Abstract Increasing global interest in coaching science research has resulted in a greater recognition of the complexities and dynamics existing in the coaching process (Cushion, Armour, & Jones, 2003). Associated with the dynamic and complex nature of the coaching process are the many social relationships that operate within this process. A high performance coach’s network is often associated with athletes, officials, support staff and administrators. In essence, coaches form dynamic social networks (DSN; (Mallett, Rossi, & Tinning, 2007) that are paramount to developing their coaching practice, and therefore their coaching knowledge. The aim of this project was to understand how high performance football coaches (HPFC) learn. The research questions were as follows: • What are the major sources of information for HPFC? • What sources of information are most valuable to the HPFC? • What role does the interaction with other coaches’ play in developing knowledge? In order to better understand the nature of coach interactions in developing knowledge it is useful to consider the notions of communities of practice (CoP) (Wenger, 1998), networks of practice (NoP) (Nichani & Hung, 2002), informal knowledge networks (IKN) (Allee, 2000) and dynamic social networks (DSN) (Mallett, et al., 2007). This qualitative research was conducted with six high performance football coaches (HPFC) in Australia using semi-structured interviews. Each interview was transcribed and analysed into meaning units through the process of triangular consensus. The coaches in this sample did not display a fully functioning CoP, IKN, or NoP. The HPFCs failed to display the critical element of a joint enterprise. Mutual engagement was partially reported between coaches of the same team but was not reported between opposition coaches. The coaches reported the final element of a shared repertoire. Nichani & Hung’s (2002) notion of a NoP and Allee’s (2000) research on IKN were considered as possible social networks to describe the coaching context. These coaches did not develop relationships that could be characterised as a NoP. The data suggests that the development of knowledge through face-to-face interactions with other people was valued over use of Internet exchanges and chat rooms. There was evidence to suggest the formation of a coaches’ IKN, however it is proposed that this was not the major source for these coaches in developing knowledge. Most importantly it was found that HPFC in the Australian context are engaged in a DSN. It was reported by the coaches in this study that their interactions are dynamic, in that they change throughout their careers to the extent that their people of influence can be numerous; this is due to two key findings. The nature of the work of HPFC is highly contested and thus the information and knowledge is sacred. This is a barrier for information and knowledge transfer and can inhibit learning. In addition finding a person of influence is a lengthy process as it can take years to build mutual trust and respect. By understanding how coaches learn their craft through their interactions with others, coach development could potentially assist coaches through the learning process.

Abstract Increasing global interest in coaching science research has resulted in a greater recognition of the complexities and dynamics existing in the coaching process (Cushion, Armour, & Jones, 2003). Associated with the dynamic and complex nature of the coaching process are the many social relationships that operate within this process. A high performance coach’s network is often associated with athletes, officials, support staff and administrators. In essence, coaches form dynamic social networks (DSN; (Mallett, Rossi, & Tinning, 2007) that are paramount to developing their coaching practice, and therefore their coaching knowledge. The aim of this project was to understand how high performance football coaches (HPFC) learn. The research questions were as follows: • What are the major sources of information for HPFC? • What sources of information are most valuable to the HPFC? • What role does the interaction with other coaches’ play in developing knowledge? In order to better understand the nature of coach interactions in developing knowledge it is useful to consider the notions of communities of practice (CoP) (Wenger, 1998), networks of practice (NoP) (Nichani & Hung, 2002), informal knowledge networks (IKN) (Allee, 2000) and dynamic social networks (DSN) (Mallett, et al., 2007). This qualitative research was conducted with six high performance football coaches (HPFC) in Australia using semi-structured interviews. Each interview was transcribed and analysed into meaning units through the process of triangular consensus. The coaches in this sample did not display a fully functioning CoP, IKN, or NoP. The HPFCs failed to display the critical element of a joint enterprise. Mutual engagement was partially reported between coaches of the same team but was not reported between opposition coaches. The coaches reported the final element of a shared repertoire. Nichani & Hung’s (2002) notion of a NoP and Allee’s (2000) research on IKN were considered as possible social networks to describe the coaching context. These coaches did not develop relationships that could be characterised as a NoP. The data suggests that the development of knowledge through face-to-face interactions with other people was valued over use of Internet exchanges and chat rooms. There was evidence to suggest the formation of a coaches’ IKN, however it is proposed that this was not the major source for these coaches in developing knowledge. Most importantly it was found that HPFC in the Australian context are engaged in a DSN. It was reported by the coaches in this study that their interactions are dynamic, in that they change throughout their careers to the extent that their people of influence can be numerous; this is due to two key findings. The nature of the work of HPFC is highly contested and thus the information and knowledge is sacred. This is a barrier for information and knowledge transfer and can inhibit learning. In addition finding a person of influence is a lengthy process as it can take years to build mutual trust and respect. By understanding how coaches learn their craft through their interactions with others, coach development could potentially assist coaches through the learning process.

