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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Har skolmaten från Härryda kommuns gymnasieskola blivit mer miljömässigt hållbar sedan 1993? / Have the school meals in Härryda kommun become more environmental sustainable since 1993?

Rosenlind, Susanna January 2020 (has links)
Inledning- Det har satts upp mål på både global och nationell nivå för att bekämpa klimatförändringarna som sker på vår planet. Mat och måltider berörs direkt och indirekt av flera av dessa mål. På avdelningen Måltidsservice i Härryda kommun har arbete med att miljöutveckla skolmaten skett i mer än ett decennium, något som de ansvariga önskade en uppföljning på.  Syfte- Att undersöka om och i så fall hur klimatavtrycket från skolmaten i Härryda kommuns gymnasieskola har förändrats från år 1993 till 2020. Ett andra syfte är att undersöka eventuella förändringar i skollunchernas innehåll med avseende på livsmedel under samma tidsperiod. Material och metod- För att undersöka eventuella förändringar i klimatavtryck över tid har skolluncher från stickprov i tidsperioden 1993-2020 klimatberäknats. För att se eventuella förändringar i skollunchernas innehåll har frekvenser på fem utvalda livsmedel studerats.  Resultat- Det finns ingen signifikant skillnad i CO₂emellan period 1 (1993+1998+2003) och period 2 (2013+2018+2020). Där finns svaga tendenser som tyder på minskning i skolmatens klimatavtryck under det senaste decenniet. Förekomsten av rent nötkött, produkter av gris och ris har minskat i skolluncherna medan vegetabiliskt protein och kött från fågel har ökat.  Slutsats-Någon signifikant skillnad i klimatavtryck mellan 1993 och 2020 kunde inte fastställas. Det fanns tydliga förändringar i skollunchernas innehåll med avseende på livsmedel under samma tidsperiod. / Introduction-Targets have been set at both global and national levels to fight the climate changes that are happening on our planet. Food and meals directly and indirectly affect several of these goals. For more than a decade the Meal service-department in Härryda kommun have been working on making their school meals more sustainable and now they want a follow-up on that.  Aims- To investigate if and in that case how the carbon footprint from the high school of Härryda kommun’s school meals has changed from 1993 to 2020. A second purpose is to investigate any changes in the content of the school lunches referred to foods. Materials and methods-In order to investigate possible changes in carbon footprints over time, samples of school lunches in the time period 1993-2020 have been calculated. In order to see any changes in the content of the school lunches, frequencies of five selected foods have been studied. Results-There is no significant difference in CO₂e between period 1 (1993 + 1998 + 2003) and period 2 (2013 + 2018 + 2020). There are small tendencies that indicate a decrease in carbon footprint from the school meals in the last decade. The presence of pure beef, products of pig and rice have decreased in the school meals, while plant-based protein and meat from birds have increased. Conclusion-No significant difference in climate imprint between 1993 and 2020 could be determined. There were obvious changes in the content of the school lunches with regard to food during the same time period.
2

PROPAGAÇÃO, METABOLISMO SECUNDÁRIO E GENOTOXICIDADE DE Solidago chilensis MEYEN (ASTERACEAE) / PROPAGATION, SECONDARY METABOLISM AND GENOTOXICITY OF Solidago chilensis MEYEN (ASTERACEAE)

