103 Summary This diploma thesis is focused on development of the game keeping law from the second half of the eighteenth century till the twentieth century. In the first part of the thesis, in order to provide a comprehensive view on the given issue, a summary of legal development of game keeping law before the year 1754 is outlined, including the oldest legal sources, beginning with "honební regál" issued by Boleslav I. and others. The period of the Thirty Years' War, during which a large downsizing of game ocurred, consequently servingas a basis for "Hunting order" issued by Ferdinand III. on 14th December 1641, prohibiting hunting for three following years and implementing a lot of protective measures, was not omitted. That part of this thesis demonstrates how the contents of gaming is subject to changes over time. At first, gaming was viewed as a sovereign's privilege, afterwards also aristocracy got to enjoy it. Later on, gaming began to include breeding and protection of game itself as well. The major part of the thesis is dedicated to modern laws. Firstly, game keeping law from the government period of Marie Therese and her son Joseph II. is introduced. During these times gaming was subject to economic needs of the monarchy and dangle downsizing of game took place again. Subsequently the attention is...

iv Abstract This research report compares what occupational therapists working at schools for learners with special educational needs (LSEN) think is important to record with what is recorded in the learners' occupational therapy files. Six clinical occupational therapists completed a questionnaire by grading items according to their level of importance in maintaining occupational therapy records. The researcher did an audit on 76 learners' occupational therapy files at four LSEN schools. The results indicated a vast discrepancy between what the occupational therapist viewed as important and what was actually recorded in the learners' files. The occupational therapists viewed most items as being very important to record (84.2%), yet the items were seldom recorded in the learners' files (33.3%). The researcher used the results to develop an adjusted checklist that could be used by occupational therapists at LSEN schools to audit their own records and as a guideline for record keeping.

This report is a preliminary exploration of the issues concerning traditional media and weblogs at two points in time. It examines the difference between the American mainstream media’s utilisation of weblogs during the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, and the utilisation of weblogs in the hurricane Katrina disaster in 2005. The mainstream media’s response to the weblog form during the attacks in September 2001 and the hurricane Katrina disaster in 2005 are examined, together with an exploration of the traditional coverage. It reveals how weblogs have become a more significant part of disaster coverage by mainstream media in the United States. These processes and the implications of these changes are explored for an understanding of how the weblog is altering our understanding of the construction and dissemination of news for the traditional media institution in the United States.

Thesis (MBA.) --University of Limpopo, 2016 / This study mainly focuses on the negative factors that are affecting sound financial practices in the Greater Letaba Local municipality. Greater Letaba municipality fails to achieve a clean audit opinion because of a number of negative factors that affect its sound financial management practices. The municipality partially adheres to financial management policies and legislation which underpin good financial management practices, for example the Auditor General South Africa’s (AGSA) report reflects no adherence to Supply Chain Management (SCM) regulations and also to GRAP standards. These factors include poor record keeping, lack of accountability, none compliance to legislations and poor financial management activities and practices. Audit opinions are either regressing or remaining unchanged and a clean audit is still not achievable at this stage. The municipality’s audit opinion did not change in the past two financial years. The audit opinion remained qualified.The study employed a qualitative research approach whereby interviews wereconducted with Letaba Municipal Officials that are directly involved in financial management practices to collect data. Data were also collected through review of relevant and current literature in the topic under investigation. One of the major findings of the study is that there are a number of vacancies in the critical positions such as in the finance department. The other finding is that the employees do not implement the sound management practices that they are trained for.Therefore, this study recommends that strategies for effective financial management practices should be developed and implemented at Letaba Municipality. Furthermore it investigates the negative factors that are affecting sound financial management in the municipality.

