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The image of Marcel Duchamp as a brilliant but laconic dilettante has come to dominate the literature surrounding the artist’s life and work. His intellect and strategic brilliance were vaunted by his friends and contemporaries, and served as the basis of the mythology that has been coalescing around the artist and his work since before his death in 1968. Though few would challenge these attributions of intelligence, few have likewise considered the role that Duchamp’s prodigious mind played in bringing about the present state of his career. Many of the signal features of Duchamp’s artistic career: his avoidance of the commercial art market, his cultivation of patrons, his “retirement” from art and the secret creation and posthumous unveiling of his Étant Donnés: 1° la chute d’eau/2° le gaz d’éclairage, all played key roles in the development of the Duchampian mythos. Rather than treating Duchamp’s current art historical position as the fortuitous result of chance, this thesis attempts to examine the many and subtle ways in which Duchamp worked throughout his life to control how he and his work were and are perceived. Such an examination necessarily begins at the start of his relationship with the general and specialist media, through the auspices of his painting Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. This is followed by an examination of Duchamp’s decades-long relationship with the press through the interviews given during his life. Duchamp’s concern for his physical legacy is explored next, initially through his relationships with his two dominant patrons, Walter and Louise Arensberg and Katherine Dreier. Not only did he act as advisor and dealer in the development of both prestigious collections, Duchamp had the privileged position of participant in the negotiations surrounding the disposition of the collections he had helped to build. Duchamp’s concern for the preservation of his physical legacy continued after the installation of his own work within major American museums. Thus, next is considered the development and effects of the two large-scale retrospectives of Duchamp’s work held within his lifetime. Finally is considered the role of Duchamp’s posthumous work, the Étant Donnés. Through the combination of secrecy and strategically revealed hints, Duchamp ensured that his final work would engender discussion long after his death.

All big and important decisions come through analysis. The main aim of the analysis is to examine or investigate more complicated problems by decomposing them into simpler ones whereas we come to certain conclusions on the basis of a detailed recognition of particularities. This diploma thesis is dedicated to analytic tasks solving techniques in Business Intelligence which would describe and support the whole process of analysis, its needs and premises in real surrounding environment. During the project I cooperated with Clever Decision company and took part in the real project. This company deals with Business Intelligence solutions/applications development and this project is meant to set the method of how to treat the development of the solutions. My work consists in designing a template of BI analysis method which is a part of a complex technique. The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce my own method of Business Intelligence solution analysis, to introduce its basic components and common work instructions for this method. I reached my aim by analyzing documents and reports provided by Clever Decision company and other methods and suggestions. The main contribution of my diploma thesis is that the method works as a draft for assistance and standardizing the process of Business Intelligence solution analysis in Clever Decision company. This draft can nevertheless work as a basis for creating a wholly new method. My work consists of three parts. The first part, a theoretical one, deals with recapitulation of basic terms and methods I worked with. The second part represents properties, components and general working instructions for this method. It moreover presents main outputs, more precisely documents that are practical attachments to the method itself. The third part introduces the method itself including presentation of outputs/document drafts designed by me.

