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Parents' perceptions of their children participating in paediatric palliative treatment and care / Penelope MatheMathe, Penelope January 2014 (has links)
Children’s participation is embodied in Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 2009). Children’s participation is about the right of children who are capable of expressing their views to express them freely in all matters affecting them. In the context of paediatric palliative care children’s participation is also about access to information regarding children’s illnesses, treatment and care. Methods of communication, such as open communication and honesty are the main requirements in order for participation to be genuine. As a means to advance knowledge, this study explores parents’ perceptions of their children participation in the context of paediatric palliative care. The study aims to formulate guidelines, which can be applied to promote children’s participation in their treatment and care in the context of paediatric palliative care. The interpretive descriptive research design was used as the methodology that offers the perspective for analysing situations and enabling practical applicability. Data for this study was gathered by means of semi-structured interviews, a vignette and incomplete sentences. Participants were sampled through a purposive sampling to ensure that the participants are the holders of the needed data. The collected data was transcribed and analysed and the thematic analysis process was incorporated.
The findings of this study indicate the parents’ stance towards children’s participation in the paediatric palliative care context. Participants’ perceptions indicate the fears they have with regard to children’s autonomy. Participants’ perceptions are in contrary to the literature on children’s participation and the legislation on children’s rights as their view is that children should not be involved in decision making processes regarding the children’s treatment and care. Participants made reference to their concerns related to the right of their children to participate in decision making regarding their treatment and care. Reference was also made to the societal norms and culture that is part of their existence.
Findings suggest that the need exists for developing support systems which will assist the parents in facilitating their children’s participation regarding their treatment and care in the context of paediatric palliative care.
Based on the findings of this study recommendation are made to health care systems, that is, the governmental bodies that are involved and responsible for the implementation of policies in health care, hospitals and hospices to focus on developing individualised support structures for parents with children who have life-limiting illnesses as the disease profiles vary and the societal response differs towards these diseases. The support structures should be based on the parents’ understanding of their circumstances and experiences regarding their children’s participation in the paediatric palliative treatment and care. / MSW, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Parents' perceptions of their children participating in paediatric palliative treatment and care / Penelope MatheMathe, Penelope January 2014 (has links)
Children’s participation is embodied in Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 2009). Children’s participation is about the right of children who are capable of expressing their views to express them freely in all matters affecting them. In the context of paediatric palliative care children’s participation is also about access to information regarding children’s illnesses, treatment and care. Methods of communication, such as open communication and honesty are the main requirements in order for participation to be genuine. As a means to advance knowledge, this study explores parents’ perceptions of their children participation in the context of paediatric palliative care. The study aims to formulate guidelines, which can be applied to promote children’s participation in their treatment and care in the context of paediatric palliative care. The interpretive descriptive research design was used as the methodology that offers the perspective for analysing situations and enabling practical applicability. Data for this study was gathered by means of semi-structured interviews, a vignette and incomplete sentences. Participants were sampled through a purposive sampling to ensure that the participants are the holders of the needed data. The collected data was transcribed and analysed and the thematic analysis process was incorporated.
The findings of this study indicate the parents’ stance towards children’s participation in the paediatric palliative care context. Participants’ perceptions indicate the fears they have with regard to children’s autonomy. Participants’ perceptions are in contrary to the literature on children’s participation and the legislation on children’s rights as their view is that children should not be involved in decision making processes regarding the children’s treatment and care. Participants made reference to their concerns related to the right of their children to participate in decision making regarding their treatment and care. Reference was also made to the societal norms and culture that is part of their existence.
Findings suggest that the need exists for developing support systems which will assist the parents in facilitating their children’s participation regarding their treatment and care in the context of paediatric palliative care.
