Thesis--University of California. / Bibliography: leaves 374-382.

Thesis--University of California. / Bibliography: leaves 374-382.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-06-21T22:38:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Simone_Colvara_Alves.pdf: 4853512 bytes, checksum: ec920f50f1dd0c01362048392c7e4488 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-06-21T22:44:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Simone_Colvara_Alves.pdf: 4853512 bytes, checksum: ec920f50f1dd0c01362048392c7e4488 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-21T22:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Simone_Colvara_Alves.pdf: 4853512 bytes, checksum: ec920f50f1dd0c01362048392c7e4488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-21 / Sem bolsa / O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi, o de fazer uma verificação da qualidade dos resultados simulados pelo modelo de mesoescala BRAMS versão 3.2, quanto à previsão da ocorrência de precipitação convectiva e/ou de formação de tempestades, utilizando-se a parametrização da convergência de umidade do Tipo Kuo. Dessa forma, esses resultados foram comparados com os dados observados em superfície de algumas estações do RS e de SC e com as imagens de satélite na região do espectro radiativo infravermelho GOES 8 e GOES 12. Para o desenvolvimento desse estudo, foram selecionados três períodos em que se registraram ocorrências de precipitações e de tempestades, sendo que o primeiro e o terceiro foram verificados para a região de Pelotas (RS) e o segundo para a região litorânea do RS e de SC. Os resultados gerados para o primeiro caso, diferente dos outros dois, além das comparações descritas acima, foram confrontados com os dados simulados com outro modelo de mesoescala (hidrostático), analisado por Almeida (2001); que utilizou também a parametrização da convecção cumulus do Tipo Kuo. Na avaliação numérica desse estudo, foi possível verificar que nos três casos, os volumes de precipitação convectiva foram subestimados pelo modelo BRAMS. Entretanto, qualitativamente, ele apresentou eficiência na simulação de tempestades para a região Sul do Brasil. / The purpose of this research work was to make the quality verification of the results assumed by BRAMS mesoscale model 3.2 model. According to the forecasting of convective precipitation occurrence and/or thunderstorm formation, utilizing the parametrization of Kuo Type humidity convergence. On this way, these results were compared to the data observed on the surface of some station from RS and SC and with the satellite images in the region of GOES 8 and GOES 12 infrared radioactive spectrum. Three periods were selected for the development of this study in which the thunderstorm and precipitation occurrences were registered in case that the first and the third on were verified for Pelotas region (RS) and the second for the coastal region from RS and SC. Besides the comparisons described above, the results developed for the first case were different from the others and confronted to the simulated data with another mesoscale model (hydrostatic) analysed by Almeida (2001) who also utilized the parametrization of Kuo Type cumulus convection. In the numerical evaluation, it was possible to verify that the volumes of convective precipitation were subestimated by BRAMS model in the three cases.