Abstract Increasing global interest in coaching science research has resulted in a greater recognition of the complexities and dynamics existing in the coaching process (Cushion, Armour, & Jones, 2003). Associated with the dynamic and complex nature of the coaching process are the many social relationships that operate within this process. A high performance coach’s network is often associated with athletes, officials, support staff and administrators. In essence, coaches form dynamic social networks (DSN; (Mallett, Rossi, & Tinning, 2007) that are paramount to developing their coaching practice, and therefore their coaching knowledge. The aim of this project was to understand how high performance football coaches (HPFC) learn. The research questions were as follows: • What are the major sources of information for HPFC? • What sources of information are most valuable to the HPFC? • What role does the interaction with other coaches’ play in developing knowledge? In order to better understand the nature of coach interactions in developing knowledge it is useful to consider the notions of communities of practice (CoP) (Wenger, 1998), networks of practice (NoP) (Nichani & Hung, 2002), informal knowledge networks (IKN) (Allee, 2000) and dynamic social networks (DSN) (Mallett, et al., 2007). This qualitative research was conducted with six high performance football coaches (HPFC) in Australia using semi-structured interviews. Each interview was transcribed and analysed into meaning units through the process of triangular consensus. The coaches in this sample did not display a fully functioning CoP, IKN, or NoP. The HPFCs failed to display the critical element of a joint enterprise. Mutual engagement was partially reported between coaches of the same team but was not reported between opposition coaches. The coaches reported the final element of a shared repertoire. Nichani & Hung’s (2002) notion of a NoP and Allee’s (2000) research on IKN were considered as possible social networks to describe the coaching context. These coaches did not develop relationships that could be characterised as a NoP. The data suggests that the development of knowledge through face-to-face interactions with other people was valued over use of Internet exchanges and chat rooms. There was evidence to suggest the formation of a coaches’ IKN, however it is proposed that this was not the major source for these coaches in developing knowledge. Most importantly it was found that HPFC in the Australian context are engaged in a DSN. It was reported by the coaches in this study that their interactions are dynamic, in that they change throughout their careers to the extent that their people of influence can be numerous; this is due to two key findings. The nature of the work of HPFC is highly contested and thus the information and knowledge is sacred. This is a barrier for information and knowledge transfer and can inhibit learning. In addition finding a person of influence is a lengthy process as it can take years to build mutual trust and respect. By understanding how coaches learn their craft through their interactions with others, coach development could potentially assist coaches through the learning process.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23615号 / 工博第4936号 / 新制||工||1771(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 椹木 哲夫, 教授 松野 文俊, 教授 藤本 健治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Thesis (PhD) -- Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis has as its focus the engineering of integrated knowledge networks (IKNs) through the use of a reference architecture. The purpose of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of the constructional principles underlying this class of collaborative networks. Although IKNs and enterprise engineering are both seen as promising approaches to the challenges of the Information Age, significant challenges still exist in the engineering of IKNs. Our globalised and commercialised society may currently be characterised by both extreme complexity and extreme rates of change. Enterprise engineering is seen as a promising approach to equip enterprises with the characteristics that are desirable in the modern economy, including flexibility and agility. Enterprise architecture contributes to this endeavour by providing a high-level design of the enterprise that allows for integrated engineering of the enterprise. From a commercial point of view, it has been widely recognised that the ability to innovate and generate new knowledge through the development of new products, services and processes is a key factor in the survival of enterprises. The latest trends in innovation management, however, show that the innovation process is no longer one that is executed inside a single enterprise, giving rise to the