Zugl.: Cottbus, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 1999.

This Master's thesis is focused on problems of modern agriculture. Current agriculture is facing many problems that already exceed the production area. Among these belong soil degradation caused by inappropriate agricultural practices, erosion phenomena, etc. Both developed and developing countries have experienced these problems. This soil degradation is mainly caused due to lack of soil organic matter content. Current agriculture therefore faces the issue of how to solve this problem. A simple solution is based on increasing the content of the soil organic matter in arable land. In the first part, this thesis describes various problems of modern agriculture and also suggests possible solutions. Regarding to content of soil organic matter, the thesis proposes solutions in the form of compost application into the soil. Besides compost, thesis presents an alternative organic fertilizer Jatropha seed cake. Jatropha seed cake is produced as waste after oil extraction from seeds of Jatropha curcas L. In the first part both of these substrates are further described, along with characterization of Jatropha curcas L. The aim of this thesis was to compare the fertilizing effects of Jatropha seed cake with compost. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. Application effect of Jatropha seed cake and compost on soil and plants was monitored at selected soil indicators. The results describe the impact of Jatropha seed cake and compost application on production of plant biomass, soil hydrophobicity rate, mineral nitrogen mobility and soil microbial activity.

Thesis process water infiltration in the soil at different doses supplied compost at two sites with different soil properties. It was also a variant with one hundred tons per hectare and fifty tons per hectare monitored penetrometric soil resistance. The obtained results suggest a favorable correlation between higher doses supplied compost and reducing penetrometric resistance. Like correlations suggest a beneficial effect of incorporation of higher doses of compost on the value of infiltration.

This master’s thesis focuses on biodegradation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA). The theoretical part discusses an origin, properties and applications of investigated biopolyesters, and so the enzymology of their biodegradation. The experimental part deals with biodegradation of these polymers in liquid medium using several pure thermophilic bacteial strains and controlled composting of these bioplastics. Amongst six tested thermophilic bacterial strains only one showed PHB-biodegradation activity – strain Schlegelella thermodepolymerans. No degradation degree of amorphous or semi-crystalline PLA was observed. Mainly disintegration of both forms of PLA articles was observed in compost environment, thus the abiotic mechanism of its decomposition was indicated. After 4 weeks of composting, the relative weight loss of 99 % and 63 % was detected in amorphous and semi-crystalline PLA respectively. On the contrary, the weight loss of PHB after 4 weeks of composting reached 36 %, moreover, a half decrease of molar mass was observed using SEC. The surface erosive mechanism of PHB-biodegradation was stated using SEM. By monitoring of esterase, lipase and protease activities, no influence on the compost by polymer presence was concluded at statistical significance.

The following master’s thesis examines the use of biothermal energy released during the decomposition process of composting. The aim of this thesis is to explain the heat generation principles of composting, to summarize its consumption possibilities, and to design a suitable use of the source for the demands of a real building. First, the theoretical framework compares various options of the biomass utilization. It then describes the biochemical course of organic matter decomposition, and conceptualizes the term thermocompost as well as different methods of heat extraction. Subsequently, it lists ways of applying this technology in practice. Second, the empirical part uses the findings to propose a compost pile installation, and its connection to the current heating and hot water system in Ecocentre Karpaty in Nová Lhota, Hodonín. Due to the low-temperature nature of the source and the mode of usage of the building, it is recommended to accumulate the heat generated in the hot water storage tank. The preheating of potable water is considered as its primary benefit. In case of sufficiently high temperature of the thermocompost, the design also includes the possibility of preheating of heating water. In conclusion, the thesis evaluates the financial costs of the project and determines the financial savings. These have – due to the low frequency of the building usage and the consumption of hot water reach – relatively low values.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to study to the influence of compost addition to soil humic substances extracted from blackland luvicsol. Humic substances extracted from soil and from compost were characterized by titration with potentiometrical and conductival indication, UV-VIS, FT-IR and 3D EEM fluorescential spectroscopy. Compost in amount of 124, 239 and 478 t/ha was applicated and manured into dept of 150 mm at blackland luvicsol. The main aim of thesis was the appraisal of compost influence into fluorescent attributes of soil HS and localization of fluorescent peaks at excitation emission spectrums. Next part of diploma thesis was focused on the study of spectroscopic attributes of soil HS and compost by UV-VIS and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation. Humic substances were characterized by humifical index E4/E6 and transmissional vibratile spectrums. The last aim of diploma thesis were the characterization of soil HS extracts and compost by acidimetral titration. For each sample was calculated value of H+ ionts amount of substance from measured titrational curves.