The controversy surrounding the period 1928-1930, the period of Li Li-san's leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, is the central topic of this paper. The controversy itself is over what role the Comintern played in the formation of what is commonly referred to as the "Li Li-san line." The conclusions drawn in this paper show that, though the Comintern did play a small part in the formation of Li's policy, that, nevertheless, his line was of his own making. The disastrous attempt at urban insurrection in 1930 was of Li's own doing: he had been receiving signals for some time that his policies were contradictory to those of the Comintern. In order to give the reader a sense of how this leadership controversy and the policy differences arose, there is also a presentation of some of the background information regarding the labor movement and the CCP's role in it, and Li Li-san himself -his part in the labor movement and his own personality. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

Na presente dissertação faremos um estudo dos conjuntos algébricos, semialgébricos, analíticos, semianalíticos e subanalíticos, real e complexo, através das condições de regularidade da estratificação destes conjuntos. A idéia básica em estratificação é decompor um espaço singular em variedades regulares; e as condições de regularidade, são um controle de como essas variedades se reencontram. Faremos uma abordagem geral das principais condições de regularidade. As condições (a) e (b) de H. Whitney, a (c)-regularidade de K. Bekka, a condição Whitney fraca, definida por D. Trotman e K. Bekka, o teste da razão de Kuo e a (w)-regularidade de Verdier, apresentando suas principais propriedades, teoremas e condições de existência / In the present dissertation we do a study of algebraic, semialgebraic, analytic, semianalytic and subanalytic sets, real and complex, through the regularity conditions of the stratification of these sets. The basic idea in stratification is to decompose a singular space into manifolds; and the regularity conditions, is a control of how these manifolds fit together. We do a general approach of the main regularity conditions. The conditions (a) and (b) of H. Whitney, the (c)-regularity of K. Bekka, the condition weakly Whitney, defined for D. Trotman and K. Bekka, the Kuo ratio test and the (w)-regularity of Verdier, presenting their main properties, theorems and conditions of existence

Na presente dissertação faremos um estudo dos conjuntos algébricos, semialgébricos, analíticos, semianalíticos e subanalíticos, real e complexo, através das condições de regularidade da estratificação destes conjuntos. A idéia básica em estratificação é decompor um espaço singular em variedades regulares; e as condições de regularidade, são um controle de como essas variedades se reencontram. Faremos uma abordagem geral das principais condições de regularidade. As condições (a) e (b) de H. Whitney, a (c)-regularidade de K. Bekka, a condição Whitney fraca, definida por D. Trotman e K. Bekka, o teste da razão de Kuo e a (w)-regularidade de Verdier, apresentando suas principais propriedades, teoremas e condições de existência / In the present dissertation we do a study of algebraic, semialgebraic, analytic, semianalytic and subanalytic sets, real and complex, through the regularity conditions of the stratification of these sets. The basic idea in stratification is to decompose a singular space into manifolds; and the regularity conditions, is a control of how these manifolds fit together. We do a general approach of the main regularity conditions. The conditions (a) and (b) of H. Whitney, the (c)-regularity of K. Bekka, the condition weakly Whitney, defined for D. Trotman and K. Bekka, the Kuo ratio test and the (w)-regularity of Verdier, presenting their main properties, theorems and conditions of existence