development of inter-organisational innovation networks. Furthermore, the importance of knowledge as a dynamic enabler of this networked innovation approach is highlighted. This has lead to the emergence of IKNs in which knowledge is created and shared between network stakeholders in order to foster sustainable innovation. The increasing rate of change means that enterprises, including IKNs, have progressively less time to react to market changes and opportunities. The emphasis is therefore on the potential of the EE and EA disciplines as tools to adapt to the dynamic landscape of the Information Age. At present, the ability to apply comprehensive enterprise engineering to IKNs is hampered by the lack of resources that describes sound constructional principles for these networks. The focus of this study is therefore on the application of the enterprise engineering discipline to IKNs through the development of a reference architecture. The reference architecture for IKNs is developed through design science research within a pragmatic and qualitative research strategy. The research problem is first identified and motivated. Various solution objectives are subsequently defined. This is followed by the design and development of the reference architecture through four iterative design cycles. A qualitative systematic review is conducted and serves as the foundation for the development of various reference models. The reference architecture for IKNs is demonstrated and evaluated through a series of illustrative scenarios, after which the utility, novelty and design rigour of the artefact is communicated. It was found that the reference architecture provides constructional principles in the engineering of IKNs, thus enabling the design, operation and research of this class of collaborative networks. The study therefore takes a first step toward extending the concept of EE to IKNs, and collaborative networks in general. This enables the greater adaptability of these networks to the dynamic environment of the Information Age. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die ontwikkeling van geïntegreerde kennisnetwerke (GK’s) aan die hand van ‘n verwysingsargitektuur. Die doel van die studie is om ’n beter begrip van die onderliggende ontwerpbeginsels van hierdie klas kollaborasie netwerke te kry. Alhoewel beide GK’s en ondernemingsingenieurswese beskou word as belowende benaderings tot die uitdagings van die Inligtingsera, bestaan beduidende uitdagings steeds in die ontwikkeling van GK’s. Ons geglobaliseerde, gekommersialiseerde samelewing word tans gekenmerk deur beide buitengewone kompleksiteit en buitengewone tempo-verandering. Ondernemingsingenieurswese word beskou as ’n belowende benadering om ondernemings toe te rus met die eienskappe wat in aanvraag is in die moderne ekonomie, insluitend aanpasbaarheid en vlugheid. Ondernemingsargitektuur dra by tot hierdie poging deur ’n hoëvlak ontwerp van die onderneming te voorsien wat geïntegreerde ontwikkeling van die onderneming toelaat. Vanuit ’n kommersiële oogpunt word dit ruim aanvaar dat die vermoë om te innoveer en nuwe kennis te ontwikkel deur die ontwikkeling van nuwe produkte, dienste en prosesse ’n kernfaktor in die oorlewing van ondernemings is. Die jongste benadering in innovasiebestuur toon aan dat die innovasieproses nie meer slegs in een onderneming uitgevoer word nie. Dit lei dan tot interorganisasie-innovasienetwerke. Die belangrikheid van kennis as ’n dinamiese instaatsteller van hierdie netwerk-innovasiebenadering word verder beklemtoon. Dit het gelei tot die ontstaan van GK’s waarin kennis tot stand gebring en gedeel word tussen netwerk belanghebbendes om sodoende volhoubare innovasie te bevorder. Die toenemende tempo in verandering beteken dat ondernemings, insluitende GK’s, toenemend minder tyd het om op markveranderings en -geleenthede te reageer. Die klem val daarom op die ondernemingsingenieursweseen ondernemingsargitektuur-dissiplines as hulpmiddels om by die dinamiese landskap van die Inligtingsera aan te pas. Tans word die vermoë om omvattende ondernemingsingenieurswese in GK’s te beoefen, gekniehalter deur die tekort aan hulpbronne wat grondige konstruksie-beginsels vir hierdie netwerke beskryf. Die fokus van hierdie studie is daarom die toepassing van die ondernemingsingenieurswese-dissipline op GK’s deur die ontwikkeling van ’n verwysingsargitektuur. Die verwysingsargitektuur vir GK’s word ontwikkel deur ontwerpwetenskapnavorsing binne ’n pragmatiese en kwalitatiewe navorsingstrategie. Die navorsingsprobleem word eers geïdentifiseer en gemotiveer. Verskeie oplossingsdoelwitte word vervolgens bepaal. Hierna geskied die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van die verwysingsargitektuur deur middel van die vier herhalende ontwerpsiklusse. Die verwysingsargitektuur vir GK’s word gedemonstreer en geëvalueer deur ’n reeks beeldende scenario’s, waarna die bruikbaarheid, nuutheid en ontwerpstrengheid van die artefak gekommunikeer word. Dit is bevind dat die verwysingsargitektuur konstruksiebeginsels in die ontwikkeling van GK’s voorsien en sodoende die ontwerp, werk en navorsing in hierdie klas kollaborasie netwerke moontlik maak. Dié studie neem ‘n eerste tree in die rigting om die konsep van ondernemingsingenieurswese tot GK’s uit te brei. Dit maak die groter aanpasbaarheid van hierdie netwerke by die dinamiese omgewing van die Inligtingsera moontlik.

