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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Phase behavior of poly(gama-alkyl-L-glutamate)s

Lee, Yu-Hsien 12 June 2003 (has links)
The polyglutamate which grafts with flexible alkyl side-chain by ester exchange reaction is like rod-hairy molecule. The numbers of methylene group of side-chain and the graft-density affect the molecular packing of poly(gama-alkyl-L-glutamate)s. To be sure the correct chemical structure of poly(gama-alkyl-L-glutamate)s by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and find out the graft-density of each sample by proton nuclear resonance spectrometer (1H-NMR). Phase behavior of poly(gama-alkyl-L-glutamate)s were studied via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and variable temperature x-ray diffraction (XRD).We combine the results from C. C. Hsu(24). When the side-chain length is long enough (m>10), side-chains will crystallize into a 3D hexagonal lattice. The results of DSC and XRD analyses show that the side-chain crystalline phase will melt at Tm1, where as a liquid crystalline (LC) phase transition exists at Tm2. Poly(gama-alkyl-L-glutamate)s with shorter side-chain (m<8) tend to form 2D hexagonal LC structure. On the other hand, longer side-chains (m>10) tend to give lamellar structure. The critical number of methylene group of side-chain between hexagonal and lamellar structure is between 8 and 10.
2

Study on Mechanical Properties of Electrodeposited Ni with Bimodal Distribution of Grain Size

Gao, Wei-ming 27 August 2012 (has links)
The strength of the ultrafine-grained materials is increased with grain refinement, but it will also reduce the ductility. In the previous study, there are higher strength and better ductility for the copper with bimodal distribution of grain size. In this study, Ni with lamellar structure is fabricated by electrodeposition in order to explore the mechanical properties of the materials with bimodal distribution of grain size, which is obtained by controlling the grain size. From the result of EBSD analysis, it shows that the area ratio of coarse grains and fine grains is from 0.3 to 3 by changing the plating parameters. The average grain size of fine grains is about 0.5 £gm, and the maximum average grain size of coarse grains is up to 6.0 £gm. From the result of tensile test, the materials with 35% of micro-grains embedded regularly inside a matrix of ultrafine grains have better strength and ductility. When the area ratio of micro-grains is up to 62.5%, there is no difference in mechanical properties between the general electrodeposited materials and ones with bimodal distribution of grain size. For pure Ni, the enhancement of ductility for bimodal distribution of grain size is only in post uniform elongation. Otherwise, it is found that the strength and ductility of the material with lamellar structure are increased through the heat treatmeant under the appropriate temperature.
3

Influence of Deformation Temperature on the Microstructure Development in Al-Mg Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion

Shen, Shin-yan 02 August 2005 (has links)
none
4

Engineering the Alpha Two Phase Morphology in Gamma TiAl Based Alloys

Meisenkothen, Frederick 04 February 2003 (has links)
No description available.
5

Estudo das propriedades supercondutoras da fase T2 no sistema Nb-Si-B / Study of superconducting properties of the T2 phase in the system Nb-Si-B.

Brauner, André 13 August 2010 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da influência do boro na fase &#945;Nb5Si3 (Fase T2) a baixas temperaturas analisando suas propriedades elétricas e magnéticas. Para o estudo deste tema as amostras foram preparadas, seguindo a estequiometria Nb5Si3-xBx, via metalurgia do pó e também por fusão a arco, com x dentro do intervalo limitado por 0 &#61603; X &#61603; 1,0. Estas amostras foram analisadas através de difratometria de raios x, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, magnetização, transporte elétrico e medidas calorimétricas em baixa temperatura. As medidas das propriedades elétricas e magnéticas destas fases mostram que a substituição de boro por silício induz supercondutividade na fase T2. O caráter volumétrico da transição supercondutora é confirmado pela medida de capacidade calorífica. Assim, este trabalho é o primeiro a mostrar uma nova família de materiais supercondutores que cristalizam na estrutura protótipo Cr5B3. / This work to study the influence of boron during low temperature &#945;Nb5Si3 (T2 phase) analyzing their electrical and magnetic properties. For the study of this subject the samples were prepared, following the stoichiometry Nb5Si3-xBx via powder metallurgy and also by arc melting process, with x within the range limited by 0&#61603;X&#61603;1.0. These samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, magnetization, electrical transport and calorimetric measurements of low temperature. Measurements of electrical and magnetic properties of these phases show that the substitution of boron by silicon induces superconductivity at the T2 phase. The bulk nature of superconducting transition is confirmed by heat capacity measurement. This study is the first to show a new family of superconducting materials that crystallize in the Cr5B3 prototype structure.
6