Le conflit somalien est probablement le seul conflit d’ordre interne qui a mis à rude épreuve le système de sécurité collective de la Charte des Nations Unies. Celui-ci éclate en 1991 à un moment clé de l’histoire politique des relations internationales. C’est la fin de la Guerre froide et pour l’Organisation universelle de l’ONU, longtemps paralysée par les vetos de deux Grands, c’est l’avènement d’une nouvelle ère pour la mise en oeuvre des principes énoncés dans la Charte des Nations Unies. Occupant le long de la façade maritime de la Corne d’Afrique, la Somalie de Siad Barré alignée sur l’idéologie soviétique ne survit pas à l’émiettement de ce bloc. S’ensuit un conflit civil, sanglant et fratricide presqu’à huit clos. Confrontée à la complexité du conflit somalien et à l’échec des premières tentatives de règlement pacifique, l’Organisation mondiale dégaine sa doctrine de maintien de la paix. Ainsi en l’espace de trois ans (1992-1995), le Conseil de sécurité autorise le déploiement de trois missions de l’ONU en Somalie : une opération classique de maintien de la paix (ONUSOM), une opération de maintien de la paix robuste (UNITAF) et une opération d’imposition de la paix (ONUSOM II). Toutes se soldent par un échec sans appel, obligeant les Casques bleus de l’ONU à opérer un repli sous protection armée alors que le conflit n’a toujours pas trouvé une quelconque issue. L’intérêt de cette étude est de mettre en lumière le paradigme de l’intervention des Nations Unies. Comment un simple conflit interétatique a-t-il pu mettre en échec les principes du droit international de la Charte des Nations Unies ? D’autant plus que les solutions proposées ont fait l’objet d’un traitement consensuel de la part de tous les membres du Conseil de sécurité qui ont entériné à l’unanimité les résolutions adoptées ? Il convient également de mettre l’accent sur l’engagement en dents de scie de l’Organisation des Nations Unies à compter de 1995. Un désengagement qui laisse le champ libre aux organismes régionaux de l’UA et de l’IGAD d’entreprendre des nouvelles tentatives de réconciliation nationale. L’explosion des actes de piraterie le long des côtes somaliennes donne l’occasion à l’ONU d’opérer un retour sur ce conflit aux relents lointains. Mais il s’agit d’un retour mesuré qui exclut derechef l’emploi de la coercition militaire. S’engageant désormais dans diverses activités de consolidation de la paix, l’ONU abandonne le terrain dangereux du maintien de la paix malgré le fait que le conflit somalien constitue toujours une menace pour la paix et la sécurité internationales. En vertu du principe de subsidiarité, l’AMISOM, l’opération de maintien de la paix de l’UA en Somalie présente depuis 2007 est la seule force habilitée à recourir à la force armée. Entre espoir et désillusions, la force de paix africaine, bien que sous-dimensionnée doit accomplir des missions de plus en plus élargies pour restaurer la paix et la sécurité dans le pays. / The Somali conflict is probably the only internal conflict that has subjected to a tremendous ordeal the collective security system of the United Nations Charter. It breaks out in 1991 at a key moment in the history of the international relations policy. However with the end of the Cold War, it is the beginning of a new era for the UN Universal Organization, long paralyzed by the vetoes of two Great for the effective purpose of the principles set out in the Charter of the United Nations. Occupying along the coastline of the Horn of Africa, Siad Barre's Somalia aligned with Soviet ideology does not survive the dissolution of this block. The result is the beginning of a civil, bloody and fratricidal conflict almost without any outside interference. Facing the complexity of Somalia conflict and the failure of the first attempts at a peaceful resolution, the World Organization engages its peacekeeping doctrine. Thus in the space of three years (1992-1995), the Security Council authorizes the deployment of three UN missions in Somalia: a classic peacekeeping operation (UNOSOM), a sturdy peacekeeping operation (UNITAF) and a peace enforcement operation (UNOSOM II). All of them result in an ineffective failure, forcing the UN peacekeepers to fall back under armed protection while the conflict has still not found a way out. The interest of this study is to highlight the paradigm of the intervention of the United Nations. How could a simple interstate conflict defeat the principles of international law of the United Nations Charter? Especially since the proposed solutions were the subject of consensual treatment by all the members of the Security Council who unanimously approved the resolutions adopted. There is also a need to focus on the United Nations' jagged commitment from 1995 onwards. A disengagement that give a free rein to the AU and IGAD regional organization to undertake new attempts at national reconciliation. The sudden increase of piracy along the Somali coast provides an opportunity for the United Nations to return to this distant conflict. But this is a measured return that once again excludes the use of military coercion. Now engaging in various peace building activities, the United Nations is abandoning the dangerous environment of peacekeeping despite the fact that the Somali conflict continues to pose a threat to international peace and security. In virtue of the principle of subsidiarity, AMISOM, the AU peacekeeping operation in Somalia since 2007 is the only force authorized to use armed force. Between hope and disillusionment, the African peacekeeping force, though undersized, must carry out more and more missions to restore peace and security in the country.