From the time of the unexpected discovery of the insulating nature of NiO by Verwey half a century ago, Oxide materials have continued to occupy the centre stage of condensed matter physics. The recent discovery of high temperature superconductivity in doped cuprates has given a new impetus to the study of the strongly correlated electron systems. Besides, the occurrence of Colossal Magneto-Resistance (CMR) in doped rare earth manganite has also created renewed interest in these rather old systems. Understanding of the rich and complex phase diagram of these materials and their sensitivity to small perturbations e.g. external magnetic field of a few Tesla, temperature, change in isotope etc. are of great theoretical interest and also these materials have many potential technological applications. A common feature of all these oxide materials is that the transition metal ions have partially filled d-shells. Unlike s and p-electrons which gives rise to hybridized Bloch states, the d-electrons retain their atomic nature in a solid. This gives rise to strong Coulomb interaction among d-electrons which may be comparable or more than its kinetic energy. The strong correlation effects are evident from the experimental fact that the undoped parent compounds are insulators rather than metals as suggested by band theory, which favours a metallic state for systems with one electron per unit cell since this gives rise to partially filled bands (and hence a metallic state). These insulators termed Mott insulators, arise solely due to strong electron-electron correlations as compared to the band insulators which arise due to complete filling of one electron bands thereby giving rise to a gap (band gap)in the excitation spectra. The delicate competition between the kinetic energy and the Coulomb energy for d-electrons is broadly responsible for the wide variety of phenomena like Mott metal-insulator transition (MIT), magnetic transitions, charge ordering, orbital ordering, ferro/antiferroelectricity, and most interestingly the observation of high Tc superconductivity in doped cuprates. In this thesis we will restrict our interest to one such class of oxide materials, namely the doped rare earth manganites. In Chapter 1 we give a brief overview of the structure and basic interactions present in the doped manganites. Also, in the same Chapter we give a brief introduction to the phenomenology of manganites, particularly its phase diagram in the doping and temperature plane and various experimental features, e.g. the wide variety of phase transitions and phenomena particularly the observation of CMR, charge ordering and incipient meso-scale phase separations etc.. Then we briefly introduce a recently proposed microscopic model which is believed to be a minimal model which, for the first time, includes the three most important interactions present in the manganites namely the following -1)coupling of the orbitally degenerate eg electrons to local lattice distortions of Jahn-Teller type which gives rise to two species of electrons. The one denoted by by ℓ is associated with Jahn-Teller effects and hence is localized whereas the other denoted by b is an extended state and propagates through the lattice. 2) The strong Hund’s couplingof ℓ and b electrons to the t2g core spin and 3) the strong Coulomb correlation between the two species of electrons. Additionally, the model includes a new doping dependent ferromagnetic exchange between the t2g core spins which can arise from “virtual double exchange” mechanism which will be discussed in great detail in Chapter 1 . Finally, we give a brief account on Dynamical Mean Field Theory (DMFT) and Numerical Renormalization Group (NRG) as an impurity solver for the single impurity problem arising under single site DMFT approximation. In Chapter 2 we study the effect of inter-site ℓ - b hybridization on the ‘ℓ - b’ model. The single impurity problem arising under DMFT approximation has close connection with the Vigman-Finkelshtein (VF)model. Then we briefly introduce the VF model and bring out its close connection with the impurity problem. We consider both the particle-hole symmetric as well as the U → ∞ particle-hole asymmetric cases. We derive various spectral functions at T = 0K and discuss the nature of fixed points under various circumstances. We explicitly show that for the particle-hole symmetric case the Hamiltonian flows from X-ray edge singularity fixed point to Free Electron fixed point under Renormalization Group transformation. This is evident from the spectral properties of the model. We write down the effective Hamiltonian at the free electron fixed point. For the particle-hole asymmetric case the model flows from X-ray edge singularity fixed point to Free Electron/Strong Coupling fixed point with additional potential scattering terms. We write down the effective Hamiltonian at this fixed point and derive various leading order deviations. We found all of them to be irrelevant in nature also most interestingly the quasi-particles describing the under lying Fermi liquid state are found to be asymptotically non-interacting. We also calculate the Fermi liquid parameter, z, by analyzing the energy level structure of a non-interacting Hamiltonian with effective renormalized parameter. Also, we consider the case of ‘self consistent bath hybridization’ without ℓ - b hybridization for Bethe lattice with infinite coordination. Low energy qualitative features are found to be same but some of the high energy features get qualitatively modified. In Chapter 3 we discuss the transport properties of doped manganites in the insulating phases and also the Hall effect in the metallic phase. In the first part of this chapter we calculate the resistivity based on the ‘ℓ - b’model and try to fit it to the semiconducting form: ρ(T )= ρ0(T /T0)−nexp[Δ(T )/kBT ] and extract the “transport gap”, Δ(T ). This gap can be characterized in terms of the “spectral gap” which can be defined for the ℓ - b model. It is found that the transport gap in the paramagnetic phase can be characterized in terms of the near constant “spectral gap” in this phase whereas the same in the ferromagnetic phase can be characterized in terms of the zero temperature spectral gap. In the last part of this chapter we calculate the Hall resistivity (ρxy) of these materials in the metallic phase. Ρxy is found to be negative and linear in applied field -quite consistent with the experimental findings but this fails to explain the positive linear Hall resistivity at low temperatures and its crossover as a function of field and temperature. We then present a reasonable explanation for this discrepancy and support it by calculating the Hall density of states for a two band “toy model” involving inter species hybridization. In Chapter 4 we calculate the optical conductivity, σ(ω), in ℓ - b model. σ(ω) arises from two independent processes. One of the processes involves ‘b’ electrons only and termed as ‘b - b channel’ and this gives rise to a Drude peak in the low frequency region. another process termed as the ‘ℓ - b channel’ involves hopping of an ℓ-electron to a neighbouring empty site and transforms into a ‘b’like state. This process gives rise to a broad mid-infrared peak. The total conductivity is the sum of contributions from these two incoherent channels. Calculated σ(ω) for metallic systems shows lot of similarities with experimental observations particularly the temperature evolution of the mid-infrared peak and the spectral weight transfer between the two peaks. But for the insulating systems the calculated optical conductivity showed trends similar to more recent experimental observations on some insulating systems (x =0.125) but contradicts with earlier experimental observations on some other insulating system (x =0.1). Finally, in the concluding chapter, we summarize results from all the chapters and also sketch some possible future directions of investigations.