Preparação e caracterização de hidróxidos duplos lamelares intercalados com espécies macrocíclicas metaladas / Preparation and characterization of layered double hydroxides intercalated with metallated macrocyclic species

Barbosa, César Augusto Sales 08 July 1999 (has links)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a síntese e caracterização de hidróxido duplo lamelar (HDL) do tipo hidrotalcita intercalado com metaloftalocianinas (CuPcTs e CoPcTs) e metaloporfirina (CoTPhsP) aniônicas. Como rota sintética, três métodos foram testados: (i) coprecipitação do hidróxido duplo em solução contendo o macrociclo; (ií) reconstituição estrutural da mistura de óxidos obtida pela decomposição térmica de HDL na forma carbonato e (ííi) decomposição térmica do carbonato intercalado empregando um meio contendo poliol. A influência do método de intercalação nas propriedades texturais do material e o efeito da imobilização dos macrociclos na região interlamelar foram avaliados através da caracterização textural (difração de raios-X e medidas de área superficial), espectroscópica (vibracional no infravermelho, eletrônica no UV/visível e ressonância paramagnética eletrônica) e das análises elementar (C, H, N e metais) e termogravimétrica. Avaliou-se a influência das propriedades texturais dos compósitos e do arranjo dos intercalados na reatividade e estabilidade dos macrociclos confinados no espaço interlamelar através da reação de decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio. A síntese por coprecipitação dos hidróxidos duplos lamelares do tipo hidrotalcita mostrou-se eficiente para a obtenção de produtos puros e de alta cristal inidade. Entretanto, os materiais obtidos a partir da intercalação dos macrociclos nas matrizes de HDL através dos diferentes métodos sintéticos resultaram em sólidos com baixa cristalinidade. Os estudos mostraram que a obtenção de materiais contendo apenas uma fase é dependente do método de intercalação empregado. Os resultados de análise elementar indicaram um alto grau de intercalação dos macrociclos nos HDLs. Os espectros vibracionais no infravermelho apresentaram bandas que podem ser atribuídas à presença de íons carbonato no espaço interlamelar dos sistemas HDL-macrociclos. A incorporação completa do macrociclo foi observada para a CoPcTs intercalada no HDL via método da coprecipitação. Por outro lado, o método do poliol, utilizado para a intercalação da CuPcTs e CoPcTs, resultou em materiais com baixo grau de intercalação. A intercalação dos macrociclos nos HDLs foi confirmada através dos resultados obtidos por difração de raios-X, que indicaram um aumento substancial do espaçamento basal, que aumentou de aproximadamente 8A nas matrizes precursoras contendo CO32- para cerca de 23A nas matrizes contendo os macrociclos intercalados. As medidas de área superficial sugerem que não houve a formação de microporos nos HDLs incorporados com os macrociclos, pois estes não apresentaram valores de área superficial significativamente maior que os das matrizes de HDL na forma carbonato. A intercalação da CoPcTs e da CoTPhsP aumenta tanto a estabilidade térmica dos HDLs em relação à matriz com carbonato, quanto a dos próprios macrociclos. Em relação aos HDLs contendo a CuPcTs, observou-se comportamento térmico distinto. A intercalação da CuPcTs também aumenta a estabilidade térmica do HDL mas o confinamento do macrociclo provoca a sua decomposição em temperatura menor que aquela observada quando livre. Os espectros de absorção eletrônica mostraram que as metaloftalocianinas quando intercaladas nos HDLs apresentaram menor grau de agregação às espécies livres. Porém, os espectros de RPE indicaram que as espécies CuPcTs agregados são dominantes nas amostras intercaladas uma vez que apresentam apenas valor de g isotrópico (g=2,06). Os sistemas com a CoPcTs também apresentaram agregados mas em menor extensão que aqueles com os análogos de Cu(II). Com relação ao comportamento catalítico dos diferentes materiais sintetizados na decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio, os três macrociclos estudados apresentaram comportamentos distintos. A CuPcTs suportada e intercalada no HDL não apresenta atividade catalásica embora a forma