Nineteenth-Century Pets and the Politics of Touch examines texts of the era in which both humans and animals find empowerment at the point of physical encounter. I challenge contemporary perceptions of human-pet relationships as sweetly affectionate by focusing on touch. I uncover an earlier interest in the close reciprocal relationships between human and nonhuman animals, arguing that these nineteenth-century thinkers presented what I call a “politics of touch,” in which intimate and often jarring physical encounters allow for mutuality and autonomy. I first turn to Charlotte Brontë’s Shirley (1849) and protective violence, a condoned ferocity that frequently unites and guards pet and pet keeper against unwanted amorous intrusions, while also showcasing animal agency and the possibility of deviation from the pet keeper’s wishes. Brontë’s animals simultaneously preserve and rework the traditional form of the marriage plot, allowing for powerful animal-centric possibilities. In chapter 2, I analyze the affective maternal and erotic bonds between women and their pets in Olive Schreiner’s novels. While this touch was frequently seen by both protofeminists and people antagonistic to women’s rights as a cause for disdain because affection was supposedly misplaced, it is a crucial part of Schreiner’s feminist project in that it provides forms of maternity outside of the socially mandated wifehood and motherhood that Schreiner so resents for stripping women of their autonomy. For chapter 3, I seek to complicate readings of Count Fosco, the compelling villain of Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White (1860), to show the disquieting sympathy that privileges odd women and animals. Heeding Count Fosco shows that valuable sympathy is not a pretty picture of a lovely woman walking with her purebred dog, but rather the excessively grotesque images of an unattractive woman holding a dying dog in her arms and mice and birds erotically clamoring over a fat man’s body. The final chapter considers the violent sympathetic touch evidenced in the practice of mercifully killing grieving dogs in Frances Power Cobbe’s animal advocacy texts. I argue that Cobbe’s schema recognizes gender fluidity as she posits a feminized animal grief marked by excess, while she concurrently masculinizes human sympathy by making it violent through mercy killings that complicate our accepted understandings of nineteenth-century sentiment. In contrast to other scholars of nineteenth-century animal studies who look at how humans understand and treat animals, my focus on the reciprocity of human-animal touch keeps animals at the center of my analysis. I argue that nineteenth-century sympathetic and sentimental texts, often dismissed as trite or as creating distance between the sympathizing subject and object of sympathy, demonstrate theoretical and political complexity through representations of shockingly intimate touch. In doing so, Victorian writers anticipated and even transcended recent theoretical conversations in the field of feminist animal studies.

Small business family law firms generate jobs within the local community, but often fail because of suboptimal accounting strategies. A multiple case study was used to research the accounting strategies small business family law firm owners use to succeed in business beyond 5 years. The population for this study was three small business owners of family law firms located in West Chester, Pennsylvania. The small business family law firm owners had achieved and maintained profitability of their businesses for a minimum of 5 years. Financial literacy theory and the leadership skill model comprised the conceptual framework for this study. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews with the small business family law firm owners, a review of company documents, and field notes. Thematic analysis included data from face-to-face interviews, document collection, field notes, and current literature. Themes that emerged were (a) having or obtaining some formal accounting education, (b) working with an accounting professional, (c) categorizing expenses and using formal financial reporting, (d) developing and maintaining ethical standards of billing and unearned income, and (e) utilizing accounting software. Recommendations for action included investing in accounting courses and seeking professional assistance. Small business family law firm owners may apply these results to spend more time working with clients to increase income. Increasing the success of small business family law firm owners may contribute to positive social change by providing increased employment and economic health within communities.

