Submitted by PPG Direito (ppgdir@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-16T16:52:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CL?VIS_JOS?_ CERETTA_DIS.pdf: 1762687 bytes, checksum: 49440bb5a811eb84e0eb879cf2b942f0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-21T13:46:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CL?VIS_JOS?_ CERETTA_DIS.pdf: 1762687 bytes, checksum: 49440bb5a811eb84e0eb879cf2b942f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-21T13:48:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CL?VIS_JOS?_ CERETTA_DIS.pdf: 1762687 bytes, checksum: 49440bb5a811eb84e0eb879cf2b942f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / This research paper aims at showing the main controversies which are present such in the doctrine as in the homeland jurisprudence: when it comes to the possibility of applying the ability to pay principle in secondary taxes and in other sorts of taxation. At the beginning, there will be an approach about the taxes appearance as a way of conveying means to sponsor the expenses needed to maintain the social group organized. In this regard, there will be shown some theories that try to demonstrate which is the rightful form in the sharing of the tax burden among individuals. As it follows, this paper will present the historical evolution of the ability to pay principle, such as in the comparative law as in the national planning law, mainly in regards with its estimation in our constitutional texts. We will be paying close attention to the ambiguous way this principle was stablished in the 145 article ?1? of the Federal Constitution of 1988, leading to some deep discussion - frequent nowadays - related to its possibility of being applied in many sorts of taxes in our constitutional taxation system, but not only in taxes as it is said in our constitutional system. We will be carrying out a relatively thorough examination on the possibility of applying the principle to each kind of taxation, referring to many theoretical chains about it, plus transcription and comments from decisions taken by the Supreme Federal Tribunal in the occasions it was summoned to decide upon the issue. We will be also analysing how to apply the principle of the ability to pay in the secondary taxes, because over these taxations we cannot assess, at the moment of the tax burden, the possibility of contributing from the one who is supporting the tax burden, the final consumer. Ultimately, we will be conveying a brief comment on how to apply the principle of the ability to pay in the jurisprudence of many countries, namely Spain, Italy and Germany. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal real?ar as grandes controv?rsias existentes, tanto na doutrina como na jurisprud?ncia p?trias, a respeito da possibilidade da aplica??o do princ?pio da capacidade contributiva nas diversas esp?cies tribut?rias. Para tanto, inicialmente ? feita uma abordagem a respeito do surgimento da tributa??o como forma de propiciar meios para o financiamento dos gastos necess?rios para manuten??o do grupo social organizado. Nesse sentido, s?o apresentas algumas teorias que tentaram demonstrar qual a forma mais justa na reparti??o da carga fiscal entre os indiv?duos. Em continuidade, apresenta-se a evolu??o hist?rica do princ?pio da capacidade contributiva, tanto no direito comparado, como no ordenamento jur?dico nacional, especialmente quanto ? sua previs?o nos nossos diversos textos constitucionais. Dar-se-? especial aten??o ? forma amb?gua como esse princ?pio foi positivado no art. 145, ?1? da Constitui??o Federal de 1988, o que ocasionou profundas discuss?es, que at? hoje persistem, relativamente ? possiblidade de sua aplica??o nos mais diversos tributos do nosso sistema constitucional tribut?rio, e n?o apenas aos impostos como consta na reda??o desse dispositivo constitucional. Assim sendo, far-se-? uma an?lise bastante minuciosa relativamente ? possibilidade da aplica??o do princ?pio a cada esp?cie tribut?ria, com a refer?ncia ?s mais variadas correntes e posi??es doutrin?rias a respeito, e com a transcri??o e coment?rio de in?meras decis?es proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal nas ocasi?es em que foi chamado a decidir sobre o assunto. Tamb?m ser? dado um olhar especial a respeito da possibilidade da aplica??o do princ?pio da capacidade contributiva nos impostos indiretos, haja vista que nesses tributos n?o h? como avaliar, no momento da imposi??o do ?nus tribut?rio, a capacidade de contribuir daquele que vai efetivamente suportar a carga fiscal, o consumidor final. Por fim, far-se-? um breve coment?rio a respeito da aplica??o do princ?pio da capacidade contributiva na jurisprud?ncia de v?rios pa?ses, especialmente na Espanha, It?lia e Alemanha.