The first section of this thesis describes possible energy savings in family houses. Subsequently, possible energy savings are applied to, and a system revision is presented for, an office building, along with a calculation of the return on investment for the described variant based on notice 480/2012 Sb. The final section focuses on the measurement of the indoor environment at an administrative building (CO2, air temperature, relative humidity) and their assessment according to the current legislation.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the influence of land use changes on erosion and runoff conditions. For the purpose of the evaluation, two catchments with different areas and pedological characteristics were selected (the catchment of the river Luha and the catchment of the Hubenov reservoir). In these catchments, a comparison of 26 selected land covers was conducted. The individual land covers were evaluated first in four seasons of the 1950s and 1990s, second according to the today's status of landscape by means of a detailed yearly evaluation conducted between 2002 and 2013, and third according to a land cover conceptual design. Analyses of not only land cover, but also geomorphological, pedological and hydrological conditions were carried out for both of the catchments by means of geographic information system (GIS) tools. The quantification of soil loss was performed by means of two methods – the method USLE with the use of ArcGIS program and the soil loss model WEPP. The crucial factor of the runoff evaluation of the preset end profiles with respect to the formation of concentrated runoffs and their catchment areas was the hydrological model DesQ-MAXQ. The selected land cover scenarios of the river Luha were then exposed to the conditions of a real rainfall that occurred in 2009 and that resulted in floods in the area. Furthermore, a rainfall-runoff model was created for this catchment area in HEC-HMS; the land cover scenarios were again subjected to the above-mentioned real rainfall. The land use changes of the catchment area of the reservoir Hubenov were assessed also with respect to the concentration of substances in the profiles studied.

Master thesis solves the level of CO2 concentration in the premises of universities in Brno. The main objectives of the processed data measured from two monitored rooms, compare it with the permissible limits of concentration, evaluate the effectiveness of natural ventilation and develop a more efficient way to exchange air with forced venti-lation. Space solutions are part of the Philosophical Faculty of Masaryk University, the fourth above-ground floors of buildings A and B1. The theoretical part deals with CO2 concentrations, measurement methods, the influence of CO2 on the organism and the assessment of daylight.

This master thesis is dealing with the use of light scattering techniques in the study on formation of polyelectrolyte complexes in the system biopolymer-surfactant. Sodium hyaluronate was chosen as biopolymer and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and karbethopendecinium bromide were selected as surfactants. The first precipitation experiments were performed to determine the optimal concentration range of surfactants for subsequent titration measurements performed on Zetasizer Nano ZS and for SEC-MALS analysis. The key parameters obtained from these measurements were the values of critical aggregation concentrations in hyaluronate-surfactant systems. It was found out that the increasing molecular weight of hyaluronan in these systems is causing reduction of obtained values of critical aggregation concentrations. Changes of Z-average particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, conformation plot, radius of gyration and molecular weight in the hyaluronan-surfactant system were monitored during experiments.

The present Master thesis focuses on evalution of CO2 concentration and irradiance on selected leaf anatomical parameters of European Beech (Common Beech) Fagus sylvatica L.. The process of photosynthesis is remarkably determined by numerous extrenal factors, among them by atmoshperic CO2 concentration and irradiance and is closely correlated with leaf anatomical parameters. One of these most important anatomical parameters affecting the net assimilation rate is an internal leaf surface, which corresponds to mesophyll area avialable for gas exhcange. Experimental material of the study was sampled from the leaves of juvenile trees of F. sylvatica planted in 2005 and growing under ambient (390 ppm, AC) and elevated (700 ppm, EC) CO2 concentrations on the experimental site of the Global Change Research Center AS CR at Bílý Kříž in the Beskydy Mountains. Sun and shade leaves were sampled from trees of both CO2 treatments in two seasons 3 years apart (2009 and 2012). To determine leaf anatomical parameters, the stereological methods were applied, which yield unbiased estimation of measured parameters, particularly the Fakir method for internal leaf surface determination. The EC effect was observed on the leaves sampled in 2009 only in the decrease of proportion of intercellular spaces in mesophyll. In...