livre promova a dismutação do H2O2. Os materiais com a CoPcTs e CoTPhsP são mais ativos que o macrociclo livre na decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio. Os HDLs com a CoTPhsP são mais resistentes ao ataque oxidativo do peróxido de hidrogênio que a porfirina livre. As ftalocianinas metaladas em meio homogêneo ou heterogêneo não são degradadas pelo H202. Preparation and characterization of layered double hydroxides intercalated with macrocyclic metallated species / The aim of the present work is to synthesize and characterize layered double hydroxides (hydrotalcite-like compounds) intercalated with anionic metallophthalocyanines (CuPcTs and CoPcTs) and metalloporphyrin (CoTPhsP). Three preparative methods were tested to isolate the intercalated materiais: (i) double hydroxide coprecipitation in the presence of the macrocycle, (ii) structure reconstruction of the mixed oxides obtained by thermal decomposition of layered double hydroxide (LDH) phase containing volatile ion; (iii) thermal decomposition of carbonate-containing phase in a polyol media. The influence of the intercalation method in the material textural properties and the effect of the macrocycle immobilization in the interlayer region were evaluate through the textural characterization (x-ray diffraction analysis and surface area measurements), vibrational (IR) and electronic (UV-visible) spectroscopy, elementary analysis and thermogravimetry. The effect of the composites textural properties and the intercalated species arrangement in the LDH gallery was evaluate carrying out the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction. The LDHs preparation by coprecipitation was an efficient method to obtain pure and crystalline products. However the macrocycle intercalated materiais isolated by the three methods mentioned above were poorly crystallized phases. The experimental data also showed that the isolation of materiais containing only one phase depends on the synthetic approach. The extension of intercalated macrocycle species in LDHs was broad as judged by elementary analysis data. The IR vibrational spectra showed some bands that can be attributed to the presence of carbonate ions in the interlayer of LDH macrocycle systems. Material containing approximately 100% of macrocycle in the LDH gallery was isolated by the double hydroxide coprecipitation in a solution containing CoPcTs. On the other hand, polyol method rendered materiais with small amount of intercalated metallophthalocyanines. The macrocycle intercalation between LDHs layers was confirmed by the x-ray diffraction patterns: the basal spacing of the carbonate precursor (ca. 8A) increases to approximately 23A in the matrices intercalated with phthalocyanines or porphyrin. The surface area data suggested that the macrocycle intercalated solids do not have microporous owing to the fact that as the surface area values are not higher than that obtained for the LDH precursor. CoPcTs and CoTPhsP intercalation increases the thermal stability of HDLs in relation to the carbonate phase as much as the macrocycle stability. CuPcTs systems showed a particular behaviour: the thermal stability of LDH structure is increased but the phthalocyanine decomposition occurs in a lower temperature than that observed to the macrocycle free form. The electronic absorption spectra revealed a decrease in the metallophthalocyanine aggregation when the species are intercalated in LDHs However the EPR spectra showed only the isotropic g value (g=2.07) evidencing that the CuPcTs aggregated species are dominant in the LDH samples. CoPcTs systems are also aggregated but in a less extension than the Cu(lI) compound. The catalase-like activity of the intercalated materiais was distinct for each macrocycle system tested. CuPcTs intercalated or supported in LDHs is not active in the hydrogen peroxide dismutation in despite of the free form shows activity. CoPcTs and CoTPhsP materiais exhibit better catalytic performance than the free macrocycles. LDHs containing CoTPsP are more resistant to the oxidative attack of hydrogen peroxide than the free porphyrin. Metallophthalocyanines species in homogeneous or heterogeneous media are not degraded by H202.
7