<p>Many traffic accidents are caused by driver unawareness. This includes fatigue, drowsiness and distraction. In this thesis two systems are described that could be used to decrease the number of accidents. In the first part of this thesis a system using long-term information to warn drivers suffering from fatigue is developed. Three different versions with different criteria are evaluated. The systems are shown to handle more then 60% of the cases correctly.</p><p>The second part of this thesis examines the possibilities of developing a warning system based on the predicted time-to-lane crossing, TLC. A basic TLC model is implemented and evaluated. For short time periods before lane crossing this may offer adequate accuracy. However the accuracy is not good enough for the model to be used in a TLC based warning system to warn the driver of imminent lane departure.</p>

The increasing prevalence of allergic diseases in affluent societies has been associated with changes in microbial exposure early in life and a less diverse gut flora. The objective of this thesis was to assess the development of allergic sensitisation and symptoms during the first four years of life in a non-selected birth cohort in relation to environmental factors, family history, gut microbiota and salivary IgA antibodies. The cohort comprised all 1,228 infants living in a Swedish county who were born over a one-year period. The parents replied to questionnaires, and 817 children (67 %) were skin prick tested both at 1 and 4 years of age. Saliva (n=279), faecal (n=139) and blood (n=253) samples were collected at 1 year of age from children with a positive skin prick test at 1 year and from a sample of children with a negative skin prick test. Faecal samples were also obtained from 53 children at 4 years of age. Dog keeping during infancy was associated with a decreased risk of sensitisation to pollen and late-onset wheezing at age 4, and the reduced odds ratios persisted after adjustment for heredity and avoidance measures, OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9 and OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1.0, respectively. In contrast, early dog keeping was associated with an increased risk of earlyonset transient wheezing but only in children with parental asthma (OR 2,8, 95% CI 1.3-6.4). Levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in faeces were assessed both at 1 and 4 years of age and related to the development of sensitisation and symptoms. The levels of acetic (p&lt;.01) and propionic (p&lt;.01) acids decreased from one to four years of age, whereas valeric acid (p&lt;.001) increased which is in line with a more complex gut microbiota with age. Allergic children, compared with non-allergic children, had lower levels of i-butyric, i-valeric and valeric acid in faeces both at 1 and 4 years of age. Low levels of secretory IgA (SIgA) in saliva were associated with wheezing but only in sensitised children. In children with positive SPT to at least one allergen both at 1 and 4 years of age and in children with circulating IgE antibodies to egg or cat at one year of age, those who developed late-onset wheezing had lower levels of SIgA than those who did not, p=.04 and p=.02 respectively. Of 9 children with levels of SIgA in the upper quartile and persistent sensitisation, none developed wheezing, compared with 10/20 children with lower levels, (p=. 01). Having older siblings, more than three infections during infancy, at least one smoking parent and male gender were all associated with high levels (in the upper quartile) of total IgA and SIgA. The findings in this thesis indicate that the microbial load early in life could affect the development of allergy. A functional assessment of the gut flora demonstrated differences between allergic and non-allergic children both at 1 and 4 years of age. Salivary IgA was associated with infections during infancy, and high levels of secretory IgA protected from symptoms in sensitised children. Finally, dog keeping in infancy may offer protection from allergy, but the mechanism is uncertain.

Many traffic accidents are caused by driver unawareness. This includes fatigue, drowsiness and distraction. In this thesis two systems are described that could be used to decrease the number of accidents. In the first part of this thesis a system using long-term information to warn drivers suffering from fatigue is developed. Three different versions with different criteria are evaluated. The systems are shown to handle more then 60% of the cases correctly. The second part of this thesis examines the possibilities of developing a warning system based on the predicted time-to-lane crossing, TLC. A basic TLC model is implemented and evaluated. For short time periods before lane crossing this may offer adequate accuracy. However the accuracy is not good enough for the model to be used in a TLC based warning system to warn the driver of imminent lane departure.