s.r.o. and take a think on influences and difficulties. Dissertation is divided into theoretical part which describing basic methods and principles of lean enterprise and practical part. In practical part I am introducing company BENTELER, ČR s.r.o. and actions to establish lean production on concrete example in plant Chrastava.

The task of the project developed in cooperation with Bosch Diesel Ltd. in Jihlava was to create an optimization tool for the evaluation of production processes with a focus on JIS implementation on its individual parts. Another important goal was to create a standardized manual that makes it possible to optimize poorly rated parts of the production process. The aim of the thesis is to create an optimization tool that can be implemented globally. A model process for the project had been determined to efficiently define and test individual steps of the work. The first part is dedicated to theory, which was largely supported by many trainings as well as training materials from Bosch. In the practical part, there is given and described the created tool, which is subsequently applied to the selected process. The combination of theoretical knowledge with a practical example has led to the elimination of many unknowns. The result is a user-friendly tool that can be used worldwide. Due to the results of the evaluation of the selected process, it was not possible to implement JIS but steps were taken to improve the whole process and thus to save time and money.

The automotive industry has given over the last seven decades to the industrial world a sustained demand for vehicles. It is classed as one of the largest industries in the world and an industry that most use and develop new technologies with the goal to reduce their costs and increase their productivity.The Japanese philosophy that calls from the west-world for Lean Management is based on, among other things, the elimination of the "muda" which translates as waste through continuous efforts aimed at achieving a robust manufacturing. To achieve this, uses several methods and tools and among others is the Just-In-Time approach the most abundant. JIT means the right material will be in the right place at a specific time. This study will most be focused on a strategy that is considered the most extreme application of the concept, namely the Just-In-Sequence strategy in which the components are delivered in the right time and in the right sequence in a pull system manufacturing there the goal is to see if the lead times and resource need can be minimized.To test the appropriate theory takes the study place at Volvo Cars in Torslanda, Sweden. Volvo Cars manufactures some of the most popular cars in the world, with production in Europe, Asia, and from 2018 also in the United States. The company implements the Lean methods and especially JIT but also JIS in some parts of the assembly.This study was done on the engine department there the engines arrive from the supplier in a rack that runs further to the different buffers and from there to the production line for final assembly.The purpose was to investigate and report on how the company could through using of the JIS strategy affect the material flow as well as which economic benefits had this implementation resulted.The study took into account both sequencing at the supplier and sequencing in the plant after the arrival. Both methods resulted a more efficient flow of materials in which a reduction in the need of resources was noted. The sequencing at the supplier proved to be even more advantageous, as in most of the cases, production costs less at suppliers but also the reduction in capital was radically.IITo achieve a perfect sequence requires close cooperation with the suppliers and a quite big investment to create robust processes that eliminates the error probability.The main recommendation to Volvo Cars is to mostly focus on the big picture than on each plant individually. To achieve a more efficient flow and a better result for the entire organization is something that should be given priority even if a facility would then get a worse result. Finally, it is recommended to Volvo Cars to invest in a Just-In-Sequence strategy which bring benefits such as freeing up operative area in the factory, but most important of all, it reduces the lead times and the resource-costs. / Fordonsindustrin har under de senaste sju decennierna gett till industriella världen en oförminskad efterfrågan på fordon. Den klassas som en utav de största industrierna i världen samt en industri som mest använder och utvecklar ny teknik med mål att sänka sina kostnader och öka sin produktivitet.Den japanska filosofin som västervärlden kallar för Lean management grundar på bland annat eliminering av ”muda” som översätts som slöseri genom ett kontinuerligt arbete som siktar till att uppnå ett robust tillverkningssystem. För att uppnå detta används flera metoder och verktyg och bland andra är Just-In-Time metoden den mest förekommande. JIT innebär att rätt material ska vara på rätt plats på en specifik tid. I denna studie kommer mest läggas fokus på en strategi som anses av de flesta företag vara den mest extrema tillämpningen av konceptet, nämligen Just-In-Sequence strategin där komponenterna levereras helt enkelt i rätt tid och i rätt sekvens i ett dragande system och målet är att se om ledtiderna och resursbehovet kan minimeras.För att prova den lämpliga teorin äger studien rum på Volvo Cars i Torslanda. Volvo Cars tillverkar några utav de mest efterfrågade bilarna i världen med produktion i Europa, Asien och från och med 2018 i USA. Företaget använder sig av de ovannämnda Lean metoderna som JIT men även JIS på vissa delar av monteringen.Denna studie skedde specifikt på motoravdelningen där motorer ankommer ifrån leverantören i rack som vidare körs till olika buffertar och därifrån till produktionsbandet för slutmonteringen.Syftet var att undersöka och redogöra för hur företaget kan med hjälp av JIS-strategin påverka företagets materialflöde samt vilka ekonomiska fördelar hade denna implementering medfört.Studien tog hänsyn till både försekvensering hos leverantören och sekvensering efter ankomsten till fabriken. Båda två metoderna resulterade i ett effektivare materialflöde där en minskning av behövande resurser märktes. Sekvenseringen hos leverantören visade sig vara ännu fördelaktig då i de flesta av fallen är tillverkningskostnaderna mindre hos leverantörer men även minskning av bundet kapital var radikalt. Att nå en perfekt sekvens kräver nära samarbete med leverantören och en ganska stor investering för att skapa robusta processer som eliminerar felsannolikheten.Den huvudsakliga rekommendationen till Volvo Cars är att fokusera mest på helheten än på varje fabrik individuellt. Att nå ett effektivare flöde och ett bättre resultat för hela koncernen är något som borde prioriteras även om en anläggning skulle i så fall få ett mindre bra resultat. Slutligen rekommenderas till Volvo Cars att investera i en Just-In-Sequence strategi något som medför fördelar genom att frigöra viktig yta i fabriken men viktigaste av allt, genom att minska sina ledtider och sina resurskostnader.