Preparação e caracterização de hidróxidos duplos lamelares intercalados com espécies macrocíclicas metaladas / Preparation and characterization of layered double hydroxides intercalated with metallated macrocyclic species

César Augusto Sales Barbosa 08 July 1999 (has links)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a síntese e caracterização de hidróxido duplo lamelar (HDL) do tipo hidrotalcita intercalado com metaloftalocianinas (CuPcTs e CoPcTs) e metaloporfirina (CoTPhsP) aniônicas. Como rota sintética, três métodos foram testados: (i) coprecipitação do hidróxido duplo em solução contendo o macrociclo; (ií) reconstituição estrutural da mistura de óxidos obtida pela decomposição térmica de HDL na forma carbonato e (ííi) decomposição térmica do carbonato intercalado empregando um meio contendo poliol. A influência do método de intercalação nas propriedades texturais do material e o efeito da imobilização dos macrociclos na região interlamelar foram avaliados através da caracterização textural (difração de raios-X e medidas de área superficial), espectroscópica (vibracional no infravermelho, eletrônica no UV/visível e ressonância paramagnética eletrônica) e das análises elementar (C, H, N e metais) e termogravimétrica. Avaliou-se a influência das propriedades texturais dos compósitos e do arranjo dos intercalados na reatividade e estabilidade dos macrociclos confinados no espaço interlamelar através da reação de decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio. A síntese por coprecipitação dos hidróxidos duplos lamelares do tipo hidrotalcita mostrou-se eficiente para a obtenção de produtos puros e de alta cristal inidade. Entretanto, os materiais obtidos a partir da intercalação dos macrociclos nas matrizes de HDL através dos diferentes métodos sintéticos resultaram em sólidos com baixa cristalinidade. Os estudos mostraram que a obtenção de materiais contendo apenas uma fase é dependente do método de intercalação empregado. Os resultados de análise elementar indicaram um alto grau de intercalação dos macrociclos nos HDLs. Os espectros vibracionais no infravermelho apresentaram bandas que podem ser atribuídas à presença de íons carbonato no espaço interlamelar dos sistemas HDL-macrociclos. A incorporação completa do macrociclo foi observada para a CoPcTs intercalada no HDL via método da coprecipitação. Por outro lado, o método do poliol, utilizado para a intercalação da CuPcTs e CoPcTs, resultou em materiais com baixo grau de intercalação. A intercalação dos macrociclos nos HDLs foi confirmada através dos resultados obtidos por difração de raios-X, que indicaram um aumento substancial do espaçamento basal, que aumentou de aproximadamente 8A nas matrizes precursoras contendo CO32- para cerca de 23A nas matrizes contendo os macrociclos intercalados. As medidas de área superficial sugerem que não houve a formação de microporos nos HDLs incorporados com os macrociclos, pois estes não apresentaram valores de área superficial significativamente maior que os das matrizes de HDL na forma carbonato. A intercalação da CoPcTs e da CoTPhsP aumenta tanto a estabilidade térmica dos HDLs em relação à matriz com carbonato, quanto a dos próprios macrociclos. Em relação aos HDLs contendo a CuPcTs, observou-se comportamento térmico distinto. A intercalação da CuPcTs também aumenta a estabilidade térmica do HDL mas o confinamento do macrociclo provoca a sua decomposição em temperatura menor que aquela observada quando livre. Os espectros de absorção eletrônica mostraram que as metaloftalocianinas quando intercaladas nos HDLs apresentaram menor grau de agregação às espécies livres. Porém, os espectros de RPE indicaram que as espécies CuPcTs agregados são dominantes nas amostras intercaladas uma vez que apresentam apenas valor de g isotrópico (g=2,06). Os sistemas com a CoPcTs também apresentaram agregados mas em menor extensão que aqueles com os análogos de Cu(II). Com relação ao comportamento catalítico dos diferentes materiais sintetizados na decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio, os três macrociclos estudados apresentaram comportamentos distintos. A CuPcTs suportada e intercalada no HDL não apresenta atividade catalásica embora a forma livre promova a dismutação do H2O2. Os materiais com a CoPcTs e CoTPhsP são