Based on the findings of this study recommendation are made to health care systems, that is, the governmental bodies that are involved and responsible for the implementation of policies in health care, hospitals and hospices to focus on developing individualised support structures for parents with children who have life-limiting illnesses as the disease profiles vary and the societal response differs towards these diseases. The support structures should be based on the parents’ understanding of their circumstances and experiences regarding their children’s participation in the paediatric palliative treatment and care. / MSW, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Exploring participation as a children's right in a child and youth care centre / Jessica Clarissa JohannisenJohannisen, Jessica Clarissa January 2014 (has links)
In the last two decades, increasingly more research has been conducted on the process of participation as a children’s right both nationally and internationally. This includes research on children’s participation within the family environment as well as with children who are placed into alternative care. Children’s participation within the field of child protection continues to demonstrate challenges for both children and those adults working with children in this environment. A child and youth care centre forms part of the broader field of child protection and represents a bounded system of dynamics especially with regard to the process of children’s participation. There continues to be various barriers with regard to children’s participation in general but especially for children who have been found in need of care and protection. This is largely linked to the emphasis being put on the vulnerabilities and needs of children who have been placed into alternative care.
The general aim of the study was to qualitatively, through a case study design, explore and describe the nature of participation as a children’s right in the context of a child and youth care centre in the Western Cape. The case study was utilised in order to gain more insight into the nature of participation as a children’s right, based on the perceptions of the children, child care workers, social workers and professionals within the system. Thirteen semi structured individual interviews were held with the child participations. Prior to the interviews, a session was held with the children to discuss the purpose of the research and to allow them to become more aware of the concept of children’s participation. The children were asked to create a collage of their perception of children’s participation as a right. Two separate focus groups were held for the adult participants; one for the child care workers and the other for the social workers and professionals. Based on the findings of this qualitative study about the nature of children’s participation as perceived by both children and adults in a child and youth care centre, the article in Section B aims at highlighting those critical elements needed for the realisation of children’s participation within a context of child protection. / MSW (Child Protection), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Exploring participation as a children's right in a child and youth care centre / Jessica Clarissa JohannisenJohannisen, Jessica Clarissa January 2014 (has links)
In the last two decades, increasingly more research has been conducted on the process of participation as a children’s right both nationally and internationally. This includes research on children’s participation within the family environment as well as with children who are placed into alternative care. Children’s participation within the field of child protection continues to demonstrate challenges for both children and those adults working with children in this environment. A child and youth care centre forms part of the broader field of child protection and represents a bounded system of dynamics especially with regard to the process of children’s participation. There continues to be various barriers with regard to children’s participation in general but especially for children who have been found in need of care and protection. This is largely linked to the emphasis being put on the vulnerabilities and needs of children who have been placed into alternative care.
The general aim of the study was to qualitatively, through a case study design, explore and describe the nature of participation as a children’s right in the context of a child and youth care centre in the Western Cape. The case study was utilised in order to gain more insight into the nature of participation as a children’s right, based on the perceptions of the children, child care workers, social workers and professionals within the system. Thirteen semi structured individual interviews were held with the child participations. Prior to the interviews, a session was held with the children to discuss the purpose of the research and to allow them to become more aware of the concept of children’s participation. The children were asked to create a collage of their perception of children’s participation as a right. Two separate focus groups were held for the adult participants; one for the child care workers and the other for the social workers and professionals. Based on the findings of this qualitative study about the nature of children’s participation as perceived by both children and adults in a child and youth care centre, the article in Section B aims at highlighting those critical elements needed for the realisation of children’s participation within a context of child protection. / MSW (Child Protection), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg in die lig van die Kinderwet 38 van 2005Celliers, Charmaine 07 February 2013 (has links)