M. Tech. Business Administration / The study focuses on the implementation of "Just-In-Time" (JIT) at Sabertek. JIT is a system aimed at manufacturing and supplying only the goods needed, when needed, and in the exact quantities needed, instantaneously, with perfect quality and minimum waste. The implementation of JIT principles at a South African manufacturing firm was investigated. Various methods and results from previous JIT implementations are being discussed and an overview of the latest developments is given. This study further contains a survey on the susceptibility of a South African manufacturing firm to JIT implementation. The purpose of the study is to verify the financial impact on a company's performance through waste reduction by implementing the JIT principle. The focus of the study is to compare the profit derived from a company's production line and the decrease of waste in a JIT line, to that of a non - JIT line.

published_or_final_version / Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Setup time reduction Is an essential activity used to prepare the facility for just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing; the aim oZ which Is to assist In meeting the desirable manufacturing requirements of delivering low cost quality products on time. (20) The Japanese have shown that setup reduction eliminates the need for setup skills and producing In large or "economic" lot sizes. (1 ) It is usually the case that preparation and adjustments, which usually account for 95% of the setup time, can be externalised or eliminated. (1) The overall production process should be examined before setup times are reduced on existing equipment. (2) Considerations Include group technology, setup sequencing, dedicated machines identifying bottlenecks (stated by OPT) and the 80/20 rule. A training programme should be initiated where setup reduction teams, consisting of production operators, setters, foremen line supervisors and production engineers, are educated in JIT manufacturing, the changing business environment and recording and analysis methods. (31) A theoretical approach to setup reduction has been formulated by Shlgeo Shlngo. (1) During the preliminary stage Internal and external setup are not distinguished, therefore this stage involves a work/time study of the existing setup and activity categorisation. From this, potential externallsatlon or elimination of setup operations can be determined. The first stage of setup reduction involves separating internal and external operations. During this stage tooling organisation and pre-preperation activities are converted to external operations. The second stage of setup reduction involves converting internal to external setup. A simple Pareto analysis is conducted to determine time consuming activities, which are then tackled first. This stage includes equipment modification, standardisation of procedures, parallel operations and elimination of adjustments. The third stage involves streamlining setup operations by improving operations and initiating setup practise sessions. All ideas should be documented and implemented immediately. Setups should be kept in mind when buying new equipment, however it is usually more beneficial to modify existing equipment in-house. (4) Setup reduction costs are low at first for large time reductions, but costs become high yielding small returns during the final stages of the programme. (31) It may be beneficial to introduce an incentive scheme where members of setup teams receive recognition and a financial reward for implemented ideas. (34) A setup reduction programme was implemented at Viro Looks, the aim of which was to illustrate the theoretical approach to setup reduction. Setups were reduced here on a transfer machine by 67%, 60% time savings being achieved at low/no cost. A survey was performed involving 18 leading JIT companies, where it was found that the majority (14 companies) have initiated a setup reduction programme. However many of these companies have only limited experience in setup reduction and, according to the survey, require 4-6 years to reach the final stages of setup reduction.

This event is part of an ongoing conversation series in which women's issues and concerns are addressed in regards to religion and the church. In this conversation, both male and female parents discussed their faith and handing on this Catholic faith to their children. They discussed their desire to share the Catholic traditions that model inclusiveness and justice with their children. / Panelists: Jane Regan, Associate Professor, Boston College Institute of Religious Education and Pastoral Ministry; Karen Kennedy, Director, Boston College Urban Catholic Teaching Corps; Daniel P. Leahy, Co-Director, Office of Service and Spirituality, Boston College Alumni Association / Heights Room, Corcoran Commons

Redan tidigt uppstod etiska och trosmässiga dilemman bland de kristna kring hur Jesu budskap, likt t. ex. Bergspredikan, ordagrant skulle tolkas och efterlevas. Även i andra texter och utsagor har dessa frågeställningar periodvis aktualiserats, och under olika skeenden problematiseras under historiens gång. Frågor som kommer behandlas är hur man ställer sig till utsagor om fred och våld / ickevåld. Vilka föreställningar rent generellt finner vi i antikens tankevärld, judendomen, tiden runt Jesus, och den första tidens kyrka fram till reformationen, och hur förstår vi temat idag? I vilken utsträckning tillåter källan, d.v.s. de utvalda bibeltexterna att man får använda våld, och vilken funktion fyller det i sådant fall, och i vilken utsträckning får det användas? I samband med detta kommer frågor kring legitimitet att diskuteras, samt belysa förhållningssätt till olika former av överhet och auktoritet. / Ethical and faith-related dilemmas arose early among Christians concerning the message of Jesus, for example in the Sermon on the Mount, and how it should be literally interpreted and enforced. In other texts and statements, these issues were periodically brought up, and under varying circumstances problematized throughout history. Questions that will be addressed are how one relates to statements about peace and violence / nonviolence. Which concepts are generally found in the world of thought of antiquity, Judaism, the time of Jesus, and the early years of the church up until the reformation, and how do we understand the topics today? To what extent does the source allow, i. e. the selected Bible texts, that you may use force, and what function does it fulfill in such a case, and to what extent can it be used? Examining this, questions about the legitimacy will be discussed, and illustrate different approaches to authorities and authority.