mais ativos que o macrociclo livre na decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio. Os HDLs com a CoTPhsP são mais resistentes ao ataque oxidativo do peróxido de hidrogênio que a porfirina livre. As ftalocianinas metaladas em meio homogêneo ou heterogêneo não são degradadas pelo H202. Preparation and characterization of layered double hydroxides intercalated with macrocyclic metallated species / The aim of the present work is to synthesize and characterize layered double hydroxides (hydrotalcite-like compounds) intercalated with anionic metallophthalocyanines (CuPcTs and CoPcTs) and metalloporphyrin (CoTPhsP). Three preparative methods were tested to isolate the intercalated materiais: (i) double hydroxide coprecipitation in the presence of the macrocycle, (ii) structure reconstruction of the mixed oxides obtained by thermal decomposition of layered double hydroxide (LDH) phase containing volatile ion; (iii) thermal decomposition of carbonate-containing phase in a polyol media. The influence of the intercalation method in the material textural properties and the effect of the macrocycle immobilization in the interlayer region were evaluate through the textural characterization (x-ray diffraction analysis and surface area measurements), vibrational (IR) and electronic (UV-visible) spectroscopy, elementary analysis and thermogravimetry. The effect of the composites textural properties and the intercalated species arrangement in the LDH gallery was evaluate carrying out the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction. The LDHs preparation by coprecipitation was an efficient method to obtain pure and crystalline products. However the macrocycle intercalated materiais isolated by the three methods mentioned above were poorly crystallized phases. The experimental data also showed that the isolation of materiais containing only one phase depends on the synthetic approach. The extension of intercalated macrocycle species in LDHs was broad as judged by elementary analysis data. The IR vibrational spectra showed some bands that can be attributed to the presence of carbonate ions in the interlayer of LDH macrocycle systems. Material containing approximately 100% of macrocycle in the LDH gallery was isolated by the double hydroxide coprecipitation in a solution containing CoPcTs. On the other hand, polyol method rendered materiais with small amount of intercalated metallophthalocyanines. The macrocycle intercalation between LDHs layers was confirmed by the x-ray diffraction patterns: the basal spacing of the carbonate precursor (ca. 8A) increases to approximately 23A in the matrices intercalated with phthalocyanines or porphyrin. The surface area data suggested that the macrocycle intercalated solids do not have microporous owing to the fact that as the surface area values are not higher than that obtained for the LDH precursor. CoPcTs and CoTPhsP intercalation increases the thermal stability of HDLs in relation to the carbonate phase as much as the macrocycle stability. CuPcTs systems showed a particular behaviour: the thermal stability of LDH structure is increased but the phthalocyanine decomposition occurs in a lower temperature than that observed to the macrocycle free form. The electronic absorption spectra revealed a decrease in the metallophthalocyanine aggregation when the species are intercalated in LDHs However the EPR spectra showed only the isotropic g value (g=2.07) evidencing that the CuPcTs aggregated species are dominant in the LDH samples. CoPcTs systems are also aggregated but in a less extension than the Cu(lI) compound. The catalase-like activity of the intercalated materiais was distinct for each macrocycle system tested. CuPcTs intercalated or supported in LDHs is not active in the hydrogen peroxide dismutation in despite of the free form shows activity. CoPcTs and CoTPhsP materiais exhibit better catalytic performance than the free macrocycles. LDHs containing CoTPsP are more resistant to the oxidative attack of hydrogen peroxide than the free porphyrin. Metallophthalocyanines species in homogeneous or heterogeneous media are not degraded by H202.
8

Estudo das propriedades supercondutoras da fase T2 no sistema Nb-Si-B / Study of superconducting properties of the T2 phase in the system Nb-Si-B.