三國人物經過多年的傳說，難免為後人踵事增華，以訛傳訛而混淆了他們在歷史中真 正扮演的角色。 漢末三國人禾最盛，尤以曹操、劉備、孫權能嶄露頭角。本論文為揭開三國之主的真 相，以正史三國志及裴注為依據，各按年代，細分節目，逐一剖析三者的出身背景、 人格形成及創業過程，試從三者者的一生動靜語默間，較客觀的掌握他們的形相。正 文由導論開始，以下分四章，第一章曹操的形相，共分兩節，先討論史家筆下的曹操 ，再由問題的澄清進而分析曹操的內心世界，包括曹操的笑、哭、令及文學。第二章 劉備的形相。共分兩節，先討論史家筆下的劉備，進而強調劉備情深義重的人格及時 勢造英雄的機運。第三章孫權的形相。共分兩節，先討論史家筆下的孫權，再敘述孫 權承父兄遺蔭的貴冑習性及平凡中見情的美德。第四章結論，分三節，先從思想上比 較，再由才德上比較三者的異同，最後為結語。

過往研究者主要從主題、文化意涵等角度詮釋臺灣科幻小說的內容，鮮有從宏觀角度探討科幻小說創作與臺灣文學發展的關係。本文以為臺灣科幻小說與臺灣文學的「本土」論述密切相關。科幻小說是源自西方的文學類型(literary genre)，它擅於探討跨越國族的普世議題，臺灣作家往往藉由引介和創作科幻小說，開拓他們創作的「世界視野」，並檢討「本土」論述中的民族主義情結。故此，臺灣科幻小說特別強調文化全球化對作家反思臺灣歷史和地域文化的重要性。在全球化的語境下，作家必須正視外國文化對臺灣「本土」的影響，並積極思考臺灣文學與世界文學共同的創作方向。 / 為了深入探討臺灣科幻小說對「本土」議題的反思，本文以三位作家的科幻創作為例，具體呈現科幻小說「從『本土』到世界」的發展過程：(一) 七、八十年代期間，張系國(1944- )以科幻小說審視鄉土小說中的民族主義情結，同時追溯對外省籍作家的身份認同極為重要的國共分裂史；(二) 八、九十年代期間，林燿德(1962-1996)以科幻小說檢討「本土」論述的暴力性質，同時以深受日本流行文化影響的年輕作家的立場，回顧日據時期的殖民歷史；(三) 二千年以後，吳明益(1971- )以科幻小說檢視「本土」論述中的族群文化，探討原住民與自然共處的方式，同時超越特定族群的立場，想像南島民族(Austronesian, 即原住民)遷徙的歷史。通過上述三位作家的科幻創作，本文希望指出臺灣科幻小說逐漸超越「本土」論述的局限，彰顯其普世價值。 / In the previous studies on Taiwanese science fiction, researches mainly adopted the thematic or cultural approaches among the others to interpret the science fiction. Seldom did they study them macroscopically and investigate the relationship between this kind of creative work and Taiwanese Literature. This thesis proposes that there exists an intertwined relationship between Taiwanese science fiction and the "native" discourse of Taiwanese Literature. Science fiction, as a literary genre, comes from the West and is known for its ability to transcend the boundaries of nation and ethnicity to discuss the universal topics. By introducing this genre and creating this kind of literary works, those writers open up the "globe perspective" in their works and examine the Nationalist sentiment in the "native" discourse. Hence, Taiwanese science fiction places heavy emphasis on the influence of Cultural Globalization upon Taiwanese writers’ reflections on Taiwanese history and culture. Under the context of Globalization, writers must face the influence of foreign cultures on "native" Taiwan and actively contemplate the common direction for creative works in Taiwanese and World Literature. / To further discuss how Taiwanese science fiction’s reflection upon the concept of ‘Native’, this thesis will study the science fiction of three writers to illustrate the Taiwanese science fiction’s development from "Native" to "Global" as follows: (1) In the 70s and 80s, Chang Shi-kuo (b.1944) examines the Nationalist sentiment in Nativist Literature through Science Fiction while he also traces the history of the separation between Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party, which is of vital importance to the immigrant writers’ identity; (2) Lin Yao-de (1962-1996) explores the violent nature of the "nativist" discourse by science fiction. Meanwhile, under the influence of Japanese popular culture over the young writers, he also reviews Taiwanese History during the Japanese occupation; (3) After the millennium, Wu Ming-yi (b.1971) investigates the ethnic culture in the "native" discourse and examines the aborigine’s ways to cohabit with the nature. He also transcends the boundary of a specific ethnic group to create the imaginative history of relocation of the Austronesian (that is the aborigines). Through examining the science fiction of the above writers, the thesis would illustrate how the Taiwanese science fiction is transcending the limits of the particular "native" discourse and displays its universality. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 何嘉俊. / Parallel title from English abstract. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-155). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / He Jiajun.

