The aim of the thesis is to analyse the interjections in Spanish and Czech with regard to Catalan. The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical one is focused on the definition of interjections form the grammatical point of view; moreover, it describes the distinction between proper and improper interjections. Subsequently, it goes through the role of interjections in the field of pragmatics, especially in terms of interpretation of the utterance and expression of its modal meanings. According to the predominant function, they are classified into mainly three categories - expressive, apellative and phatic. The practical part is focused on analysing some of the most important Spanish proper interjections: eh, ah, oh, ay, bah, uy, ja, zas, pum, hum and uf and their Catalan equivalent eh, ah, oh, ai, bah, ui, ha ha, zas (or xac), pum, hum and uf. The analysis is based on the linguistic corpus InterCorp. The most important part of the practical part are Spanish interjections and their Czech equivalents, while the Catalan ones are considered complementary. Key words: interjections - Spanish - Czech - Catalan - modality - pragmatics - linguistic corpus

This diploma thesis deals with the defectiveness of present converb in contemporary Russian language. The first part outlines the theoretical solutions of converb in Russian language, its origin and diachronic development. The second part presents basic grammar books illustrating the codification of defectiveness of present converb during the 20th and early 21st century. The grammars of Lomonosov, Grech and Vostokov, which illustrate the state of codification in the previous period, are composed to supplement. On the basis of theoretical knowledge and data from the grammars most often forbidding forms of the converbs were chosen and then submitted to corpus analysis. The aim of the corpus analysis was to verify the actual usage of the forbidding forms of present converbs in literary texts. key words: morphology; Russian; converb; codification; use; corpus

This diploma thesis deals with diminutives, a special type of words that can express something smaller than usual (i.e. quantitative modification) or the speaker's attitude and feelings (often positive) towards an object or a person (i.e. qualitative modification). In flectional and agglutinant languages (such as Czech and Finnish), diminutives are mostly formed by adding a diminutive suffix to the stem of a base word. This work aims to examine whether Czech diminutives are also translated to Finnish with the use of a diminutive form. If they are not directly translatable, this work is to find out what equivalent does the translator use instead. In the theoretical part, I give a brief description of diminutive suffixes in Czech and Finnish. Most of these suffixes can have more functions than just forming diminutives. Another problem is the process of lexicalisation when a diminutive form acquires a new meaning and becomes a new lexical unit of the language. This means that a selection is needed to be made to exclude words that have a diminutive form but not a diminutive meaning. The practical part is based on an analysis of data from a corpus that contains fifteen Czech books and their translations to Finnish. I selected fifteen frequent diminutives and attempted to find out how they are translated...

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die metaphorischen Konzepte, die Herz- und Hand-Somatismen der deutschen und der albanischen Sprache zugrunde liegen. Gestützt auf die kognitive Metapherntheorie und die holistisch geprägte kognitive Semantik wird die semantische Klassifizierung der ausgewählten Somatismen in metaphorische Konzepte unternommen. Somatismen gehören zum Grundwortschatz jeder Sprache und da sie zweifach anthropozentrisch sind, ist man der Überzeugung, dass metaphorische Konzepte, die auf solchen Bezeichnungen beruhen, einen universellen Charakter aufweisen. Des Weiteren werden die Vorkommenshäufigkeit und die Erscheinung der deutschen Somatismen in belletristischen und in Pressetexten korpusbasiert untersucht, um zu ermitteln, welche Konzepte in der Gegenwartssprache lebendig sind und welche Phraseologismen als Fossile lediglich in Wörterbüchern existieren. Abschließend folgt eine Analyse der stilistischen Funktion von ausgewählten deutschen Somatismen in Zeitungstexten. In der albanischen Phraseologie ist der kognitive Ansatz noch kaum Gegenstand von Forschungsarbeiten geworden. Auch kontrastive linguistische Untersuchungen in Bezug auf das Sprachenpaar Deutsch-Albanisch auf dem Gebiet der Kognitiven Linguistik und der konzeptuellen Metapher sind sehr selten. Daher setzt sich die vorliegende Arbeit als Ziel, eine Forschungslücke teilweise zu füllen. / This work studies the metaphorical concepts which are on the foundations of somatic idioms deriving from the words "heart" and "hand", in German language and in Albanian as well. The semantic classification of the selected somatic idioms in metaphorical concepts is done based on the metaphor’s cognitive theory and the holistic cognitive semantics. The somatic idioms are part of the basic vocabulary of every language, and because of their double anthropocentric character there exist the idea that the metaphorical concepts based on these denominations indicate a universal character. Furthermore the frequency of usage and the presence of German somatic idioms in literary texts and journalistic texts are analyzed based on corpus linguistics in order to find out which concepts are mostly used in today’s language and which phraseologisms simply exist as fossils in dictionaries. While concluding, an analysis of stylistic function of some selected German somatic idioms in journalistic texts is given. The cognitive approach has not been yet object to scientific researches in the Albanian phraseology. Even the contrastive linguistic studies in regard to the German-Albanian language pair, in the field of cognitive linguistics and conceptual metaphor, are very rare. Thus one of the goals of this study is to partly fill an emptiness of the scientific research on this field of study.

