El presente volumen ofrece un corpus del castellano hablado que consiste en 20 entrevistas realizadas en el municipio de Getxo, País Vasco. En la breve introducción se resume el marco de la investigación en la que se recogieron los datos, se describen los criterios de selección de los informantes y se explican los aspectos más importantes de la convención de transcripción aplicada. / Bei dem vorliegenden Buch handelt es sich um ein Korpus des gesprochenen Spanisch. Es besteht aus 20 Interviews, die in der Gemeinde Getxo, Baskenland, erhoben wurden. In der kurzen Einleitung werden der Rahmen, in dem die Daten erhoben wurden, beschrieben, die der Informantenauswahl zugrunde gelegten Kriterien erklärt und die wichtigsten Aspekte der angewandten Transkriptionskonvention skizziert. / In this volume we offer a corpus of spoken Spanish consisting of 20 interviews collected in the municipality of Getxo, Basque Country. The short introduction describes the framework within which these data were collected, explains the criteria for the selection of the interviewees and outlines the most important aspects of the transcription conventions used.

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Abstract Modus Operandi is an attempt to conceptualize and materialize the intriguing difference between owning an object and owning your own identity. To be mirrored by a physical object, something with a tangible presence, when your identity feels slippery and volatile. The work is approached by mixing contemporary and historical symbols and ornaments to convey a sense of how our heritage affects the present and the eclectic mix that constitutes a human being. This project is based on the creation of a modular system for making a candlestick, which will tell your personal history – both past, present and future. A modular object as an invitation to introspection. A domestic candlestick to mirror yourself, in your own home, to create a link between your inner self and the rest of the world. Traditional materials, such as bronze and brass are used to make the candlestick. Beyond this contemporary or somehow misplaced symbols and techniques are incorporated, in order to create tension between tradition and contemporary identity markers. Fueled by the inspiration from the alchemical holistic view of the world and using symbols one can view the candlestick as one’s own spiritual alchemical lab to conduct the Magnum opus.

The youngest word class type used to arouse great interest and discussions when entering the grammar; in some countries (e. g. in Germany) particles have been an object of systematic research. However, many other languages still lack a complex description of particles as a class on its own - they represent an appropriate material also for comparative researches. Differences in functioning and theoretical treatment of particles have been present in typologically different languages but they can emerge also in related languages, even in the case of Slovak and Czech. Lexicographical and grammar descriptions of these languages provide only small sets of particles (in Slovak roughly amounting to 400, in Czech exceeding 200) and are usually divided by authors into small groups and further on into even smaller subgroups. Due to specific features as well as to paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations with other language or speech phenomena even one particle or a couple of them or a narrowly defined group of particles can become an object of individual scientific and research projects. Step by step, our thesis presents the development of attitudes towards particles as an independent word class in general and in Russian linguistics in particular, grammar descriptions of particles in Slovak, Czech and other...

This thesis deals with the definition of numerals and its position in the system of words classes. First, briefly describes the history and current attitudes to general issue of parts- of- speech classification in the context of foreign and Czech linguistics. Subsequently, a different theoretical concepts Czech linguistics devoted to the issue of speech numerals from the mid-20th century to the present. Based on the contextual analysis of data from the database of the Czech National Corpus then verifies the current classification criteria of parts-of-speech classification. At the same time tests on a prototypical numerals new approach to the definition of numerals as separate species, based on the context units surveyed. Finally submits proposals that are based on statistically processed outputs of contextual analysis. Key words: numerals, classification of numerals, context analysis, Czech National Corpus, corpus analysis

This thesis presents an insight into the phenomenon of cranberry collocations. In opposition to their prevailing conception as a marginal part of phraseology, it shows, on the basis of corpus data, that their nature is very diverse and deserves a broader view. It suggests statistical tools which can be used to search for cranberry words in corpora. Based on an analysis of the data obtained by this method, it presents a classification and description of the phenomenon in Czech, including some problematic points. These findings are subsequently used for comparison of cranberry collocations in Czech with data obtained in the same way in Slovak, French and English.

Aim of this MA thesis is to describe Spanish diminutives from different points of view. After defining basic concepts from morphology and lingu- istics the study focuses on traditional and pragmatic semantics of Spanish diminutives. The pragmatic point of view is the basis for analysis of particu- lar diminutives. In the conclusion, the traditional and pragmatic approaches to Spanish diminutives are compared.

