The work is focused for the use of the monitoring of the content of RP realized ÚKZÚZ in forest soils Novohradské Mountains and the Beskydy mountain, statistical assessment of the level of RP content in soils and their spatial distribution and evaluation of the influence of factors, statistical comparison between the different areas of content, different types of vegetation, soil horizons (analysis of variance, t-test). They assessed the relationship between the content of individual RP and RP between content and soil properties (correlation and regression analysis). The work also contains maps of the spatial distribution of content RP in forest soils of the area.

This thesis is concerning with microbic contamination problematics during the production and sale of confectionery products. It defines the level of contamination we can find in the mentioned confectionery products. It also gives out the basic and the most important pathogens. Besides that it shows how to avoid the contamination and which methods and processes during the production and sale could be used. The experimental determination of the important microogranisms is also part of this thesis. We have done an microbiological analysis of the confectionery products which was bought in two diffenert confectionery stores. We have also done smears on different places of the stores and checkings to find an appereance of microorganisms in the air in each of these stores.

Main objective of the diploma thesis was to observe the concentrations of selected types of drugs in the environment around the area of the village Horní Beřkovice. This goal was achieved by monitoring of the drugs concentration in surface and ground waters at Horní Beřkovice site. Monitoring system allowed to detect the passage of pollution from the source of the contamination, through sewage treatment plant, the unsaturated zone and aquifer to a potential user of contaminated groundwater. The diploma thesis is based on the field data from TACR project. I have analyzed data from the six samplings at the area of the village Horní Beřkovice with regard to the observed drugs or their residues in surface and ground waters. I have compared the results with data from the sewage treatment plants in the river basin of Želivka. Keywords: ground water, surface water, sewage treatment plant, drugs, contamination

The main aim of this experimental work is to describe, based on laboratory experiments, how the change of lubricant condition affects friction and wear of the lubricated node. The changes studied will be contamination of the oil with moisture, solid particles and its oxidative degradation. For this purpose, a tribometer in a block-on-ring configuration and a back-to-back device will be used.

Brownfields are one of the unfavorable parts of industrial heritage that developed from 18th to 20th century. Brownfields are very different and in most cases they have negative impact on the environment. Crucial for this thesis were brownfields with certain level of contaminations. The site of a former refinery of mineral oils OSTRAMO, which represents ecological burden, is a brownfield that can threaten the environment in all its compartments. This was the reason why OSTRAMO was selected for this thesis. The goal of this thesis was to evaluation of ecotoxicological effects of contaminated samples taken from the location via ecotoxicity testing in aquatic and contact arrangement. The result of each test confirmed expected negative impact of the samples from the location of former rafinery on testing organisms.

As a result of nuclear weapons tests and accidents of nuclear power plant which has occurred during the recent history, a radiocaesium (137Cs) was released to the environment. Considering the half-life, radiocaesium has been still presented and detected in the components of the Czech environment, especially in forest ecosystem. Radiocaesium content and transfer was studied in the individual biotic component of forest ecosystem using the bilberry plants (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) which excel in effective radiocaesium accumulation ability. During the last three years, the collection more than 350 samples was conducted. The samples of vegetative and generative parts of bilberries and soil samples were collected from mountain area of interest which were severely contaminated with radiocaesium. Average surface activity of radiocaesium was 4007 Bq.m-2 for Jeseníky, 2807 Bq.m-2 for Orlické hory and 1783 Bq.m-2 for Krkonoše. Depending on the soil properties of the sample locality, the aggregated transfer factor (TF-AG) was established. The aggregated transfer factor for radiocaesium reached values ranging from 4,42E-03 to 3,25E-01 m2.kg-1. The values of aggregated transfer factor demonstrated slight but statistically highly significant negative correlations with content of clay particles. The weak but statistically significant positive correlation between aggregated transfer factor and content of humus was determined. The slight but statistically significant negative correlation between aggregated transfer factor and active soil reaction was also identified. The correlation between TF-AG and altitude was not proven. However, based on the multivariate analysis the Generalized Linear Model (GLM procedure), only content of clay particles and active pH had highly significant effect on the aggregated transfer factor. Effect of other tested factors was not established. Radiocaesium translocation analyses demonstrated the significant seasonal variation of 137Cs in bilberry plant. Radiocaesium percentage representation was identified in the individual parts of bilberry plant as follows. Stems of bilberry demonstrated the lowest content of radiocaesium, then fruits, subsequently leaves and the root kept the highest content of radiocesium. Consumption of herbal bilberry tea and bilberry fresh fruit does not endanger the health of the Czech population and the contribution to total radiation dose is negligible.

