This qualitative research aims to identify the threshold concepts in financial instruments using Meyer and Land's Threshold Concept Framework (2005) and applies the dimension of Semantics and Legitimation Code Theory (Maton, 2014) to analyse whether semantic gravity and semantic density are stronger or weaker in the threshold concepts. The analysis points to five threshold concepts in the financial instruments module. It further aims to explore whether African, Coloured and Indian students' exposure to these threshold concepts results in troublesome knowledge and/or transformation in understanding and thinking in a second-year Accounting course at a South African university. Triangulation is used to confirm the authenticity and consistency of the data emerging from the identification of the threshold concepts. Using Semantics, this research illustrates that the five threshold concepts possess weaker semantic gravity due to the abstract nature of the threshold concepts and stronger semantic density is present due to the complex and dense terminology inherent in financial instruments. Evidence from a general survey, interviews and summative assessments conducted with students registered for an Accounting course shows that exposure to the threshold concepts resulted in troublesome knowledge and/or transformed understanding. Identifying the threshold concepts could make specialised Accounting knowledge more explicit to students and exploring the knowledge experienced as troublesome and the transformed understanding experienced provides room for debate around pedagogy and curriculum reform.

This study concerns the alliance against clearcutting that has been formed between the Swedish environmental movement and the Sami movement. Earlier studies on environmentalist/Indigenous alliances have found that such cooperation often has been formed through reproductions of a colonial political relationship, perpetuating Indigenous peoples' structural marginality. This study therefore examines the production of solidarity within this alliance, and attends to how they challenge or reproduce a colonial power asymmetry. The analysis shows that the alliance has formed solidarity over identity and community borders, through conscious commitment to pluralism. This commitment has further shown to rely on the alliance functioning as a site of knowledge-sharing, placing embodied knowledge-practices central to a solidarity production of decolonization. The environmentalists in the alliance have by understanding and recognizing the forests they are seeking to protect as Indigenous land, and as occupied territory central to traditional cultural Indigenous life, enabled a decolonizing reconfiguration of the environment. Notwithstanding, the study problematize certain findings in relation to the risks they demonstrate of reproducing a colonial power asymmetry, and discusses the complexities of environmentalists claiming authority within foreign cultural landscapes, and carrying out protests affecting the social dynamics of Indigenous local communities. / Denna studie rör den allians mot kalhygge som bildats mellan den svenska miljörörelsen och den samepolitiska rörelsen. Tidigare studier om allianser mellan miljöaktivister och urbefolkningar har funnit att sådant samarbete ofta har bildats genom reproduktioner av en kolonial politisk relation, vilket vidmakthåller urbefolkningens strukturella marginalitet. Denna studie undersöker därför produktionen av solidaritet inom denna allians, och utforskar hur de utmanar eller reproducerar en kolonial maktasymmetri. Analysen visar att alliansen skapar solidaritet över identitets- och samhällsgränser, genom ett medvetet engagemang för pluralism. Detta engagemang möjliggörs genom att alliansen fungerar som en plats för kunskapsdelning, vilket placerar förkroppsligade kunskapspraktiker centralt för en solidarisk produktion av avkolonisering. Miljöaktivisterna i alliansen har, genom att förstå och erkänna skogarna som de försöker skydda som ockuperat territorium centralt för traditionellt kulturellt liv, möjliggjort en avkoloniserande omstrukturering av sin framställning av miljön. Studien problematiserar vidare vissa fynd i förhållande till de risker de utgör i att reproducera en kolonial maktsasymmetri, och diskuterar komplexiteten i att miljöaktivister gör anspråk på auktoritet inom främmande kulturlandskap och genomför demonstrationer som påverkar den sociala dynamiken i urbefolkningens lokalsamhällen.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:56:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bettina_Moulin_Coelho_Lima.pdf: 1530563 bytes, checksum: ae4d8f4e95f10d8286e6095bd6dcf183 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-26 / HPV is considered the main sexually transmitted virus and HIV positive women at greater risk for infection, persistence and progression of cervical lesions by HPV.This study aimed to study the prevalence of HPV and its genotypes in a population of HIV seropositive and seronegative women from 18 to 49 years old, attended at the STD clinic in Vitória- ES ,as well to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of women in relation to sexuality and STD and Aids. A crosssectional study conducted with women attended in the service of gynecology of the Reference Center for STD/AIDS, in the period from March to December 2006. We administered a questionnaire containing socio-demographic data, statements and behavior, knowledge, attitudes and strategies to prevent STDs and HIV. The participants were subjected to i) gynecological examination for collection of specimen for Pap smear tests and