The immediate catalyst for having taken up this study was the violent outbreak of weeks of public unrest in the Paris banlieus in the wake of the shooting of young man on the run from the police on October 27 2005. The obvious inability of local municipalities and police forces to explain, let alone to anticipate the swelling discontent with a system which is generally assumed to work effectively and to benefit all has led me to the assumption that we have entered a stage where the concept of representational democracy is seriously compromised. The sheer scale or projected growth rates of urban agglomerations worldwide is certainly a strong, if not the only indicator for the radical change of ‘lived experience’ in the wake of globalized economies, politics and communication networks. If once the lack of a ‘unitary theory’ was attributed to the field of urbanism (Lefebvre, 1991 [1974]), from a contemporary point of view the range of issues and problems at stake far exceed the boundaries of any discipline in particular. Furthermore, to start the inquiry by reasserting the importance of the human condition will allow us to delve into the process of individuation, the diverse realities of individuals, their gathering in groups, their dialogue amongst each other and with their environment in its totality in order to account for the complex interrelations within a highly dynamic network of associations, since the emergence of a fully emancipated Many – as opposed to the One of the state – requires more than the flawed promise of representational democracy to act for the ‘common good,’ or ‘general will’ (Rousseau, 2009 [1762]) of all. Clearly this task is ambitious, for we have to bridge the gap between the needs, aspirations, emotions, anxieties and dreams of individuals on the one hand, and the temporal emergence of collective co-operation on the other. ‘Official’ knowledge, incorporated by endless columns of statistical data, gathered and administered meticulously thanks to the firm grip of institutionalised observation, is of little help though, for we have become increasingly conscious that the representations thereof are a poor match for the complexity of networked realities ‘on the ground’. My artistic practice conducted together with Alexandra Berlinger under the name of Tat ort is precisely aimed at looking into “matters of concern” as opposed to “matters of fact” (Latour, 2005) in order to gain a genuine insight into the workings of existing settings, where we introduce ourselves as intermediaries for the initiation of a process of active participation by means of interventional apparatuses, conceived specifically for the context in question. Our respective experience has led me to the conclusion that instead of providing alternative representations based on presumed universal identity, the full-blown heterogeneity of the multitude thrives on the general intellect and the activity of the speaker. To speak is to act, and to act is the predominant trait of political praxis. It is through our acts and deeds that we disclose ourselves in public in the presence of others (Arendt, 1998 [1958]). And it is through acting that we start anew and leave our mark in a situation the moment we intervene in the circulation of empty signifiers upon which we assign a name, the name of an event. It is through our interventional participation that we allow for novelty to emerge in time, as a process without representation and based on sustained fidelity. My research is centred around two questions: First of all, is it possible to devise an interventional apparatus (physical infrastructure) which would work independent of contextual factors, and secondly, is it possible to retain the site-specificity through a process of dynamically mapping the amalgamation of existing information and the data obtained by participants based on face to face communication in order to draw up the ‘portraits’ of existing communities beyond the scope of institutionalised representation. Emancipating the Many therefore is a statement about difference marked as intervention. This intervention requires the presence of others and the intention to act. It is the emergence of a ‘constitution of time’.