My diploma thesis deals with phrasal verbs in Italian (it. verbi sintagmatici), such as andare via, andare su, buttare via, mandare gi? etc. In the first part of the thesis I will describe the disposition of these complex verbs theoretically with help of secondary literature. After that I´ll explain their position in current Italian language, especially their frequency of use on the basis of dictionaries and corpuses. The second, practical part is the core of this thesis. The aim of this work is to search Czech opposites of the selected sample of the Italian phrasal verbs. I put emphasis on their possible meanings. The thesis includes the dictionary with meanings of phrasal verbs.

This diploma thesis deals with a lexicalized comparison, whose basic words are animal names, zooapelativa. Phraseology and idiomatic language are described in the theoretical part. This part is based not only on Čermák's conception but also on the definition and classification of basic units of this linguistic discipline - set phrase and idioms. The practical part mainly describes animal appellation (bull, duck, cat, goat, cow, horse, sheep, dog, pig and hen). Linguistic analysis, inspirited by the Czech national corpus, focuses on the frequency of the given phrasal units, their diversity and update extent.

<p>This essay reviews vocabulary samples from three different textbooks, which are readers for the basic course in English at an upper secondary school in Sweden. The aim of the study is to determine whether the word samples from the readers’ word lists consist mostly of high- or low frequency words and if the words denote any particular semantic fields. Moreover, the possible use of word frequencies in second language acquisition is also examined. The method used in ascertaining the quality of the words is comparing the word samples to the BNC (the British National Corpus) and analysing how frequently they occur in written and spoken modern English. The results are based on the findings from the analysis made in this study and also compared to current research in the fields of linguistics and language acquisition. The results exhibit both overrepresentation- and absence of words in particular semantic fields. For instance, words from the semantic field concerning ‘food and cooking’ were found to be somewhat predominant. The findings also include support for the use of word frequencies in language acquisition, especially in terms of how words are translated from English into Swedish in the textbooks’ wordlists. The only Swedish synonym given was in some cases item of the least frequent usage in modern English, according to the BNC. <strong> </strong></p><h1> </h1><h1> </h1><p> </p>

This essay reviews vocabulary samples from three different textbooks, which are readers for the basic course in English at an upper secondary school in Sweden. The aim of the study is to determine whether the word samples from the readers’ word lists consist mostly of high- or low frequency words and if the words denote any particular semantic fields. Moreover, the possible use of word frequencies in second language acquisition is also examined. The method used in ascertaining the quality of the words is comparing the word samples to the BNC (the British National Corpus) and analysing how frequently they occur in written and spoken modern English. The results are based on the findings from the analysis made in this study and also compared to current research in the fields of linguistics and language acquisition. The results exhibit both overrepresentation- and absence of words in particular semantic fields. For instance, words from the semantic field concerning ‘food and cooking’ were found to be somewhat predominant. The findings also include support for the use of word frequencies in language acquisition, especially in terms of how words are translated from English into Swedish in the textbooks’ wordlists. The only Swedish synonym given was in some cases item of the least frequent usage in modern English, according to the BNC.

Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 2009

Zugl.: Hannover, Univ., Diss., 2008