Data warehouse (DW) solutions are becoming increasingly popular to implement in different organizations. There are a variety of motivational factors for activities to acquire DW, among other things, it helps with analyzes and decision making in the business to gain for an example competitiveness. DW projects are expensive projects that require a lot of resources from the organization side. However, more and more DW projects fail and are not optimal for business purposes. Before the organization implements a DW, it is important to choose architecture based on, i.e. a data model for how data is stored and structured in the DW. The two dominant architecture models are top-down as Inmon presented in the 90s and bottom-up who Kimball introduced after Inmon announced his model.  Both Inmon and Kimball have their own philosophies and models for how a DW solution should be model. Organization dilemma is choosing one or the other performance. The choice depends on many factors and considerations. There are also significant philosophical debates, obstacles, also pros and cons for choice of the data warehouse architecture (Lawyer & Chowdhury, 2004). Therefore, this study should demonstrate which factors govern the choice of architecture using a literature study comparing these models. The result shows that Inmon's top-down approach handles factors like data quality, how data can be integrated from different source systems, flexibility, metadata management, and handle data sources and ETL better than Kimball's bottom-up approach. Kimball's architecture model focuses more on factors such as performance and end-user interaction. The results also show that the Kimball model is easier and faster to implement. / Data warehouse (DW) lösningar blir allt mer populära att implementera hos verksamheter. Det finns en mängd motivationsfaktorer för verksamheter att inskaffa DW, bland annat att systemet hjälper med analyser och beslutsunderlag i verksamheten för att erhålla exempelvis konkurrenskraft. DW-projekt är dyra projekt som kräver en hel del resurs från verksamhets sida. Dock misslyckas allt fler sådana projekt och resulterar i att inte vara optimala för verksamhetsändamålen.  Innan verksamheten implementerar ett DW är det viktigt att välja en arkitektur att utgå ifrån, alltså en datamodell för hur data ska lagras och struktureras i DW. De två dominerande arkitekturmodellerna är top-down som Inmon presenterade på 90-talet och bottom-up som Kimball introducerade efter att Inmon presenterat sin modell.   Både Inmon och Kimball har sina egna filosofier och modeller för hur en DW-lösning ska se ut. Dilemmat för verksamheter handlar om att välja det ena eller det andra utförandet. Valet beror på många faktorer och överväganden. Det finns också betydande filosofiska debatter, hinder, och för-och nackdelar med valet av ett data warehouse arkitektur (Lawyer & Chowdhury, 2004).Följaktligen skall denna studie påvisa vilka faktorer som styr val av arkitektur genom att tillämpa en litteraturstudie där dessa modeller jämförs.  Av resultatet framgår att Inmons top-down approach hanterar faktorer som datakvalitet, hur data kan integreras från olika källsystem, flexibilitet, metadatahantering samt att den hanterar datakällor och ETL på ett bättre sätt än Kimballs bottom-up approach. Kimballs arkitektursmodell fokuserar mer på faktorer som prestanda och slutanvändarinteraktion. Av resultatet framgår även att Kimballs modell implementeras enklare och snabbare.

This thesis explores the relationship between ideology generated by advocates of the Women's Liberation Movement and President Kimball's purposes of using Relief Society to strengthen Latter-day Saint (LDS) women. Navigating women through the societal attack on womanhood, President Kimball, and other general Church leaders during his administration (1973-1985), taught LDS women of their privilege and duty to the organization and the importance of generating strength through a sisterhood focused on service. Relief Society programs, procedures, and curriculum were evaluated, adjusted, and reinforced to deepen women's commitment to divinely established roles, to enhance women's doctrinal confidence, and expand the influence of women's leadership. The purpose of this thesis is to show how Relief Society strengthened LDS women's commitment to family and influenced increased cooperative efforts in defending families through Relief Society and priesthood organizations.