Thesis advisor: PhiliP G. Altbach / Today the diaspora option is seen as an important strategy for decreasing the adverse impacts of brain drain. Chinese academic diasporas have increasingly begun to create academic ties with China, yet few studies have examined Chinese academic diasporas' scholarly ties with China. The purpose of this research study is to explore why and how Chinese academic diasporas develop their academic ties with China. In this study, 20 Chinese overseas scholars in the northeastern United States were interviewed. Grounded theory was employed to analyze the interview data. A spectrum of issues and topics, in the narratives of academic ties of Chinese overseas students, emerged from this study. Generally, the interviewed scholars had established active academic ties with the Chinese academic community. These academic ties mainly transferred three types of knowledge: network-building knowledge, outcome-oriented knowledge, and context-oriented knowledge. The intensity of academic ties was found to highly associate with the types of knowledge that were transferred. Academic ties were categorized into three modes: radio mode, outsourcing mode, and constructional mode. While radio and outsourcing modes have a separate process of producing and transmitting knowledge, Chinese academic diasporas and their Chinese counterparts can equally collaborate to create new knowledge in a constructional mode. This study found that cultural identity and academic identity influenced the scholars' motivations for maintaining academic ties with China and shaped the intensity of their academic ties. Finally, this study suggests that Chinese academic diasporas play a crucial role in communicating western values and norms with the Chinese academia and society via their scholarly ties with China. Limitations of this study include small sample size and distribution. Recommendations for future study include increasing sample size, recruiting more female participants, examining scholars from non-research universities and from other regions of the United States, and investigating how social values impact academic ties. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Administration and Higher Education.

Knowledge is defined one of the fundamental resources for development, competitiveness and power of firms, industrial clusters and regions. Their competitiveness and development have a strong relationship with their ability to create, absorb and utilize knowledge and to learn, i.e. their cognitive capabilities. This thesis is focused on clusters as cognitive and learning systems. Clusters are the agglomerations where collective learning may take place. New knowledge is created and shared within the clusters&#039 / knowledge networks. Knowledge networks and cognitive communities as a part of these networks are seen as the significant topics in the literature to explain both the cognitive processes in firms, in industrial clusters and between industrial clusters. The main aim of the thesis is to explore the creation, absorption and transfer of knowledge in networks and cognitive communities in industrial clusters based on different technologies. To achieve this aim two empirical studies on different clusters with different technologies have been elaborated. The first one is an ICT cluster in METUTech and the second one is agricultural tools and machinery cluster in Konya. The data for the analysis collected through two different types of questionnaire, firm questionnaire and employee questionnaire. The first questionnaire is realized with producer firms in those sectors. The second questionnaire is conducted with the engineers. The data acquired from the questionnaire were evaluated based on descriptive analysis, correlation and social network analysis. Results are used to evaluate and compare the knowledge structures and cognitive communities in those clusters.