Afrikaans text / Suid-Afrika het ‘n ver pad gekom sedert die 16de eeu in die erkenning en
ontwikkeling van kinderregte. Kinderregte word vandag ten volle erken in
die Grondwet, wat die hoogste gesag in die land is. Hierdie studie het ten
doel om die beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg te
ondersoek, met verwysing na die rol wat internasionale reg, soos die
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“die Konvensie”) en
die African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990 (“Afrika
Handves”) in die ontwikkeling van kinderregte gespeel het. Spesifieke
voorskrifte ingevolge waarvan die regte van kinders beskerm word is
ondersoek,insluitend artikel 28 van die Grondwet en sekere bepalings van
die Kinderwet. Weens die beperkte omvang van hierdie verhandeling, is
sekere afgebakende voorbeelde uit die Kinderwet ondersoek met
spesifieke verwysing na kinders se regte en tradisionele waardes soos
manlike besnydenis, vroulike besnydenis en maagdelikheidstoetse. Daar is
gekyk of die praktiese probleme op regeringsvlak, byvoorbeeld die
voorsiening en befondsing van maatskaplike dienste, die implementering
van die bepalings van die Kinderwet vertraag. Skrywer kom tot die slotsom
dat die bepalings van die Kinderwet alleenlik nie voldoende is om
effektiewe beskerming aan sekere groepe kinders te verleen nie en hierdie
probleme lei daartoe dat kinderregte nie behoorlik gerealiseer en
geïmplementeer word nie, en dat daar nie ‘n behoorlike balans tussen die
regte en verantwoordelikhede van die kind, die ouers en die staat bereik
word nie. Moontlike oplossings vir die probleem en tekortkominge in die
uitvoering van die Kinderwet word voorgestel in die slot hoofstuk. / South Africa has come a long way since the 16th century in the recognition
and development of children's rights. Children's rights are now fully
recognized in the Constitution, the supreme authority in the country. This
study aims to investigate the protection of children's rights in South African
law, with reference to the role of international law, such as the United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on
the rights and Welfare of the child 1990, in the development of children's
rights. Specific provisions under which the rights of children protected is
examined, including Section 28 of the Constitution and certain provisions of
the Children’s Act. Due to the limited scope of this paper, some designated
examples from the Children’s Act are examined with particular reference to
children's rights and traditional values such as male circumcision, female
circumcision and virginity testing. It is looked at if whether the practical
problems experienced on government level, the provision and funding of
social services delay the implementation of the provisions of the Children's
Act .Author comes to the conclusion that the provisions of the Children
alone is not sufficient to ensure effective protection of the rights of certain
groups of children and that these problems led to children's rights not
properly realized and implemented, and that a proper balance between the
rights and responsibilities of the child, the parents and the state is not
reached. In the concluding chapter possible solutions to the problems and
shortcomings in the implementation of the Children’s Act is suggested. / Jurisprudence / LLM
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Beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg in die lig van die Kinderwet 38 van 2005Celliers, Charmaine 07 February 2013 (has links)
Afrikaans text / Suid-Afrika het ‘n ver pad gekom sedert die 16de eeu in die erkenning en
ontwikkeling van kinderregte. Kinderregte word vandag ten volle erken in
die Grondwet, wat die hoogste gesag in die land is. Hierdie studie het ten
doel om die beskerming van kinderregte in die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg te
ondersoek, met verwysing na die rol wat internasionale reg, soos die
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“die Konvensie”) en
die African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 1990 (“Afrika
Handves”) in die ontwikkeling van kinderregte gespeel het. Spesifieke
voorskrifte ingevolge waarvan die regte van kinders beskerm word is
ondersoek,insluitend artikel 28 van die Grondwet en sekere bepalings van
die Kinderwet. Weens die beperkte omvang van hierdie verhandeling, is
sekere afgebakende voorbeelde uit die Kinderwet ondersoek met
spesifieke verwysing na kinders se regte en tradisionele waardes soos
manlike besnydenis, vroulike besnydenis en maagdelikheidstoetse. Daar is
gekyk of die praktiese probleme op regeringsvlak, byvoorbeeld die
voorsiening en befondsing van maatskaplike dienste, die implementering
van die bepalings van die Kinderwet vertraag. Skrywer kom tot die slotsom
dat die bepalings van die Kinderwet alleenlik nie voldoende is om
effektiewe beskerming aan sekere groepe kinders te verleen nie en hierdie
probleme lei daartoe dat kinderregte nie behoorlik gerealiseer en
geïmplementeer word nie, en dat daar nie ‘n behoorlike balans tussen die
regte en verantwoordelikhede van die kind, die ouers en die staat bereik
word nie. Moontlike oplossings vir die probleem en tekortkominge in die
uitvoering van die Kinderwet word voorgestel in die slot hoofstuk. / South Africa has come a long way since the 16th century in the recognition