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-06-02T14:59:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSenneCaponeDissertacaoParcial2014.pdf: 1994575 bytes, checksum: 2d2e3ae518537731844fb9595bc1bd3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-06-02T14:59:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSenneCaponeDissertacaoParcial2014.pdf: 1994575 bytes, checksum: 2d2e3ae518537731844fb9595bc1bd3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T14:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSenneCaponeDissertacaoParcial2014.pdf: 1994575 bytes, checksum: 2d2e3ae518537731844fb9595bc1bd3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-18 / The present dissertation is about International Tax Competition and its harmful effects, the role of International Organizations such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ??? OECD and the Organized Civil Society in the fight against the damaging impacts of this international phenomenon. In a globalized era where technology plays a significant role, with the mobility of capital and the easy flow of investments, many tax systems are structured to offer benefits for non-resident investors, ???poaching??? other countries??? tax bases. The effects of these advantages offered are mostly harmful, since most taxpayers that take advantage of these harmful tax reducing schemes continue to utilize a particular country???s structure and the public services it offers, but end paying low or no taxes in these jurisdictions. The effects of these malpractices are very damaging to the global tax system, resulting in erosion that impairs the countries??? financial health and in many cases, it can also impact several countries??? social policies once they end up collecting fewer taxes that they should. These non-collected taxes could be invested in social programs to combat usual problems such as hunger, poor public health systems, security, education, and many others. And that is why the international community is discussing and researching this phenomenon trying to find ways that can lead to a harmonization of the international tax scenario, especially when the subject is harmful tax competition and its damaging effects. But not only Governments and International Organisms are involved in this cause. The Civil Society, through its organizations, has been working on these issues looking for better tax practices, normally directing more of their attention to the situation of poorer countries, since they have more difficulties in addressing these issues due to their lack of resources both to fight the harmful tax competition and to research solutions for it. One of the most active Civil Society???s Organization is the Tax Justice Network, which plays a significant in studying and publishing impactful reports on how the harmful tax practices affects countries??? economies, in an effort to achieve tax justice and fairness at a global level, alongside to dozens of others Civil Society???s Organizations spread around the World. / A presente disserta????o trata sobre a concorr??ncia tribut??ria internacional e os seus efeitos prejudiciais, o papel de Organiza????es Internacionais como a Organiza????o para a Coopera????o e Desenvolvimento Econ??mico ??? OCDE e da sociedade civil organizada no combate aos efeitos prejudiciais desse fen??meno internacional. Numa era globalizada, onde a tecnologia possui grande destaque e com a mobilidade do capital e do facilitado fluxo de investimentos, muitos sistemas tribut??rios s??o estruturados para oferecer benef??cios para investidores n??o-residentes, prejudicando a base tribut??ria de outros pa??ses. Os efeitos desses benef??cios oferecidos s??o na sua grande maioria prejudiciais, vez que a maioria dos contribuintes que tiram vantagem desses esquemas prejudiciais de redu????o de tributos continuam a se utilizar da estrutura e servi??os p??blicos do pa??s no qual se encontram, por??m, pagando poucos ou at?? mesmo nada a t??tulo de tributos nessas jurisdi????es. Os efeitos dessas pr??ticas s??o demasiadamente prejudiciais para o sistema tribut??rio global, resultando em eros??es nas bases tribut??rias, prejudicando a sa??de financeira dos pa??ses e, em muitos casos, prejudicando tamb??m a agenda social do pa??s, vez que os mesmos acabam por coletar menos impostos, que por sua vez poderiam ser reinvestidos em programas sociais para combater problemas b??sicos como a fome, sa??de p??blica, seguran??a, educa????o etc. E ?? por isso que a comunidade internacional est?? discutindo e pesquisando esse fen??meno, com o fim de encontrar caminhos que possam levar ?? harmoniza????o do cen??rio tribut??rio internacional, em especial quanto ?? competi????o tribut??ria prejudicial e os seus efeitos danosos. Mas n??o s??o s?? os pa??ses e Organiza????es Internacionais que est??o envolvidos nessa causa. A sociedade civil organizada, tamb??m conhecida como terceiro setor, atrav??s das suas organiza????es, est?? engajada na busca de melhores pr??ticas tribut??rias, normalmente direcionando a sua aten????o a quest??es ligadas aos pa??ses mais pobres, devido a falta de recursos para combater a competi????o tribut??ria prejudicial e pesquisar formas de solucion??-la. Uma das organiza????es da sociedade civil mais ativas ?? a ???Tax Justice Network???, destacando-se no estudo e publica????o de impactantes relat??rios que mostram como as pr??ticas tribut??rias prejudiciais afetam a economia dos pa??ses, de forma a alcan??ar justi??a fiscal e justi??a a um n??vel global, ao lado de dezenas de outras organiza????es da sociedade civil espalhadas ao redor do globo.