Mice undergoing a graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) exhibit a surppressed immune response. Cells responsible for this suppression have been found to be localized in the spleen. Thus, in this research, a study was made to evaluate the effect of spleen cells from F­1 mice undergoing a GVHR upon the humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytea (SRBC) in parental mice. An attempt was made to create an experimental model involving the transfer of suppressor cells in vivo. Parental BALB/c spleen cells were injected into (C57BL X BALB/c)F1 hybrids to induce a GVH disease. Ten or twenty days later, spleen cells from the F1 hybrids were transferred to adult BALB/c mice. The adult BALB/c mice were subsequently inoculated with SRBC and their antibody response to the SRBC were followed. The resulting data indicate that BALB/c mice injected with spleen cells from F1 hybrids undergoing a CVHR for 10 days and then challenged with SRBC exhibited a significantly lower than normal antibody response to the antigen than did the controls. However, the transfer of suppression was not successful in BALB/c mice that received spleen cells from F1 mice that had a 20 day long CVHR.

A questionnaire-made up of a portion of the Shepard-Crawford Social Referent Scale, the Willoughby Schedule, and a student information form – was developed to ascertain whether or not the level of alienation differed in students seeking associate degrees from those students seeking baccalaureate degrees in the College of Business and Public Affairs at Western Kentucky University. The instrument was administered to 453 students enrolled in classes required to complete an association degree program in the College of Business and Public Affairs at Western Kentucky University. The statistical results for this study were computed by resources available at Western Kentucky University through Academic Computing and Research Services and the use of the Kentucky Educational Computer Network. The program package accessed was the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) using the t-test and frequency procedure. The variables utilized to investigate the relationships that exist between the feelings of alienation by associate degree students and the associate-baccalaureate student mix in the classroom were: the first year associate degree student and the second year associate degree student; the first year associate degree student and the first year baccalaureate degree student; the second year associate degree student and the second year baccalaureate degree student. The study developed no significant differences in feelings of alienation in associate degree students although mean scores did indicate a slight trend toward a higher level of alienation developing in associate degree students.

The effect of evaluative feedback on the simple motor performance of young males of varying levels of adaptive behavior was examined. Subjects were 50 male Caucasians (6.0 to 8.5 years of age) randomly assigned to either a praise, criticism, or control condition. Subjects participated in a motor task twice (pretest, posttest). After the first trial of the task (pretest), subjects received either positive evaluative feedback (praise), negative evaluative feedback (criticism), or were asked for biographical information (neutral). The second trial of the task immediately followed feedback. The adaptive behavior level of each subject was determined in a subsequent interview with the mother using the Adaptive Behavior Inventory for Children (ABIC). Multiple regression analysis was performed on the data with pretest score as the covariate. Only one significant effect emerged, a positive relationship between adaptive behavior and posttest performance under praise.

The relationship between levels of self-acceptance and acceptance of others and the liberality of attitudes toward the roles of women were studied in a highly restricted sample of 110 women teachers persuing graduate course work at Western Kentucky University. An analysis of variance indicated no significant differences in te liberality of attitudes in women with high and low levels of either self-acceptance or acceptance of others or in the interaction of the two independent variables. Since some assumptions underlying the analysis of variances procedure were not met and a trend appeared present in the results, a post hoc analysis of the data was performed. This analysis consisted of a step wise multiple regression and indicated that a small but significant proportion of the cariance in attitudes toward the roles of women was related to the independent variables. Level of acceptance of others uniquely accounted for a significant proportion of variance in these attitudes while level of self-acceptance uniquely accounted for a small and non-significant proportion of variance in liberality of attitudes toward he roles of women. The limitations of generalizing these results to larger and more varied populations were discussed in light or present criticism of sex role research.

The aim of this project was to examine age-related declines in the processing of spatial frequency information. Some current theories of spatial vision state that humans process high spatial frequency information separately or differently from low spatial frequency information. There is also evidence that normal aging may affect the processing of some spatial frequencies more than others. Specifically, it has been proposed that older adults have deficits in their ability to process low spatial frequency information, and that older adults process visual information more slowly in general than young adults. Eight observers in each of three age groups were tested on a localization task. The spatial frequency content of distractors presented in the visual field was varied along with speed of presentation and clarity of the display. A progressive loss in the extent of the functional visual field was demonstrated. Results were consistent with the position that older adults experience declines in their ability to process temporal information, and that older adults do process visual information at a slower rate than young adults.