The topic of this thesis is Composting of biodegradable waste in Prerov town. The literary part describes biodegradable waste, legislative regulations, statistic data, biodegradable waste management methods and composting process. The practical part describes biodegradable waste management methods in Prerov town. There is described and evaluated a process in composting plant in Prerov Zeravice. After that there is a questioner research how to be potentially use the compost from the composting plant Prerov Zeravice. The questioner research was focused on agriculture organizations which are closed to Prerov town. The closing part of this thesis describes fytotoxicity test results of compost collected samples. In the fytotoxicity test a plant Sinapis alba L. was used.

Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka fem- och elvaåringars vardagsföreställningar kring nedbrytning, kompost och miljöutmärkelsen Grön Flagg, för att vi i vår lärarprofession ska kunna hjälpa barn att utveckla en förståelse för materias kretslopp. Examensarbetet syftar också till att undersöka om det finns kopplingar mellan skolornas aktiva miljöarbete och de föreställningar som studiens barn har. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer och observationer. Tolv barn och fyra lärare deltog i undersökningen. Resultatet av vår studie visar att barnen har en del vardagsföreställningar gällande både nedbrytning, kompost och Grön Flagg. Slutsatsen vi kan dra av vårt arbete är att det måste avsättas tid för att kombinera praktiskt och teoretiskt arbete för att barnen ska få möjlighet till en ökad förståelse kring materias kretslopp och Grön Flagg.

Under kandidatarbetet tilldelades man en plats på landsbygden där en ny typ av folketshus skulle ta form. Uppgiften blev att formge en hybridstruktur mellan det mer traditionella folkets hus och en produktion anpassad till platsen och dess förutsättningar.    Den tilldelade marken var ett naturreservat, placerad utanför Järna i Södertälje. Området präglades av stora fält av monokultur, en obrukad mjölkgård och ett högaktivt campingområde.  Förslaget baseras på tanken om en avvecklad monokultur där skogen får hjälp på traven att återta sin förlorade rymd. Med hjälp utav ett Rewildingprojekt där olika betesdjur som älg, ko och vildsvin betar och bökar marken kommer platsen sakta återgå till vildmark. Projektet bygger på ett koncept där områdets känsliga naturmiljö står i det första rummet. Strukturer, aktiviteter och verksamheter som appliceras på platsen bör därför oavkortat tillföra något till rekreationen av den utdränerade marken i reservatet.  Denna nya folkets hus föreslås därför bli ett hybridprogram mellan det som mer traditionellt sätt ses som folketshus och ett andligt rum, frikopplat från religion, där en ny typ av dödsomsorg introduceras på svensk mark. Den obrukade mjölkgården på Farstanäs naturreservat blir mål för den nya verksamheten där både mänskliga och animaliska kvarlevor omvandlas till näringsrik gödsel som oavkortat sprids över den utdränerade marken. Genom att jorda kvarlevorna av nära och kära i sakramentala silos på gården kommer de genom en komposteringsprocess kunna bli en del av naturen i reservatet. Det blir ett sätt för människan att ge tillbaka till naturen, samtidigt som man kan finna sin sista vila inbäddad bland trädens trygga kronor. Det mer traditionella folketshus-delen av hybridprogrammet adderar liv till platsen där scener och publika arbetsytor flätas samman med den mer allvarsamma sorgeakten som annars hade kännetecknat området och komposteringen. / The project was built on a mandatory idea of a new rural civic house where the people and a manufacturing process would share a common ground. The assigned ground for was a nature reserve placed in the outside of Järna in Södertälje (Sweden). The area is today characterized by big fields of monoculture, an unused dairy-farm, and a highly active camping site.  The proposal is built on the idea of a phased-out monoculture, where the forest will take back it´s lost ground through a Rewilding project. Grazing animals of different types will beet and root the land back to wilderness. The proposed project is built on a concept where the recreation of vulnerable habitat is the highest priority. Therefore, every structure, activity or business which is applied on the land should contribute to the recreation of the damaged land.    The new civic house is therefore proposed to be a hybrid between the typical civic house and a new spiritual space, disconnected from religion, where a new death care is introduced on Swedish ground. The unused dairy-farm on the given land will transform to the new business where human and animalic remains will convert to nutrient soil, which will be spread over the damages land in the nature reserve.  The bodies of the loved ones will be placed in sacramental silos on the farm where they, through a compost process, will be united with the wilderness of the reserve.    The more typical civic house will play it’s roll in the program by adding life to the area where staged and public workspaces intertwine with the more serious funeral ceremony in the silos.

Organically overfertilization cambisoil modal after conversion to kultizem horticka was further fertilized in version P compost industry (communal) and version H compost humus (agricultural) containing 13,72% of humus and 22,78% of the primary organic matter over a period of 6 years dose 50 t / ha annually. Fertilization with an actual compost H in organically fertilized soil reflected not only by increasing the ion exchange capacity of the soil, but also a significant improvement of water regime of soil, manifested by a quarter greater ability to maintain the water in the soil and 44% lower amount of water, physiologically ineffective.