The effects of air oxidation on coal may change many important attributes of the coal such as calorific values, solubilities and solvent swelling values. By studying the effects of air oxidation on the soluble portion of coal, we were able to study coal oxidation in a new light.

Spectral and kinetic studies made on CoPc over a concentration range of 1.72 x 10-6M – 1.00 x 10-5M in DMSO are consistent with a monomer-dimer equilibrium at 303 K. The dimerization constant obtained at 303 K is 1.67 x 104M-1 and is two to three orders of magnitude smaller than those of several tetrasulfonated metallophthalocyanines in aqueous solution. The rate constants for the formation and dissociation of the CoPc dimer in DMSO at 303 K are 1.29 x 102M-1s-1 and 7.20 x 10-3s-1, respectively. The low dimerization constant for CoPc in DMSO is attributed to its relatively slow rate of dimer formation. Introduction of cyanide, detergents, and salts to solutions of CoPc in DMSO all enhanced the dissociation of the CoPc dimer. Furthermore, both cyanide and the catonic detergent cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at concentrations of 6.0 x 10-2M and higher, facilitate oxidation of cobalt in CoPc. For cyanide, this is accomplished by destabilization of the metal eg electrons by back-bonding in the axial positions of CoPc while the CTAB detergent forms a micelle which encapsulates a CoPc monomer striping the dye of axial DMSO molecules in the process. Thus, oxygen can bind to the vacant axial positions on the metal. Kinetic studies of the interactions between cyanide and CoPc in DMSO show two fast reactions which are attributed to the addition of cyanide to the axial positions of CoPc. The rate constants for the addition of the first and second cyanide ligands to CoPc are 7.72 x 105M-1s-1 and 5.51 x 104M-1s-1, respectively, at 299 K. Activation parameters, ΔHs* and ΔSs* for the second cyanide addition are 9.9 kcal/mol and -4.0 e.u., respectively. Both additions are faster than the corresponding reactions with CoTSPc4- in DMSO. The three detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X-100, and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) dissociate the CoPc dimer more than by dilution with DMSO. Furthermore, Triton X-100 dissociates the CoPc dimer at about the same rate as CTAB while SDS is not as efficient at comparable concentrations to CTAB. The critical micelle concentration for the CTAB-DMSO system is reached at a CTAB concentration of 6.0 x 10-2M where the CoPc dimer dissociation rate nearly triples compared to solvent dilution and oxidation of the metal in CoPc is observed. The addition of tetraethylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium bromide and tetrabutylammonium bromide to CoPc in DMSO increases the dimer dissociation rate by a factor of two compared to dilution with DMSO. All salts dissociate the CoPc dimer at similar rates suggesting the hydrocarbon chain is of insufficient length to be as effective as CTAB. Finally, oxygen does not seem to effect the dissociation of the CoPc dimer in DMSO

To obtain the most complete picture of the Kentucky Resolutions, and the times which produced them, a careful study was made of contemporary newspapers for the period from March, 1798, to December, 1799.

A nitrogen laser was constructed for use in multiphoton ionization studies. The short pulse duration and highly intense pulse make the nitrogen laser ideal for pumping a dye laser. By using the nitrogen laser to pump a tunable dye laser, the multiphoton ionization spectrum for molecular iodine vapor was obtained for the visible spectrum between 23,188 cm-1 (430 nm) and 16, 304 cm-1 (615 nm) using pulsed electronics and a parallel plate ionization chamber. The ionization occurs in this region upon the absorption of four or five photons. The ionization appears to take place via a three-step process. The first photon excites the molecule to a resonant state which is one of the vibrational states of B3πo+u level. From this level, two photons are absorbed to a higher resonant level, and then ionization takes place when that higher excited state absorbs the one or two photons necessary for ionization.

A review of the research on spatial problem solving indicates that spatial problems can be solved using verbal or spatial strategies. Research on block designs further indicate that increased solving speed is correlated with increased left-handed use in right-handers. However, the effect of strategy teaching on hand involvement has not been explored. The present study selected 38 right-hand dominant college students low in spatial ability (Total Standard Score ≤ 95) using the matrices Analogies Test (Naglieri, 1985). Subjects were randomly assigned to a spatial, verbal, or no (control) strategy condition. After completing the pretest consisting of seven block designs based on Grote and Salmon (1986), subjects spent 20 minutes on strategy training and practice on 67 two-dimensional spatial figures taken from the Dental Aptitude Test (Rudman, 1988). The same block designs used during the pretest were used in the posttest. Results indicate no significant differences in performance between the control and the treatment groups. However, within-group analyses suggest that teaching either a spatial or verbal strategy may help subjects to improve in speed at least for the easier block designs.

Sixty-two male and femal 9-, 10- and 11-year olds were administered the Naglieri Draw-A-Person (DAP) and the Vocabulary and Block Design subtests fro mthe Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). The study was conducted to determine the effects of verbalizations during the DAP on correlations with an estimated Full Scale IQ Score obtained from the two WISC-R subtests. Results of the study indicate that although there was an increase in the correlations between the Verbal DAP group and the estimated Full Scale IQ Score, compared to the standard DAP and the Full Scale IQ, it was not significant. The difference between the mean scores on the Verbal DAP group and the Nonverbal DAP group was also nonsignificant. The overall correlations between the DAP and the estimated Full Scale IQ Scores showed no improvement from previous attempts to correlate standard intelligence tests with drawing tests. Further research is suggested to determine the effects of a larger sample size on a similar design.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 101 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-87).

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The main purpose of this research study was to investigate the perceived economic implications that broadband Internet has made on three small Kentucky cities. Perceptions were chosen to be studied, because it appears that perceptions, and not economic indicators, determined the economic viability of each Kentucky city that was researched.This study examined the perceptions of the association of broadband Internet to economic growth through a single-case study approach. Data were collected through multiple, semi-structured interviews with the city's municipal utility, economic development and workforce development sectors. Results from each city were then analyzed by coding and placing the data into themes that emerged from each city.One common theme that appeared throughout small cities in Kentucky was minimal collaboration between the different sectors (broadband Internet provider, Economic Development, and Workforce Development). Closely associated with this theme was a lack of communications between these same sectors in some of the cities. Finally, there was a lack of racial diversity within each city that discouraged innovative ideas and methods.Recommendations included using predictive analysis to plan and track economic development modeling and continue to develop the businesses and industries that are already established, instead of courting new business. Additional recommendations involve the development of a partnership between the municipal utility and private broadband Internet carriers, a relationship between the municipal utility and the rural cooperative, and establishing a technology committee that would include all broadband Internet providers, a economic development representative, a Workforce Development Representative, a city government representative, a county government representative, and a local small business representative. / Department of Educational Studies

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 1934. / Without thesis note. Bibliography: p. 282-288.