In terms of air pollution, ground-level ozone is according to current knowledge, contributes the most to damage to ecosystems. To calculate the key indicators of potential damage to ecosystems, such as the exposure index AOT40 and stomatal flux, it is important to know the hourly ozone concentrations, which are the input data for both calculations. For the measurement of O3 air pollution concentrations for the purposes of environmental studies, continuous measurement is not used, but measurement by passive (diffusion) dosimeters, which are exposed for a longer period (usually 1 week-1 month) and thus indicate the average concentration for the relevant longer period. The aim of this diploma thesis is the prediction of hourly concentrations of ground-level ozone from measurements by diffusive samplers, which took place in the period 2006-2010 in Jizerské hory mountains. Monitoring always took place for 2 weeks during the vegetation seasons (April-October) at localities and at various altitudes (714 m above sea level - 1,000 m above sea level). Ogawa diffusive samplers were used. From these average and meteorological concentrations, hourly values of ground-level ozone concentrations were calculated according to the model from professional study and these were compared with measurements from an...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist on Laboratory Methods Author: Bc. Lenka Králíková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma: Atypical mycobacteria as causative agents of human diseases The aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize the history of mycobacteria, their classification, epidemiology of nontuberculous infections, clinical significance, diagnosis, resistance, and treatment options. Within the epidemiology, the way of managing tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterioses is compared. Mycobacterioses are rare diseases, which incidence is gradually increasing with the increasing number of immunocompromised patients. Based on the spot of infection, we divide them into lymphadenitis, skin lesions, lung disease and disseminated infections. The most frequently isolated pathogens are Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium kansasii. The experimental part is devoted to the antimycobacterial activity of newly synthesized compounds, which could find application in the future in the treatment of tuberculosis and other mycobacterioses. Substance testing was performed on strains of the genus Mycobacterium...

This work focuses on examination of hyaluronan-sulfactant aggregates in term of determination of aggregate number. The value of critical micellar concentration (CMC) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in three different solvents (water, phosphate buffer and physiological solution). Next the effect of the native hyaluronan supplement on the value of CMC was examined. It wasfound out that the solvent has the biggest effect on the value of CMC whilst the hyaluronan supplement affects CMC only a little. The aggregate number (Nagg) CTAB and the effect of the native hyaluronan supplement were determined out by means of fluorescence quenching. Pyrene was used as a fluorescence probe. Iodine and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were used as quenchers. Sulfactant was dissolved in three different solvents (water, phosphate buffer and physiological solution). Not only the hyaluronan supplement but also the used solvent has the strong effect on the value of the aggregate number. When using 10mM CTAB dissolved in physiological solution the value of Nagg was 119 ± 4 while the value was half in buffer. Then we found out that in most cases the hyaluronan supplement reduces the value of the aggregate number.

The thesis consists of two basic parts. The first research part creates an introduction to the root zone wastewater treatment plants. It contains mainly causes of filter environment colmation and its theoretical solution methods, which are further solved in the laboratory. The master’s thesis attempts to find a simple way, which would in future be possible to evaluate the rate of sedimentation of the sludge material, which causes filtration environment colmation. Results of developed methodology will be used in practice by washing colmated filtration material, respectively colmatant separation in sedimentation tank. The thesis focuses to verify the possibility flocculation and mineralization of sludge, which adheres to the surface of the filtration material. The solution lies in the observation of sedimentation rate (after previous dilution) using by the turbidimetric method, based on the beam-column passage through muddy water. The results show that it is not critical ambient temperature, but the time effect of natural mineralization in combination with moisture (dry matter concentration, the amount of water). The present thesis evaluates the possibilities and application method, leading to the natural regeneration of the filtration material exposed to natural climatic conditions.

This thesis is focused on the methods of separation of baseflow and comparing of these metods. It is analyzing concentrations of total phosphorus in the total runoff and influence of baseflow to concentrations of phosphorus in total runoff. The studied area is subcatchment P52 in the catchment Kopaninský flow. Subcatchments P52 is small (64,93 hectares), drained agro-forestry catchment in Českomoravská vrchovina (Czech-Moravian highlands), with a large proportion of forest area (64% forest and 31% of arable land). Studied the period is hydrological period 2009 - 2011. To obtain the necessary results are used daily flow, daily concentrations, daily precipitation of rain gauge station Velký Rybník and monthly precipitation from rain gauge stations of the ČHMŮ (Czech Hydrometeorological Institute) in Humpolec. For the separation of the baseflow and comparison of methods were selected five methods: - method of digital filter according to Chapman (1999), - method UKIH designed by Institute of hydrology (1980), - method RDF proposed by LINE AND Hollick (1979), - method FUKIH proposed by AKOSY AT. AL. (2009) and - method of Kille (1970). All methods are simple to perform and not challenging to input data. When comparing methods, the main problem is that, the results obtained by different methods are very different. Another point of this work is to evaluate the concentrations of total phosphorus in the tatal runoff. Here is analyzed series of daily concentrations of total phosphorus and monthly and annual average concentrations. Low and high concentrations are compared with the values ??of precipitation and clinks are searched between these values. The main problem is that, the concentration of phosphorus are not dependent only on precipitation. The last point is solution of influnence of baseflow to the amount of total phosphorus in the runoff. Here is used the procedure which described BYSTŘICKÝ in its work (2012). There are determined values concentrations typical of baseflow, for direct runoff and total runoff. Groups of values ??are mutually tested and compared. The results show that, the baseflow is negligible contributor of phosphorus to the total runoff, but to achieve more accurate results would be needed to analyse a longer time period (eg 10 years) and compare the results with several different river basins.