I look at knowledge networks emerging through individual collaboration within incumbent firms and I make an effort to identify individual roles that are driving a number of meaningful firm-level innovation-related outcomes. I document how certain individuals occupy such positions in their firms' knowledge network that equip them with unique blends of human and social capital, thus making them consequential for the innovative performance of the system as a whole. Integrators are the actors with an extraordinarily large and dense network of different collaborators. Connectors are the individuals who collaborate with others across diverse knowledge areas and clusters. Isolates are actors who are productive while remaining relatively unconnected and independent. I find that relational stars (i.e. integrators and connectors) positively affect their organization's quantity and quality of inventive output. On the other hand, I find that it is isolates and star inventors who positively affect inventive productivity. I find that individuals with extreme patterns of collaborative behavior (either local or distant) facilitate exploration and that productive isolates drive exploitation. In addition, I find that organizational ambidexterity can be attained by having individuals who can simultaneously explore and exploit or by increasing the connectedness between exploratory and exploitative activities. Finally, I find that knowledge boundary choices are also affected by internal organization and human resource attributes.

Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering Science at Stellenbosch University / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Innovation capability is undoubtedly an essential attribute for organizations that wish to survive and grow in a modern economy. Innovation is however widely misunderstood and subsequently mismanaged. Common misconceptions include that innovation only consists of a single moment of inspiration, and that it is therefore dependent on a single person or department within the organization. In reality the Innovation Process has a distinct life cycle and involves a wide array of roleplayers. Effective innovation management is reliant on efficient cooperation between these role-players. This cooperation however extends beyond collaborative organizational structure, bilateral agreements and partnership contracts. Role-players in the Innovation Process form a Knowledge Supply Chain and should be connected in a way that promotes knowledge exchange between them. Several modern approaches to Knowledge Management are available, but few grasp the complexity of Innovation. A wide variety of knowledge sources and formats exist within a set of parties like those involved in Innovation. The preferred Knowledge Management strategy to accompany the Innovation Process should therefore take a holistic view on knowledge while embracing its dynamic nature. Knowledge Networks provide exactly this approach by encompassing a number of people and resources and the relationships between them. These actors within the network are allowed to capture, transfer and create knowledge for the purpose of creating value. This Knowledge Network is supported by a Knowledge Network Architecture consisting of a combination of organizational and information system tools. On an organizational front, the Knowledge Network Architecture is customized to reach across organizational boundaries, thereby creating the collaborative environment that is needed to support the Innovation Process. By allowing actors from different organizations to join the network, an Integrated Knowledge Network is formed. The Information and Communication Technology element of a Knowledge Network Architecture that suits the needs of the Innovation Process features an online Information System. This Information System employs a network model in its approach to the handling of content and supports all the knowledge transfer and creation processes within the Knowledge Network. Although such an Information System provides a single point of entry to the network’s knowledge base, it may be configured to allow access to individuals from multiple organizations. This functionality links it to the requirements of an Integrated Knowledge Network, thereby combining the elements of the Knowledge Network Architecture to form a solution framework instead of remaining modular tools. Fully supporting the Innovation Process within an Information System Architecture does however involve more than simply connecting role-players and facilitating knowledge management between