André Brauner 13 August 2010 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo da influência do boro na fase &#945;Nb5Si3 (Fase T2) a baixas temperaturas analisando suas propriedades elétricas e magnéticas. Para o estudo deste tema as amostras foram preparadas, seguindo a estequiometria Nb5Si3-xBx, via metalurgia do pó e também por fusão a arco, com x dentro do intervalo limitado por 0 &#61603; X &#61603; 1,0. Estas amostras foram analisadas através de difratometria de raios x, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, magnetização, transporte elétrico e medidas calorimétricas em baixa temperatura. As medidas das propriedades elétricas e magnéticas destas fases mostram que a substituição de boro por silício induz supercondutividade na fase T2. O caráter volumétrico da transição supercondutora é confirmado pela medida de capacidade calorífica. Assim, este trabalho é o primeiro a mostrar uma nova família de materiais supercondutores que cristalizam na estrutura protótipo Cr5B3. / This work to study the influence of boron during low temperature &#945;Nb5Si3 (T2 phase) analyzing their electrical and magnetic properties. For the study of this subject the samples were prepared, following the stoichiometry Nb5Si3-xBx via powder metallurgy and also by arc melting process, with x within the range limited by 0&#61603;X&#61603;1.0. These samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, magnetization, electrical transport and calorimetric measurements of low temperature. Measurements of electrical and magnetic properties of these phases show that the substitution of boron by silicon induces superconductivity at the T2 phase. The bulk nature of superconducting transition is confirmed by heat capacity measurement. This study is the first to show a new family of superconducting materials that crystallize in the Cr5B3 prototype structure.
9

Vliv cyklického tepelného zpracování na strukturu slitiny TiAl / Effect cyclic heat treatment on structure of TiAl alloy

Vraspírová, Eva January 2012 (has links)
The subject of this master thesis is focused to the refining of the cast structure of gamma-TiAl–2Nb alloy using cyclic heat treatment and to the analysis of the grain refining mechanism. Structure evolution after applied cycles of heat treatment was characterized using light, laser and electron microscopy and using microhardness tests. Application of five heat treatment cycles during which two phase transformations (eutectoid and alpha-recrystallization reactions) repeatedly took place resulted in refining of the cast columnar structure having the mean grain size 512 microns to fully lamellar structure containing gamma and alpha2 phases having the mean grain size 229 microns. Lamellae thickness of gamma was not changed while the thickness of alpha2 phase decreased, up to 78 nm. Refining of alpha2 phase resulted in the increase of the microhardness by 20 %. The recrystallized cast structure obtained by cyclic heat treatment and the knowledge on the mechanisms of the refining the structure were compared with the literature data and were discussed in order to propose more efficient procedure for refining thermal treatment of cast TiAl alloys.
10

Microstructural elucidation of self-emulsifying system: effect of chemical structure

Patil, S.S., Venugopal, E., Bhat, S., Mahadik, K.R., Paradkar, Anant R January 2012 (has links)
PURPOSE: Self-emulsifying systems (SES) emulsify spontaneously to produce fine oil-in-water emulsion when introduced into aqueous phase. The self-emulsification process plays an important role during formation of emulsion. The objective of current work was to understand and explore the inner structuration of SES through controlled hydration and further to study the influence of additive on the same which ultimately governs performance of final formulation in terms of droplet size. METHODS: Droplet size of final formulations containing structural analogues of ibuprofen was determined. Microstructural properties of intermediate hydrated regimes of SES were investigated using techniques such as small angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry and rheology. RESULTS: The current work established inverse relationship between droplet size of the formulations containing structural analogues of ibuprofen and their Log P values. Microstructural analysis of intermediate hydrated regimes of the prepared samples showed formation of local lamellar structure. Structural analogues of ibuprofen significantly altered microstructure of lamellae which was well correlated with the droplet size of final formulations. In vitro drug release study showed increase in dissolution rate of lipophillic drugs when formulated as SES. CONCLUSION: The current work emphasizes the fact that tailor-made formulations can be prepared by controlling the properties of intermediate regimes.

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