Graduation date: 1994

Mammoth Cave National Park (MCNP) contains a diversity of forest types due to a complex mosaic of landform, rock types and land-use history. The point-centered quarter method was used to collect data for a forested vegetation classification. Stratified random sampling was done in each of the various site types found within the boundaries of MCNP. A classification based on the information available in the matrix of species importance values from each site type was constructed using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis was used to devise an automated vegetation mapping model that can be used to predict vegetation from environmental variables. A tool to assess the accuracy of model predictions was devised. The predicted vegetation map was stored within the GIS, and allows access to a variety of data associated with inventored, classifed, and predicted plant community types. / Department of Biology

The objective of the study was to augment important findings from a 1996 statewide survey of Indiana pharmacists regarding their opinions and practices related to the sale of cigarettes and alcohol in pharmacies. More specifically, this study was designed (1) to determine opinions and practices of Kentucky pharmacists' related to the sale of cigarettes and alcohol; (2) compare these findings with results from the Indiana study; and (3) to gather information on health promotion activities by Kentucky pharmacists. A structured survey questionnaire was designed and reviewed by a jury of experts and subsequently administered to half of the 1182 pharmacies in Kentucky. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.Findings reveal that 45% of responding pharmacists sell cigarettes in their stores although 88% think their stores should not sell cigarettes. Approximately 34% of pharmacies in non-dry counties sell alcoholic beverages while more than four-fifths of the pharmacists (81%) think pharmacies should not sell alcoholic beverages. After adjusting by type of pharmacy, no statistical difference was found in retail-chain pharmacy sales of cigarettes and alcohol in either Kentucky or Indiana. However, independent pharmacies in Kentucky were less likely to sell cigarettes and alcohol compared to independent Indiana pharmacies. Study results also revealed that most pharmacists agree the use of cigarettes and alcohol are important causes of morbidity and pre-mature mortality and that pharmacists should play a role in health promotion and disease prevention through their relationship with the public. / Department of Physiology and Health Science

Photocopy of typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

LD2668 .T4 1940 B68 / Master of Science

This study examines the concept of local food and the discourses surrounding the concept, both of which have played a significant role during Kentuckys agricultural restructuring. Since the mid-1990s, Kentucky farmers who were dependent on tobacco production began to struggle financially after the substantial reduction of quota allotments, and they were encouraged to diversify their agricultural production. Subsequently, practices of producing, marketing, and consuming locally-grown food were implemented. Drawing primarily on qualitative data, this study investigates the meanings of Kentuckys local food discourse development in four dimensions: 1) the political economy of tobacco production and the structural change of Kentuckys agriculture; 2) the role of diverse actors who prompted the adoption of local food; 3) the construction of local scale and micro-scale politics for marketing local food at farmers markets; and 4) the symbolization of local food at county food-related festivals. Kentuckys tobacco production declined not only because of the national anti-tobacco movement, but also because of a constellation of causes including the influence of a free-trade ideology that decreased American burleys competitiveness with global markets, and the increase of part-time farmers that led local tobacco farms to struggle with labor shortages and meeting production demands. Farmers opposition to tobacco controls and their discourses were transformed to attract supporting small food-producing farms, which ultimately merged with societal interests in the production and the consumption of local food. Commoditized local brands at increased direct-sale venues such as farmers markets, however, became political entities as regulations and surveillance were required to maintain their definition of local food. Semiotic interpretation of county food-related festivals in Kentucky shows changes in how people attach their place-identities to agricultural products and how they understand local food. Although the distribution of venues is spatially uneven, the production and the consumption of local food have gradually been adopted throughout Kentuckys landscape over the last decade. To maintain the success of localized markets, this study proposes three potential requirements: 1) the credibility of and the transparency for understanding local food; 2) the resource investment to support future producers; and 3) the expanding adoption of community food security ideals.