本研究主要是陳述自白濫用之困境與解決途徑。過去法院在審理案件時，相當重視犯人的自白，然而過份強調自白容易違反無罪推定原則及公平法院原則，且易造成誤判。自白信用性應如何確定，一直是刑事法學及偵審實務上最具爭議且影響事實認定之重大的課題，但深入探討此議題的文獻有限。在台灣最著名的冤案之一就是江國慶案，其冤案成因，主要是法院與偵查機關過度依賴江國慶的自白，研究者為監察院調查官，於民國92年奉命調查此案，調查期間因案件需要，遂開始研究此議題。拉丁法諺明確說明「自白是證據之王」。過去常見使用非任意性自白作為裁判基礎，但對於如何獲取自白方式較不被重視，使用酷刑取得非任意性自白很常見。雖然現代社會使用拷問及酷刑方式取得非任意性自白並不多見，但法官與檢察官仍十分重視自白，因與其他證據相較，自白較容易勾畫犯罪事實之全貌，具有較優勢的地位。雖然自白之取得縱未經強暴、脅迫、利誘、詐欺或其他不正方法，然仍有許多案件顯示有虛偽自白情形。到底是何種原因產生虛偽自白，應該用何種分析方式與審查標準評價該自白，首先必須探討國家機關獲取自白之方式與過程對於犯罪嫌疑人心理影響，始能明瞭自白內容其實是偵訊者透過訊問與犯罪嫌疑人溝通互動之產物，存有偵訊者主觀的意念。因此，本研究之目的主要是藉由江國慶案件深入分析自白信用性，並訂定出審查標準。 本文引用日本有關自白信用性之學說、研究結果以及現行實務，配合我國實務現狀，再藉由江國慶案卷證，描繪自白信用性審查標準。江國慶案因受限軍事審判法規定，不得上述上訴最高法院審酌，其中有關江國慶自白部分具有相當疑義，包括自白之成立係在高壓偵訊環境中所生, 自白與證物不一致等。本案為密室偵訊之典型案例，其中雖自白任意性之爭議極大，但因任意性舉證極為困難，導致歷審軍事法院均三言兩語駁回被告有關任意性之調查證據之聲請，此即為自白任意性在實務操作最大的問題；就自白信用性部分，歷審法院認定方式較無標準，這也是我國實務上之通病。綜合文獻及實務，研究者認為在審查自白信用性的標準應包括：(1)自白成立過程 (2)自白內容變動之合理性 (3)體驗供述之陳述 (4)秘密的暴露 (5)自白與客觀證據之一致性 (6)可供證實之物證不存在與欠缺相關情況證據 (7)犯罪嫌疑人對犯行前後偵訊者以外之人言行與被告的辯解等7項標準。 希望藉由本研究所訂定之標準，提供從事司法實務者在審判審案件時有一清晰客觀的標準，以達成維護公共福祉與保障人權。 / The focus of this study was to describe the dilemma regarding the abusive use of confessions and its solution. In the past, a great emphasis has been placed in course on the confessions of the accused. However, an overemphasis on confessions may violate the principles of presumption of innocence and just court, resulting in miscarriage of justice. Determining the credibility of confessions has been one of the most controversial issues in the criminal law and in the investigation and trial practice. However, limited studies have explored on this issue. In Taiwan, one of the most well-known cases of injustice is the case of Chiang Kuo-Ching. The primary reason for the injustice was the over-reliance of the court and investigation agency on the confession of Chiang Kuo-Ching. As an inquisitor at the Control Yuan, the researcher was involved in the investigation of the case of Chiang Kuo-Ching in 2003. During the investigation, the researcher began a more in-depth study on the issue of abusive use of confessions. Latin law principles proclaim that “confession is the king of evidence”. Involuntary confessions have been commonly used in the past as a foundation for judicial judgment. However, the strategies for acquiring confessions were not stressed. Torture was used in the past for the acquisition of involuntary confessions, while it is not a current practice. Currently, judges and prosecutors greatly value confessions due to their greater capacity of providing an overall picture of the criminal facts, as compared to other strategies. In many cases, false confessions are commonly present. To understand the causes of false confessions and to develop standardized determining criteria for false confessions, it is critical to explore the psychological impacts of the processes and strategies of acquiring confessions on the criminal suspects. Such exploration will provide an understanding that a confession is the product of the interactive communications between the investigator and the suspect, involving the subjectivity of the investigator. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the credibility of confessions and to develop an evaluation criteria based on an analysis of the case of Chiang Kuo-Ching. A Japanese theory of credibility of confessions, research findings, current practice in Taiwan and the case of Chiang Kuo-Ching were used to develop credible evaluation criteria for confessions. Due to the restriction from the military trail law placed on the case of Chiang Kuo-Ching, appeal to the Supreme Court was not permitted. Several elements of the confession of Chiang Kuo-Ching were questionable, such as the highly stressful interrogation environment for the confession, and the inconsistency between the confession and evidences. The case of Chiang Kuo-Ching is a typical case of secret interrogation, which generates great controversial on the voluntary nature of confessions. Due to the difficulties in obtaining evidences for voluntary confessions, the requests to acquire evidence for voluntary confessions were denied by the military court. This is the greatest problem related to the practical operation of voluntary confessions. Currently, there are no standardized evaluation criteria to review the credibility of confessions, which has been a common issue in the practical judicial operation. Derived on the literature and practice experiences, the researcher proposed the application of seven criterions in the evaluation of the credibility of confessions: (1) process of acquiring confessions, (2) rationality of changes in the contents of confessions, (3) existence of criminal experiences, (4) exposure of secrets, (5) consistency between the confessions and objective evidences, (6) lack of evidence to proof the crime of the accused, and (7) the words and actions of the suspect toward the individuals other than the investigators before and after the crime, and the argument of the defendant. The finding of this study will provide an objective and standardized criteria for judicial practice for the purposes of protecting public welfare and human right.

