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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Implementação e comparação de métodos de estimativa da dimensão fractal e sua aplicação à análise e processamento de imagens / Implementation and comparison of fractal dimension estimative methods and their use on analysis and image processing.

Backes, Andre Ricardo 27 March 2006 (has links)
A Dimensão Fractal pode ser utilizada para medir algumas características ligadas a complexidade da imagem, permitindo seu uso em análise de formas e texturas e reconhecimento de padrões. Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo comparativo entre alguns dos principais métodos de estimativa da Dimensão Fractal. Foi realizada uma análise experimental e um estudo de casos para cada uma das técnicas, levando em consideração aspectos de implementação, precisão, variação de resultados segundo ajuste de parâmetros e tolerância a ruídos. Neste trabalho também foi desenvolvido um estudo sobre a Dimensão Fractal Multiescala, visando seu emprego como metodologia de assinatura de complexidade. Na literatura a técnica de multiescala é limitada ao método de Bouligand-Minkowski, sendo aqui ela estendida para outras metodologias de estimativa de Dimensão Fractal. Por meio de análise experimental as metodologias propostas foram comparadas e os resultados discutidos, enfatizando as vantagens e desvantagens destas técnicas. / Fractal Dimension can be used to measure some characteristics related to the image complexity, allowing its use on shape and texture analysis and pattern recognition. In this work is presented a comparative study among some of the most important methods to estimate Fractal Dimension. It was performed a experimental analysis and a case study for each one of the techniques, considering implementation aspects, precision, variation of results under parameters adjustments and noise tolerance. In this work is also performed a study about MultiScale Fractal Dimension, aiming at its use as a methodology of complexity signature. In the literature the multiscale technique is limited to Bouligand-Minkowski method, being here it extended to other methodologies of estimative of Fractal Dimension. By experimental analysis the proposed methodologies were compared and the results argued, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of those techniques.
12

Sensory landscape impacts on odor-mediated predator-prey interactions at multiple spatial scales in salt marsh communities

Wilson, Miranda L. 29 June 2011 (has links)
This collection of research examines how changes in the sensory landscape, mediated by both odor and hydrodynamic properties, impact odor-mediated predator-prey interactions in salt marsh communities. I approached this research using an interdisciplinary framework that combined field and laboratory experimentation to address issues of scale and make connections between predator behavior and patterns of predation in the field. I explored a variety of interactions mediated by changes in the sensory landscape including; indirect effects of biotic structure on associated prey, predator responses to patches of prey with differing density and distribution, and dynamic interactions between predators and prey distributions. I found that biotic structure (oyster reefs [Crassostrea virginica]) has negative indirect effects on associated hard clam prey (Mercenaria mercenaria) through the addition of oyster reef odor cues that attract predators (blue crabs [Callinectes sapidus] and knobbed whelks [Busycon carica])and increase foraging success near the structural matrix. Variation in the structure of patch-scale prey odor plumes created by multiple prey results in predator-specific patterns of predation as a function of patch density and distribution which are mediated by differences in predator sensory ability. There is a potential negative feedback loop between blue crab predators and hard clam prey distributions; clam patches assume random within-patch distributions after exposure to blue crab predators, making the detection of patches by future blue crab predators more difficult. Sensory landscapes are also mediated by water flow, which transports prey odor plumes downstream to predators. Characterization of water flow in small-scale estuary systems indicates that values of turbulent flow parameters are highly context specific and depend on both tidal type (spring, neap, normal) and site. Wind and tidal range seem to be good predictors for wave components and turbulent components of fluctuating flow parameters, respectively, although the strength of their predictive ability is dependent on time scale. Modifications of the sensory landscape through changes in structurally-induced turbulence, mixing of individual plumes from multiple prey, and bulk velocity and turbulence characteristics need to be considered when formulating predictions as to the impact of predators on naturally occurring prey populations in the field.
13

Classificação automática de gênero musical baseada em entropia e fractais / Automatic music genre classification based on entropy and fractals

Antonio José Homsi Goulart 16 February 2012 (has links)
A classificação automática de gênero musical tem como finalidade o conforto de ouvintes de músicas auxiliando no gerenciamento das coleções de músicas digitais. Existem sistemas que se baseiam em cabeçalhos de metadados (tais como nome de artista, gênero cadastrado, etc.) e também os que extraem parâmetros dos arquivos de música para a realização da tarefa. Enquanto a maioria dos trabalhos do segundo tipo utilizam-se do conteúdo rítmico e tímbrico, este utiliza-se apenas de conceitos da teoria da informação e da geometria de fractais. Entropia, lacunaridade e dimensão do fractal são os parâmetros que treinam os classificadores. Os testes foram realizados com duas coleções criadas para este trabalho e os resultados foram proeminentes / The goal of automatic music genre classification is givingmusic listeners ease and confort when managing digital music databases. Some systems are based on tags of metadata (such as artist name, genre labeled, etc.), while others explore characteristics from the music files to complete the task. While the majority of works of the second type analyse rhytmic, timbric and pitch content, this one explores only information theoretic and fractal geometry concepts. Entropy, fractal dimension and lacunarity are the parameters adopted to train the classifiers. Tests were carried out on two databases assembled by the author. Results were prominent
14

Implementação e comparação de métodos de estimativa da dimensão fractal e sua aplicação à análise e processamento de imagens / Implementation and comparison of fractal dimension estimative methods and their use on analysis and image processing.

Andre Ricardo Backes 27 March 2006 (has links)
A Dimensão Fractal pode ser utilizada para medir algumas características ligadas a complexidade da imagem, permitindo seu uso em análise de formas e texturas e reconhecimento de padrões. Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo comparativo entre alguns dos principais métodos de estimativa da Dimensão Fractal. Foi realizada uma análise experimental e um estudo de casos para cada uma das técnicas, levando em consideração aspectos de implementação, precisão, variação de resultados segundo ajuste de parâmetros e tolerância a ruídos. Neste trabalho também foi desenvolvido um estudo sobre a Dimensão Fractal Multiescala, visando seu emprego como metodologia de assinatura de complexidade. Na literatura a técnica de multiescala é limitada ao método de Bouligand-Minkowski, sendo aqui ela estendida para outras metodologias de estimativa de Dimensão Fractal. Por meio de análise experimental as metodologias propostas foram comparadas e os resultados discutidos, enfatizando as vantagens e desvantagens destas técnicas. / Fractal Dimension can be used to measure some characteristics related to the image complexity, allowing its use on shape and texture analysis and pattern recognition. In this work is presented a comparative study among some of the most important methods to estimate Fractal Dimension. It was performed a experimental analysis and a case study for each one of the techniques, considering implementation aspects, precision, variation of results under parameters adjustments and noise tolerance. In this work is also performed a study about MultiScale Fractal Dimension, aiming at its use as a methodology of complexity signature. In the literature the multiscale technique is limited to Bouligand-Minkowski method, being here it extended to other methodologies of estimative of Fractal Dimension. By experimental analysis the proposed methodologies were compared and the results argued, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of those techniques.

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