Die vorliegende Abhandlung leistet einen Beitrag zu der noch längst nicht genügend untersuchten Modalitätsproblematik in althochdeutschen Bibeltexten. Bei den bisherigen historischen Untersuchungen wurden die kommunikativen Bedingungen für das Vorkommen der Modalitätsausdrücke nicht oder nicht hinreichend genug beachtet. Daher hat sich die Arbeit zum Ziel gesetzt, die sprachlichen Ausdrucksformen der Modalität unter dem kommunikativen Gesichtspunkt zu behandeln und neue Punkte zum Thema "Modalität im Althochdeutschen" zur Diskussion zu stellen. Die Analyse ist diskursiv angelegt: Die jeweiligen Modalitätsformen werden auf dem Hintergrund des gesamten Textes dargestellt und aus dem jeweiligen Kontext heraus erklärt. Als Textgrundlage fungiert das selbst erstellte historische Korpus der zwei biblischen Evangelienharmonien aus dem 9. Jahrhundert (der ahd. 'Tatian' und 'Otfrids Evangelienbuch'). / This work addresses the problem of modality in Old High German bible texts. In historical research so far, the communicative circumstances for the appearance of expressions of modality have not been taken into account or at least not enough. Thus, the aim of this work is, to look at linguistic expressions of modality from a communicative point of view and to open up the discussion about some new issues within the field of "Modality in Old High German". The analysis takes on a discoursal stance: each form of modality is described on the background of the text as a whole und explained in each individual context. The text samples scrutinized are two bible texts from the 9th century, namely the old high german 'Tatian' (Diatesseron) and 'Otfrids Evangelienbuch' (Otfrid von Weißenburg’s Gospel Book).

This diploma thesis focuses on the evolution of the present indicative of Italian language, the thesis presents the evolution starting from Latin and finishing with a description of linguistic situation of Italian of the 19th century. The thesis incorporates two parts that are both connected - the theoretical and the analytical ones. In the first part, the basic notions such as morfology, paradigm, grammatical categories are presented and defined. Next chapters are dedicated to the situation in Latin, Old Italian and Italian of the 19th century. The second part deals with research of applied forms of selected Italian verbs. Two language corporas - OVI and DiaCORIS - are used for this part. OVI represents the period of Old Italian, while DiaCORIS describes the period of the Italian of the 19th century. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the main tendencies reguarding the evolution of present indicative and through language corpora to provide some examples of selected verbs.

The public opinion on the favourability towards the police varies greatly in the different populations in the United States. This is a corpus linguistic study that investigates a possible change in semantic prosody of the word cop. The study also investigates the distribution of the keyword in the different subcorpora to see if it has driven an overall change in the semantic prosody. The source is the Corpus of Historical American English, dating from 1800 to 2009. The Corpus of Historical American English is divided into four subcategories that have a median of 51% fictional material throughout the corpus. The four subcategories in the corpus are fiction, news, popular magazines, and non-fictional books. The data are divided into two categories, the first one being the positive/neutral category and the second category being the negative category. Neutral/positive is when cop is used with neutral or positive connotations and the negative is when cop is used with negative connotations. The period studied is that of 1859 to 2009 and this time span is divided into four periods to be more manageable. The distribution of the word in the subcorpora shows that the cop is used mostly in fictional material. The results show that the use of cop in contextual positive or neutral situations increase during the time span. To further this matter additional studies on cop in other corpora from America and other parts of the speaking world would benefit the knowledge on the noun’s semantic prosody and to further knowledge in the public opinion on the police. / Befolkningens attityd i de Förenta staterna varierar kraftigt mellan olika grupperingarna inom landet. Detta är en korpuslingvistisk studie som undersöker en möjlig semantisk prosodisk förändring hos ordet cop. Studien utgår ifrån Corpus of Historical American English som dateras mellan 1800 – 2009. Den semantiska prosodin undersöks genom att dela in träffarna i två kategorier, användning i neutral/positiv semantisk prosodi och användning i negativ semantisk prosodi. Studien undersöker även distributionen av ordet i korpusens underkorpus för att se om distributionen kan ha en koppling till semantisk prosodi. Underkorpusen är skönlitteratur, nyheter, populärmagasin och icke skönlitterära böcker. Tidsperioden som undersöks är 1859 – 2009 och denna period delas in i fyra mindre, mer hanterbara perioder. Resultatet visar att cop använts i en majoritet av skönlitterära texter i korpusen. Undersökningen visar att det finns en majoritet av negativ semantisk prosodisk användning under period 1 och 2. Period 3 skiftar lite mellan kategorierna men från 1940 hamnar cop i neutrala/positiv majoritet och Period 4 har en stark positiv semantisk prosodisk trend. Studien visar att cop har genomgått en förändring i ordets semantiska prosodi från negativ till neutral/positiv. För att utöka kunskapen kring detta ämne skulle fler undersökningar i fler korpus från de Förenta staterna och resten av den engelsktalande världen behöva göras. Detta skulle öka kunskapen kring ordets semantiska prosodi och kunna ge viss insikt i den offentliga attityden gentemot polisväsendet.