Mining of precious metals poses a threat to the environment by heavy metal contamination. Soil contamination by selected heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) and its effect on woody species used for afforestation was investigated at selected localities (Příbram-Březové Hory, Banská Štiavnica-Lintich, Olkusz-Bolesław). Concentrations of the heavy metals in the soil and assimilation apparatus were determined by the XRF method and other soil characteristics (pH, humus content, texture) were also determined. At all the localities, the pollution indicators have been exceeded, both for soils and for trees. In the case of trees, it was mainly zinc contamination and the maximum values of Zn in their assimilation apparatus on reclaimed areas have exceeded the lower limit of the pollution indicator 3 times in the case of Březové Hory, 11 times in the case of Lintich and 23 times in the case of Bolesław. The evidence of the heavy metal intoxication in the trees was also found. Based on the found situation and the planned use of reclaimed areas, management has been designed to improve the situation.

SUMMARY: This thesis is focused on identification of spatial distribution of Pb, Zn and Cu pollution in floodplain sediments of the Litavka River and reconstruction of its pollution history related to mining and metallurgy of Ag, Pb and Zn in the Příbram area. Sampling was performed in floodplain and sediments were analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED XRF) in aim to understand the distribution of the target elements in the floodplain fill. The results of ED XRF were calibrated by analyses of selected sediment samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with (ICP- MS). The same method was used to determine ratios of lead stable isotopes 206 Pb and 207 Pb. Additionally, magnetic susceptibility was measured, granulometric analysis of selected samples was performed, and cation-exchange capacity (CEC) was determined. The aim of the work was to attempt to reconstruct history of pollution of the floodplain sediments. Sediment dating was performed by 14 C, 137 Cs and 210 Pb. Key words: aluvial sediment, contamination, heavy metals, reconstruction

This thesis provides an overview of mercury distribution in the forest soils located in vicinity of historical and current mercury emission sources. The sites were chosen around Bohemian Karst due to presence of emission source, i.e. iron production processes, cement plants, lime processing plants. The chosen sites were near municipalities of Králův Dvůr, Radotín and Hrádek u Rokycan. From these sites the soils samples were collected from organic and mineral horizons. Average mercury concentration in organic horizons was 288 µg.kg-1, organo-mineral horizons A contained 241 µg.kg-1, anthropogenic horizons M 287 µg.kg-1 and horizons B 56 µg.kg-1 only. The relations among mercury and soil components were tested. Strong link between mercury, soil organic matter (SOM) and sulfur was found. The result indicated that the origin of mercury in soil samples was atmospheric deposition rather than bedrock. High concentrations of oxalate extractable aluminum, iron and manganese in mineral horizons have been explained as the cause of bedrock weathering. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere and accidents in nuclear energy facilities in the last 50 years caused significant contamination of the environment. Half-life of certain leaked radionuclides is several decades and therefore they are still present in today's environment. That is the reason why there is still on going monitoring of radiation situation in the Czech Republic in order to determine the behaviour and kinetics of anthropogenic radionuclides in the environment and the severity of radiological impact on humans. The results of this monitoring serve to review the radiation situation, observe long-term trends and last but not least to gain new knowledge that could facilitate the management od radiological emergencies. The aim of this thesis was to measure the content of 137Cs in soils under and around leafy tree crowns in the area affected by radiation fall and to find out whether the tree's crown has an effect on the distribution of 137Cs in the soils below them. To this end, a research question has been set: Do tree crowns affect the distribution of cesium in the soils below them? For better intelligibility, the introduction of the thesis is devoted to information about ionizing radiation, basic terms and quantities in the field of ionizing radiation, sources of radionuclide contamination, especially the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, environmental and population contamination, and elements important for the practical part of this work. The theoretical part is followed by research methodology. The soil samples were collected under five leafy trees of the Walnut species that met the set criteria for collection. Under each tree, samples were taken in three directions at an angle of 120° always at the trunk, in the middle of the crown, at the edge of the crown and outside the crown. Thus, 12 samples per tree, a total of 60 samples. Dry and purified soil samples were measured by semiconductor gamma spectrometry which determined 137Cs radionuclide mass activity values as well as naturally occurring radionuclide40K. Graphs were generated from the measured values. Despite the frequent deviations that may be caused by natural phenomena or human activities, it was found out that tree crowns affect the distribution of 137Cs in the soils below them.