This study compares the impact of dimensional modelling and data vault modelling on the performance and maintenance effort of data warehouses. Dimensional modelling is a data warehouse modelling technique pioneered by Ralph Kimball in the 1980s that is much more effective at querying large volumes of data in relational databases than third normal form data models. Data vault modelling is a relatively new modelling technique for data warehouses that, according to its creator Dan Linstedt, was created in order to address the weaknesses of dimensional modelling. To date, no scientific comparison between the two modelling techniques have been conducted. A scientific comparison was achieved in this study, through the implementation of several experiments. The experiments compared the data warehouse implementations based on dimensional modelling techniques with data warehouse implementations based on data vault modelling techniques in terms of load performance, query performance, storage requirements, and flexibility to business requirements changes. An analysis of the results of each of the experiments indicated that the data vault model outperformed the dimensional model in terms of load performance and flexibility. However, the dimensional model required less storage space than the data vault model. With regards to query performance, no statistically significant differences existed between the two modelling techniques. / MSc (Computer Science), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This study compares the impact of dimensional modelling and data vault modelling on the performance and maintenance effort of data warehouses. Dimensional modelling is a data warehouse modelling technique pioneered by Ralph Kimball in the 1980s that is much more effective at querying large volumes of data in relational databases than third normal form data models. Data vault modelling is a relatively new modelling technique for data warehouses that, according to its creator Dan Linstedt, was created in order to address the weaknesses of dimensional modelling. To date, no scientific comparison between the two modelling techniques have been conducted. A scientific comparison was achieved in this study, through the implementation of several experiments. The experiments compared the data warehouse implementations based on dimensional modelling techniques with data warehouse implementations based on data vault modelling techniques in terms of load performance, query performance, storage requirements, and flexibility to business requirements changes. An analysis of the results of each of the experiments indicated that the data vault model outperformed the dimensional model in terms of load performance and flexibility. However, the dimensional model required less storage space than the data vault model. With regards to query performance, no statistically significant differences existed between the two modelling techniques. / MSc (Computer Science), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

La propuesta de solución de inteligencia de negocios pretende contribuir a la organización objeto de estudio la oportunidad que mejorar en la toma de decisiones por parte de los directivos; ya que, se proporcionará la entrega de cuadro de mandos corporativos con información recopilada y centralizada que permita realizar consultas variadas que se encuentren basadas en modelos de estructuras multidimensionales o más conocidos como Cubos OLAP1. La inteligencia de negocios establece un determinado proceso para tratar la información que se encuentra dispersa, así como, mediante la técnica denominada ETL2 que permite convertir datos explotables que serán mostrador en Data marts o cubos OLAP, y, la herramienta que se utiliza para la presentación de los indicadores, reportes o cuadro de mandos con la información recopilada dentro del Data mart será el Power BI. Por ello, se procedió a realizar el análisis del negocio y del proceso de Planificación de Servicios Mineros con el apoyo del marco de referencia Zachman3, luego se detalla la situación actual del proceso y se propone la situación futura. Cuando la propuesta es aceptada, se establece el resultado del proyecto a través de las reglas de negocio, requerimientos funcionales y no funcionales, restricciones, drivers funcionales y los casos de uso del sistema. Con toda la información previa, se procederá a efectuar los drivers arquitectónicos basada en la metodología Kimball4, conceptos de diseño, estilos arquitecturales y tácticas, se adiciona, las especificaciones de los casos de uso del sistema y los prototipos de los cuadros de mandos propuestos. Para finalizar, se mostrará la gestión del proyecto con el apoyo de la Guía del PMBOK5. / The proposed business intelligence solution aims to contribute to the organization to study the opportunity to improve decision-making by managers; since, the delivery of corporate dashboards will be provided with collected and centralized information that allows various queries to be made that are based on models of multidimensional structures, better known as OLAP Cubes. Business intelligence establishes a certain process on how to deal with the information that is scattered, as well as, through the technique called ETL that allows us to convert exploitable data that will be counter into Data marts or OLAP cubes. The tool used for the presentation of the indicators, reports or scorecard with the information collected within the Data mart will be Power BI. Therefore, the business analysis and the Mining Services Planning process were carried out with the support of the Zachman framework, then the current situation of the process is detailed, and the future situation is proposed. When the proposal is accepted, the result of the project is established through the business rules, functional and non-functional requirements, restrictions, functional drivers and the use cases of the system. With all the previous information, the architectural drivers will be carried out based on the Kimball methodology, design concepts, architectural styles and tactics, the specifications of the use cases of the system and the prototypes of the proposed control panels are added. Finally, the project management will be shown with the support of the PMBOK Guide. / Tesis

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