This study investigated the relationship between clinical depression and college GPA, which has been shown to be directly related to college student attrition. Scores on the Depression scale of the MMPI (MMPI-D) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were collected from 33 students on academic probation (AP) and 36 students in good standing (GS). All scores were standardized and the mean of the standardized scores on both inventories was computed for each subject. The AP and GS group means were compared using the t-test on the raw scores of both inventories as well as the means of the standardized scores. Mean differences were non-significant on the MMPI-D t (67) + 1.5918595, p>.05 and on the means of the standardized scores z=1.2804, p>.05. The mean difference on the BDI raw scores was significant, t (67)= 2.2398966, p<.05, but this t-value may be spuriously high due to low within-group variance. Pearson-product moment correlational were computed between BDI scores and GPA (R=.0011) and between the MMPI-D scores and GPA (r=.0018). These correlational indices clarify the absence of a relationship between GPA and clinical depression. These results supported a failure to reject the full hypothesis that there is no relationship between clinical depression and college achievement. It was concluded that the common pattern of response of students placed on academic probation should not be characterized as psychological depression.

An instrumental avoidance conditioning task was used to test Eysenck’s theory of personality and conditioning, which is based upon levels of cortical inhibition and expectation, characteristic of extraverts and introverts. Based upon Eysneck’s theoretical stance, it was hypothesized that introverts would condition more effectively than extraverts. Several criteria defined by Eysenck Personality Inventory was administered to 125 undergraduates at Western Kentucky University for purposes of separating personally types into classification groups of extraverts, introverts, and ambiverts. Thirty-six subjects were presented a series of 48 index cards on which were typed for pronouns and three verbs of neutral impression level. Each subject was asked to say aloud a sentence for each card using any one of the pronouns and any one of the verbs. A noxious buzzer was sounded after every other time a subject used either “they” or “we” in a sentence. These were considered “incorrect” sentences, while sentences using other “I” or “you” were considered “correct,” and when used, indicated conditioning had taken place. The results showed no significant differences in ability to condition between the three groups, thus rejecting the hypothesis under study. Several explanations were offered as to the reasons for introverts not showing greater conditioning than extraverts.

Historically, social interaction has played a central role in the development of personality constructs. How one sees himself, how others perceive him, and how these variables interact have played a core role in many theoretical systems. If the theoretical assumptions underlying the relationships between personality development and social interaction are true, then significant relationships should exist between sociometric measures of personality. This was the rationale surrounding the development of this study.

This study was designed to help answer the question: Do women with nontraditional attitudes toward the role of women in society obtain higher self-concept scores than women with more traditional attitudes toward the role of women? A second question was also investigated: Do women with non-traditional attitudes toward the role of women report that they behave more assertively than women with more traditional attitudes? One hundred and eighty-five undergraduate females were administered the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS), the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS), and the College Self-Expressions Scale (CSES). Subjects were included in one of the three experimental groups on the basis of their scores on the AWS. The traditional group was composed of 13 women whose AWS scores were 1.5 standard deviations or more below the AWS scores were 1.5 standard deviations or more below the AWS mean for the sample, the middle group was composed of 16 women whose AWS scores were within one point of the AWS mean for the sample: the nontraditional group was composed of 14 women whore AWS score were 1.5 standard deviations or more above the AWS mean for the sample. The data were analyzed by means of a Kruskal-Walls one-way analysis of variance by ranks test. Results indicated that there were no differences among the three experimental groups in self-concept scores. The data indicated, however, that there were differences among the groups in self-reported assertive behavior. It was concluded that although nontraditional women report that they behave more assertively than traditional women, the relationship between self-concept and attitudes toward women’s role is not clear. Several methodological problems were discussed

Plant pathologists have worked to some extent for many years in an attempt to describe the complete physiology of the organism responsible for pepper spot of clover, particularly as found on white clover (Trifolium repens, L.). These works have not been extensive or concentrated and at the present time, no definite conclusions have been reached. The causal agent of pepper spot of clover is Pseudoples trifolii (Rostr.). Pseudoples trifolii usually is found parasitizing clover in the early spring and continues throughout the spring until the temperature exceeds thirty degrees centigrade. Elliott established that Pseudoples trifolii will not produce infectious spores when the temperature is above thirty degrees centigrade. No evaluation has been accurately made to ascertain the exact losses sustained due to this disease; however, it is certain that the injury incited to the leaves of white clover by the pathogen would hinder the food manufacturing capabilities of the individual plants, thus rendering the plant incapable of full potential growth. Pseudoples trifolii is widespread in North America and England. In North America Pseudoples trifolii attacks both white clover and alfalfa (Nedicago sativa); however, in England the pathogen has only been described on white clover. Elliot ascertained that the infectious spores were able to remain viable throughout periods of freezing at a temperature of minus ten degrees centigrade, thus finding a method whereby infection could potentially occur in the spring following severe winters. It is the writer’s intention, in the following work, to critically study and evaluate previous investigations concerning the physiology of spore formation and ejection in Pseudeples trifolii.