and development of children's rights. Children's rights are now fully
recognized in the Constitution, the supreme authority in the country. This
study aims to investigate the protection of children's rights in South African
law, with reference to the role of international law, such as the United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on
the rights and Welfare of the child 1990, in the development of children's
rights. Specific provisions under which the rights of children protected is
examined, including Section 28 of the Constitution and certain provisions of
the Children’s Act. Due to the limited scope of this paper, some designated
examples from the Children’s Act are examined with particular reference to
children's rights and traditional values such as male circumcision, female
circumcision and virginity testing. It is looked at if whether the practical
problems experienced on government level, the provision and funding of
social services delay the implementation of the provisions of the Children's
Act .Author comes to the conclusion that the provisions of the Children
alone is not sufficient to ensure effective protection of the rights of certain
groups of children and that these problems led to children's rights not
properly realized and implemented, and that a proper balance between the
rights and responsibilities of the child, the parents and the state is not
reached. In the concluding chapter possible solutions to the problems and
shortcomings in the implementation of the Children’s Act is suggested. / Jurisprudence / LLM
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Invloed van die begrip kinderregte op die privaatregtelike ouer-kind verhouding in die Suid-Afrikaanse regHuman, Cornelia Sophia 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLD (Private Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 1998. / 490 leaves double sided printed, preliminary pages and numbered pages 1-469. Includes bibliography. Digitised using a HP Scanjet 8250 Scanner to pdf format (OCR). / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis investigates the effect of the recognition of the rights of the child on the
parent-child relationship in private law. Rights of the child seem, on the face of it, to
undermine parental authority and family values. The impression is created that the
state is abdicating its role as protector of the child in favour of unfettered freedom of
the child. The delicate balance between individual freedom and family autonomy
may in the result also be under threat. It was, therefore, necessary to extend the
investigation to include the role of parents and that of the state.
The study is divided into three parts. The first contains a theoretical analysis of the
concept rights of the child. It is clear that the concept is a manifestation of
fundamental human rights. The rights of the child are unique in nature and
accommodate the changing phases of dependence and developing abilities of the
child. Theoretical analysis negates the perception that the recognition of the rights of
the child contributes to erosion of the family: the importance of the commitment of
parents and of the state is apparent.
The second part consists of a comprehensive review of the parent-child relationship in
the South African private law, and an analysis of the public law dimension of the
concept rights of the child. This part of the investigation demonstrates that parental
authority is firmly rooted in legal history and that substantive private law does not
recognise the child as bearer of rights within the context of the family. However, the
Bill of Rights and the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
unequivocally give public law status to the child as bearer of rights. The study shows
that the private and public law status of a child cannot be isolated from one another
and that adaptations will have to be made to implement the rights of the child.
In the third part of the study an attempt is made to identify the kind of adaptation that
must be made. The impact of the idea of the rights of the child upon the parent-child
relationship in private law is investigated. Australian and Scottish law are examples
of legal systems which endeavour to implement fully the concept of the rights of the
child. Indigenous law places a high value on human dignity. The interaction between
rights and duties in indigenous systems reflect values which are inherent in the idea
of the rights of the child.
The study shows that the impact of the rights of the child on the parent-child
relationship is such that change and adaptation of private law is necessary. Change
and adaptation are required at both theoretical and practical level. A number of
obstacles which may inhibit the process of change are identified. Finally, the kind of
change and adaptation required is illustrated by a number of practical examples of the
impact ofchange on the parent-child relationship. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar word in hierdie proefskrif gepoog om te bepaal wat die effek van die erkenning
van kinderregte op die ouer-kind verhouding in die privaatreg is. Kinderregte skep op
die oog af die persepsie dat ouerlike gesag en gesinswaardes onderrnyn word en dat
die staat sy rol as beskerrner van 'n kind abdikeer ten gunste van onbeperkte vryhede
aan 'n kind. Die delikate balans tussen individuele vryhede en gesinsoutonomie is in
gedrang en op hierdie wyse word die rol van ouers en die staat ook by die ondersoek
betrek.