戰後在海外發展的台灣獨立運動，藉由抨擊國民黨政府在台灣的施政、質疑關於台灣地位歸屬中國的論述，對國民黨政府統治台灣的「正當性」與「合法性」構成雙重挑戰。雖然國民黨政府在公開場合中，總是強調所謂的「台獨運動」不過是「一小撮人」的「荒謬主張」，是「分裂祖國」的「險惡陰謀」，這些從事台獨的運動者甚至被稱為「叛國者」；然而，海外台灣獨立運動在1960年代快速發展乃至1970年初，美國、日本、加拿大與歐洲等地台獨組織整合成立「世界台灣獨立聯盟」（World United Formosans for Independence，W.U.F.I），將海外台獨運動帶入另一波新階段卻也是不爭的事實，如此之發展自然非國民黨政府所樂見。在反對任何形式「台獨」的原則下，國民黨政府究竟採取怎樣的因應策略來「對付」此一情勢，便是值得深究的課題，而本文將集中探討美國台獨運動的案例。 本研究將利用各單位所典藏之「外交部檔案」，輔以海外台獨團體所發行的刊物、文宣、時人的回憶錄、口述訪談等資料，試圖以較系統性的方式探討國民黨政府如何從面對突發「海外台獨」案例後，開始摸索因應原則，進而在具體案件中實踐，事後檢討成效、修訂策略，又此歷程中反映出哪一些的侷限與挑戰，國民黨政府又是如何設法（或無法）克服或跨越，乃至確立一套因應機制，整合性地運用各種手法的過程。 本文透過分析一手史料並將視野置於「島外」，不僅為海外台獨運動的發展歷史提供一個「官方觀點」的面向，也為國民黨政府在台灣的統治機制提供一個更全面的觀點。 / By criticizing the KMT rule in Taiwan, questioning the claim about Taiwan being retroceded to China, overseas Taiwan Independence Movement brings double challenges to the KMT government in Taiwan. In public, the KMT government always claims that the so-called “Taiwan Independence Movement” is just an absurd proposition claimed by merely a handful of people as well as a malicious scheme to separate Taiwan from the motherland, and participants in Taiwan Independence Movement are labeled as“seditious elements’’. However, overseas Taiwan Independence Movement grew rapidly in the 1960s. In the early 1970s, groups in the United States, Japan, Canada and Europe worked together to establish the “World United Formosans for Independence’’ (W.U.F.I), which brought overseas Taiwan Independence Movement to a new stage, a fact the KMT government doesn’t want to face. The strategies the KMT government, opposing any type of“Taiwan independence”adopts in response to the situation is a topic deserving in-depth study, and this thesis will focus on the case of the United States. This thesis consults materials such as the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, magazines, oral materials, memoirs and reminiscences of those who were involved in Taiwan Independence Movement. It resorts to a more systematic methodology to explore how the KMT government faces the challenges that the overseas Taiwan Independence Movement brings about. It attempts to uncover the strategies the KMT government adopts in different stages in the process of dealing with various actions launched by the activists. By analyzing the primary sources and focusing its perspective on events "outside the island ", this thesis not only gives an “official perspective” on the development of the overseas Taiwan Independence Movement, but also provides a more comprehensive viewpoint about the ruling mechanism of the KMT government in Taiwan.