A long-term forest monitoring program was initiated at Mammoth Cave National Park (MCNP). The objectives of this project were to establish baseline data on the representative forest community types at MCNP based on dominant tree species. Permanent monitoring plots were established in different forest community types throughout the park. A total of 32 permanent plots were established for a combined sample area of 11.4 hectares. All stems larger than 5 cm dbh were measured and mapped within each permanent plot. Data on saplings were also collected. Distributions and abundances were determined for all species in permanent plots and combined for community type summaries. Stand tables were generated for four stem diameter size categories for each permanent plot. Stand analyses included calculation of values for species in four size categories.The results describe the forests of MCNP in various stages of succession. There is a trend toward increasing dominance of shade tolerant species in several of the community types. Species composition is in transition from the dry site, shade intolerant species in the canopy to shade tolerant species in the understory. Corpus f lorida, Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, and Acer rubrum are prominent species in the understory and sapling layers. Early successional species continue to dominate heavily or recently disturbed locations on karst and dry upland sites. Juniperus virginiana is the dominant species in three of the seven community types sampled. The Hemlock and Beech-Maple Communities, Community Types II and VIII, appear to be maintaining their present species compositions and community structures. These are successionally "mature" forests, and include some of the most ecologically important areas of the park. However, Betula alleghaniensis is not reproducing in the Hemlock ravines community type, the only sites where this species occurs. Ailanthus altissima, an invasive exotic tree, was found in several of the areas sampled. / Department of Biology

Immature Orconectes immunis were obtained from Michigan in August, 1973, and July 1974 to determine the effects of photoperiod and temperature on the molt cycle of the crayfish and to test the effects of preconditioning on this species at a cold (7C) temperature from 45 to 90 days. Two sets of 3 experiments were conducted, each involving photoperiod, temperature and preconditioning. The first experiment of each set was initiated within a day after bringing the animals from the field, the subsequent two experiments of each set being initiated at 45-day intervals thereafter. There were significant responses to photoperiod among the experimental animals; however, these positive responses were from large animals (17 mm+). Small animals (less than 17 mm) did not respond to photoperiod. Combined experimental analyses indicated a highly significant (.01) positive linear relationship between temperature and molt frequency and photoperiod and molt frequency. Larger animals (19.0-24.9 mm CT) exhibited a more definite photoperiod response than smaller animals (13.4-18.9 mm CT). At 14 C 64.9%, at 18 C 45.8% and at 22 C 17.4% of the animals formed gastroliths but did not molt. Data relating to feeding, effects of temperature on molting and gastrolith formation suggest that either premolt was prolonged or that molting was inhibited by cold temperature.

The literature cited points to an increase in sexual permissiveness among females which may be a function of their need for approval. It was hypothesized that there is a relationship between need for approval and sexual liberalism. In addition, several other aspects of female sexual attitudes and their relationship to need for approval were examined in the present study. Specifically, need for approval was hypothesized to be related to sexual satisfaction, sexual libido (drive), and sexual prudishness. In order to establish the relationship between need for approval and aspects of female sexuality the effects of religiosity must be considered. Previous studies cited in the literature indicate that religiosity is an important covariate in relation to sexual attitudes and behaviors (Cardwell, 1969; Deadman, 1959; Heltsley & Broderick, 1969; Kinsey, 1953). Therefore, the above hypotheses were investigated statistically controlling for the effects of religiosity.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative predictive efficiency of the WISC-R deviation IQ’s and the WISC-R factor scores in predicting academic achievement. Eighty-nine lower-middle to lower class fifth grade students were administered the WISC-R and the Stanford Achievement Test. WISC-R-IQ’s and WISC-R complete estimation factor scores were calculated for each student. Product Moment Correlations were calculated between the SAT stanines and the WISC-R factor scores. Of all of the predictor variable, the Verbal IQ was the most efficient. The results also indicated that two of the WISC-R factor variables. Verbal Comprehension and Freedom from Distractibility, were generally as efficient predictors as the Verbal IQ for math, spelling, reading, and total achievement. The Perceptual Organization factor variable did not prove to be as efficient as the Verbal IQ as a predictor of academic achievement. The relative predictive efficiency of the variable was determined by rank-ordering the validity coefficient from highest to lowest within each achievement area. The highest validity coefficient was used as a reference point from which the magnitude of the difference between it and the remaining coefficients was estimated. In general, the results yielded preliminary evidence that the WISC-R IQ’s were as efficient predictors of academic achievement as the WISC-R factor structure. For example, The Freedom from Distractibility variable has demonstrated promise as a non-intellective aspect of intelligence and achievement, and coupled with the Verbal IQ, could be used in a short form of the WISC-R for predicting academic achievement.