them. Successful Innovation Management requires an understanding of the full Innovation Life Cycle, and ensuring that a comprehensive roadmap is followed to guide innovation projects that develop within the Integrated Knowledge Network. The required Information System should therefore facilitate an Integrated Knowledge Network, while providing support for the full life cycle of innovation projects that develop within the network. This study develops an architecture specification that functionally describes the aforementioned Information System. Using this architecture specification as a guideline, the Information System is subsequently designed and developed with the use of an online content management toolset and a showcase of the system’s functionality is provided. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Innoveringsvermoë is ‘n kritiese eienskap vir organisasies wat poog om in ‘n moderne ekonomie te oorleef en te groei. Innovasie word egter gereeld misverstaan en gevolglik wanbestuur. Algemene wanopvattings sluit in dat Innovasie slegs ‘n oomblik van inspirasie behels en daarom slegs van individue of ‘n enkele departement binne die organisasie afhang. In realiteit word die Innovasieproses deur ‘n definitiewe lewenssikuls gekenmerk en neem ‘n wye verskeidenheid rolspelers daaraan deel. Effektiewe Innovasiebestuur maak tot ‘n groot mate op doeltreffende samewerking tussen bogenoemde rolspelers staat. Hierdie samewerking strek egter verder as kollaboratiewe organisasiestrukture, bilaterale ooreenkomste en gevestigde vennootskappe. Rolspelers in die Innovasieproses vorm ‘n Kennisvoorsieningsketting en moet verbind word op ‘n wyse wat die uitruil van kennis tussen hulle bevorder. Daar is verskeie moderne benaderings tot Kennisbestuur, maar weinig van hierdie strategieë spreek die volle kompleksiteit van Innovasie aan. ‘n Wye verskeidenheid kennisbronne en –formate bestaan tussen ‘n groep rolspelers soos dié wat in die Innovasieproses betrokke is. Die ideale Kennisbestuurstrategie om die Innovasieproses te vergesel moet daarom ‘n holistiese uitkyk op kennis bied en terselfdertyd die dinamiese aard daarvan in ag neem. Kennisnetwerke bied dié benadering deur ‘n aantal persone en hulpbronne, asook die verhoudinge tussen hulle, te omsluit. Hierdie spelers in die netwerk word toegelaat om kennis onderling vas te vang, oor te dra en te skep met die doel om waarde te genereer. Laasgenoemde Kennisnetwerk word ondersteun deur ‘n Kennisnetwerkargitektuur wat uit ‘n kombinasie van organisatoriese en inligtingstelselgereedskap bestaan. Op die organisatoriese front word die Kennisnetwerkargitektuur pasgemaak om oor organisasiegrense te strek. Die kollaboratiewe omgewing wat benodig word om die Innovasieproses te ondersteun, word hierdeur geskep. Deur spelers vanuit verskillende organisasies toe te laat om by die netwerk aan te sluit, word ‘n Geïntegreerde Kennisnetwerk gevorm. Die Inligting- en Kommunikasietegnologie onderafdeling van ‘n Kennisnetwerkargitektuur wat die Innovasieproses pas, sluit onder andere ‘n aanlyn Inligtingstelsel in. Hierdie Inligtingstelsel gebruik ‘n netwerkmodel in sy benadering tot inhoudsbestuur en behoort verder alle kennisoordrag en – skeppingsprosesse binne die Kennisnetwerk te ondersteun. Hoewel so ‘n Inligtingstelsel die ‘n enkele toegangspunt tot die netwerk se kennispoel bied, kan dit opgestel word om toegang aan indiwidue vanuit verskillende organisasies te verleen. Hierdie funksionaliteit koppel dit dus aan die behoeftes van ‘n Geïntegreerde Kennisnetwerk en verenig die verskillende onderafdelings van die Kennisnetwerkargitektuur. Die Kennisnetwerkargitektuur vorm gevolglik ‘n oplossingsraamwerk, eerder as ‘n modulêre gereedskapstel. Om die Innovasieproses volledig binne ‘n Inligtingstelsel te ondersteun verg egter meer as om die onderskeie rolspelers te verbind en kennisbestuur tussen hulle te fasiliteer. Suksesvolle Innovasiebestuur verg begrip vir die volle Innovasielewenssiklus en die gebruik van ‘n omvattende padkaart om innovasieprojekte (wat binne die Geïntegreerge Kennisnetwerk ontwikkel) te lei. Die verlangde Inligtingstelsel fasiliteer dus ‘n Geïntegreerde Kennisnetwerk en ondersteun terselfdertyd die volle lewenssiklus van innovasieprojekte wat uit die netwerk spruit. Hierdie studie ontwikkel ‘n argitektuurspesifikasie wat die bogenoemde Inligtingstelsel op ‘n funksionele vlak beskryf. Met hierdie argitektuurspesifikasie as riglyn, word die Inligtingstelsel met behulp van ‘n aanlyn inhoudsbestuurgereedskapstel ontwerp en ontwikkel. Ten slotte word die stelse se funksionaliteit gedemonstreer.