research of HPV by PCR and ii) blood sample to determine serological tests for HIV. The samples positive for HPV were genotyped by PCR for types described as more common. The study included 284 women and 112 (39.5%) HIV positive and 172 (60.5%) seronegative for HIV.DNA of HPV was detected in 46.8% (133/284) of women, and 56.2% (63/112) and 40.7% (70/172) in the seropositive and seronegative for HIV, respectively genotypes of HPV determined in samples: 16 (21.9%), 6 (19.2%), 18 (9.6%), 11 (8.2%), 31 (13.7%), 33 (15.1 %). Genotypes were not determined in 45.1% of samples (60/133). In the final logistic regression model, the related factors associated with HIV infection were: HPV infection, have more than one sexual partner in the last 12 months, lower educational level and less reporting of previous STD. The questionnaire for assessing knowledge, attitudes, practices and history of sexual and domestic violence was answered by 276 women with 109 (39.5%) HIV positive and 167 (60.5%) HIV-negative. It was identified in HIV seropositive women compared to HIV seronegative : i) more frequent use of condoms (82.6% vs 59.3%), ii) less a history of STDs (41.3% vs 64.1%), and iii) less history of fear of catching AIDS (38.5% vs 67.6%).History of violence due to alcohol was reported by 41.6% (115/276) and history of rape was reported by 28.6% (79/276) of the participants. In relation to prostitution, there was no significant difference between the two groups. HIV seropositive women reported less frequently "to ask their partners to use condoms shows a lack of confidence" when compared with the HIV negative group (31.2% vs. 41.9%, p = 0022). They used condoms more than the group HIV negative (65.1% vs. 32.9%, p = 0000). The highest frequency of correct answers with respect to the transmission of AIDS was transmitted through sexual intercourse (99.6%) and sharing syringes (99.2%) and less frequent was the donation of blood (55.8%). These results show a high prevalence of HPV in women seen in clinic for STDs, especially HIV positive women (p <0.05), women in situations of social vulnerability and level of knowledge not sufficient for perception of risk for adoption the change of behavior and practice safer. / O HPV é considerado o vírus mais freqüente de transmissão sexual, e as mulheres soropositivas para HIV apresentam maiores risco de infecção, de persistência e de progressão de lesões cervicais por HPV. Este estudo objetivou estudar a prevalência do HPV e seus genótipos em população de mulheres de 18 a 49 anos de idade, soropositivas e soronegativas para o HIV, atendidas em clínica de DST em Vitória-ES, como também avaliar os conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas destas mulheres com relação à sexualidade e às DST e Aids. Realizouse estudo de corte transversal com mulheres atendidas no serviço de ginecologia do Centro de Referência em DST/Aids, no período de março a dezembro de 2006. Foi aplicado um questionário contendo dados sócio-demográficos, exposições e comportamentos, conhecimentos, atitudes e estratégias para prevenir DST e HIV. As participantes foram submetidas a: i) exame ginecológico para coleta de espécime para exames colpocitológico e pesquisa de HPV por PCR e ii) coleta de sangue para determinar sorologia para HIV,carga viral e CD4. As amostras positivas para HPV foram genotipadas por PCR para tipos descritos como mais comuns. Participaram deste estudo 284 mulheres, sendo 112 (39,5%) soropositivas e 172 (60,5%) soronegativas para o HIV. DNA de HPV foi detectado em 46,8% (133/284) das mulheres, estando positivo em 56,2% (63/112) e em 40,7% (70/172) do total das soropositivas e soronegativas para o HIV, respectivamente. Os genótipos de HPV nas amostras tipadas foram: 16 (21,9%), 6 (19,2%), 18 (9,6%), 11 (8,2%), 31 (13,7%), 33 (15,1%). Não foram determinados os genótipos de 45,1% (60/133) das amostras. No modelo final de regressão logística, os fatores correlatos associados com a infecção por HIV foram: infecção por HPV, ter mais de um parceiro sexual nos últimos 12 meses, menor nível educacional e menos relato de DST prévia. O questionário para avaliação de conhecimentos, atitudes, práticas e história de violência doméstica e sexual foi respondido por 276 mulheres sendo 109 (39,5%) HIV positivas e 167 (60,5%) HIV negativas. Foi identificado nas mulheres soropositivas para HIV em relação às soronegativas: i) uso mais freqüente de preservativos (82,5% vs 59,3%), ii) menos história de DST (41,3% vs 64,1%) e, iii) menos história de medo de pegar Aids (38,5% vs 67,6%). História de violência devido a álcool foi relatada por 41,6% (115/276) e história de estupro foi relatada por 28,6% (79/276) das participantes. Em relação a prostituição, não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos. Mulheres soropositivas para HIV relataram menos freqüentemente quepedir a seus parceiros para usar preservativos demonstra falta de confiança quando comparadas com o grupo HIV negativo (31,2% vs. 41,9%, p=0,022). Elas usavam mais preservativos que o grupo HIV negativo (65,1% vs. 32,9%, p=0,000). A maior freqüência de respostas corretas com relação à transmissão de Aids foi a transmissão através da relação sexual (99,6%) e compartilhar seringas (99,2%) e a menos freqüente foi a doação de sangue (55,8%). Estes resultados mostram a alta prevalência de HPV em mulheres atendidas em clínica de DST, especialmente nas mulheres HIV positivas (p<0,05); mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social e nível de conhecimento não suficiente para percepção do risco, para adoção de mudança de comportamento e de práticas comportamentais mais seguras.