Die studie behels 'n drieledige ondersoek. In die eerste plek vind 'n teoretiese
ontleding van die begrip kinderregte plaas. Hierdie ondersoek toon aan dat
kinderregte 'n verskyningsvorrn van fundamentele menseregte is. Kinderregte het 'n
eiesoortige aard en akkommodeer die wisselende fases van afhanklikheid en
ontwikkelende verrnoens van 'n kind. Die betrokkenheid van ouers en die staat word
beklemtoon en die teoretiese uitgangspunt besweer gevolglik negatiewe persepsies dat
die erkenning van kinderregte tot gesinsverbrokkeling sal meewerk.
Die tweede deel van die ondersoek bestaan uit 'n volledige uiteensetting van die ouerkind
verhouding in die Suid-Afrikaanse privaatreg en 'n ontleding van die
publiekregtelike dimensie van die begrip kinderregte. Hierdie deel van die ondersoek
bewys dat ouerlike gesag regshistories sterk fundeer is en dat die substantiewe
privaatreg nie die kind as draer van regte binne gesinsverband erken nie. Daarteenoor
verleen die Handves van Regte en die Verenigde Nasies se Konvensie op die Regte
van die kind 1989 'n duidelike publiekregtelike status aan die kind as draer van regte.
Die ondersoek toon aan dat die privaatregtelike en publiekregtelike status van 'n kind
nie van mekaar gelsoleer kan word nie en dat aanpassings sal moet plaasvind ten
einde kinderregte te implementeer.
Die tipe aanpassings wat gemaak sal moet word, vloei voort uit die derde element van
hierdie studie. Hierdie deeI van die studie behels 'n toepassing van die idee van
kinderregte op die ouer-kind verhouding in die privaatreg. 'n Regsvergelykende
element word betrek en die Australiese en Skotse reg word as modelle van 'n
regstelsel voorgehou wat poog om kinderregte tot sy volle konsekwensies te
implementeer. Vir doeleindes van interne regsvergelyking word daar ook na die
inheemse reg verwys. Die hoe premie wat laasgenoemde regstelsel op
menswaardigheid plaas en die wisselwerking tussen regte en verpligtinge
verteenwoordig waardes wat eie aan die idee van kinderregte is.
Die gevolgtrekking is dat die effek van kinderregte op die ouer-kind verhouding van
sodanige omvang is dat aanpassings in die privaatreg sal moet plaasvind.
Veranderings in regsdenke en formele aanpassings word vereis en 'n aantal
struikelblokke wat deel van hierdie proses is, word uitgelig. Sekere praktiese
implikasies vir die ouer-kind verhouding word ook voorgehou ten einde te illustreer
wat die aard van die aanpassings is wat vereis word.
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Einde van lewe besluite ten opsigte van defektiewe babas : 'n juridiese perspektiefRossouw, Elzaan 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (LLM (Private Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / End of life decisions regarding defective babies raise several controversial questions. The root of the problem in withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment from defective babies lies in the conflict between human emotions, technological advancements and legal considerations.
As a result of advances in medical science and neonatal technology, the lives of defective babies can often be saved or indefinitely prolonged. The question has become not whether we can treat these babies, but rather whether we should. Whether or not a defective baby’s life must be prolonged raises serious moral and ethical issues. A life compromised by severe physical and mental handicaps is weighed against an early and painless death.
The best interest of the baby is the primary consideration from a legal point of view. Various factors must be taken into account to give content to this concept. Another central question is to determine who the decision maker(s) should be and what weight should be given to their opinions. Due to the fact that defective babies can not participate in this decision making process or communicate their wishes and preferences, surrogate decision makers must decide on their behalf.
In sharp contrast to England, America and Canada, there is hardly any literature and no reported case law in South Africa to demonstrate the complexity of end of life decisions regarding defective babies. Selective non-treatment of defective babies have received little attention in the South African law. The Bill of Rights, inspired by regional and international Conventions determine the framework from a juristic perspective wherein decisions must be made and justified. This framework requires that the focus must be on the most vulnerable and dependant, namely the defective baby.
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