Löbler, Lisiane 24 May 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Native medicinal plants are widely used, but are insufficient scientific information on the spread of some species and cytotoxicity. This study investigated the sexual propagation and vegetative species Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae) through seed germination, micropropagation, cuttings, evaluate the genotoxic and quantify the accumulation of secondary metabolites of plants obtained. Studies of germination in vitro and ex vitro seeds were developed by testing storage conditions, concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3), light regimes, soaking times in water to 5ºC ± 1ºC, temperatures and populations. For micropropagation were used apical and nodal segments and combinations of benzylaminopurine BAP (0,0 e 2,0 mg L-1) and naphthalene acetic acid NAA (0,0 e 0,2 mg L-1). In the study of stem cuttings were used cuttings of branches overhead and underground rhizomes. Apical, middle and basal branches were kept in distilled water and nutrient solutions Murashige and Shoog (20%), with or without indole butyric acid (IBA) (5,0 mg L-1). For the cutting of rhizomes, segments thereof were immersed in 0, 600 and 1200 mg L-1 IBA for six hours and after cultured in Plantmax, sand or vermiculite. Apical leaves from four different origins: natural plants growing in wasteland; plants from wasteland and cultivated in the greenhouse, plants from cuttings and rhizomes micropropagated plants were collected for the assessment of genotoxicity and quantification of total polyphenols and flavonoids by spectrophotometry, and chlorogenic acid, quercetin and rutin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Efficiency. The genotoxicity was assessed using the Allium cepa test, testing concentrations of 5 and 20 g L-1 aqueous extracts of dried leaves. Populations influenced the germination of seeds, and the wasteland of the ones who had averaged 57,2% germination. The seeds germinated under 16h photoperiod (2,4% and 22,3%) and continuous darkness (3,5% and 17,6%). The soaking time of 36 hours favored germination (56% and 24,7%) and germination rate in the experiment 2 and 3, respectively. A temperature of 20°C, in experiment 3, provided the highest percentage of seed germination, 26,6%. In micropropagation, the combination of 2,0 mg L-1 of BAP and 0,2 mg L-1 og NAA, provided 49% of complete plants and 37% survival at acclimatization. In cuttings of new shoots, rooting in the substrate occurred over water with the presence of IBA (29%). The Plantmax® provided 62% rooting in cuttings of rhizomes did not differ from sand (43%). In the evaluation of genotoxicity was detected genotoxic potential of extracts derived from micropropagated plants (5 and 20 g L-1) and grown in a greenhouse (5 g L-1). Polyphenols and flavonoids were found in all the extracts and identified flavonoids quercetin and chlorogenic acid in higher concentrations in plants of wasteland, 441,4 and 95,7 mg g-1, respectively, and rutin in similar concentration in all samples (mean 46,9 mg g-1). / Plantas nativas medicinais são amplamente utilizadas, porém as informações científicas são insuficientes sobre a propagação e a citotoxicidade de algumas espécies. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a propagação sexuada e vegetativa da espécie Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae), através da germinação de sementes, micropropagação e estaquia, além de avaliar o potencial genotóxico e quantificar o acúmulo de metabólitos secundários das plantas obtidas. Estudos da germinação in vitro e ex vitro das sementes foram desenvolvidos testando-se condições de armazenamento, doses de ácido giberélico (GA3), regimes de luz, tempos de embebição em água a 5ºC ± 1ºC, temperaturas e populações. Para a micropropagação, foram utilizados segmentos apicais e nodais e combinações de benzilaminopurina BAP (0,0 e 2,0 mg L-1) e ácido naftaleno acético ANA (0,0 e 0,2 mg L-1). No estudo da estaquia foram utilizadas estacas de ramos aéreos e de rizomas subterrâneos. Porções apicais, medianas e basais de ramos foram mantidas em água destilada e soluções nutritivas de Murashige e Shoog (20%), contendo ou não ácido indol butírico (AIB) (5,0 mg L-1). Para a estaquia de rizomas, segmentos dos mesmos foram imersos em 0, 600 e 1200 mg L-1 de AIB por seis horas e após cultivados em Plantmax®, areia ou vermiculita. Folhas apicais de quatro procedências: plantas crescendo naturalmente em terreno baldio; plantas oriundas de terreno baldio e cultivadas em casa de vegetação; plantas obtidas das estacas de rizomas e plantas micropropagadas foram coletadas para a avaliação da genotoxicidade e quantificação de polifenóis totais e flavonoides por espectrofotometria, além de ácido clorogênico, quercetina e rutina por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. A genotoxicidade foi avaliada através do teste Allium cepa, testando-se concentrações de 5 e 20 g L-1 de extratos aquosos das folhas secas. As populações influenciaram na germinação de sementes, sendo as de terreno baldio as que apresentaram em média 57,2% de germinação. As sementes germinaram sob fotoperíodo de 16 horas (em média 2,4% e 22,3%) e escuro contínuo (em média 3,5% e 17,6%) no experimento 1 e 3, respectivamente. A embebição por 36 horas favoreceu a germinação (56% e 24,7%) e velocidade de germinação no experimento 2 e 3, respectivamente. A temperatura de 20ºC, no experimento 3, proporcionou a maior porcentagem de germinação das sementes, 26,6%. Na micropropagação, a combinação de 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP + 0,2 mg L-1 de ANA, proporcionou 49% de plantas completas e 37% de sobrevivência na aclimatização. Na estaquia de ramos aéreos, ocorreu superior enraizamento no substrato água com a presença de AIB (29%). O substrato Plantmax® proporcionou 62% de enraizamento nas estacas de rizomas, não diferindo da areia (43%). Na avaliação da genotoxicidade, foi detectado potencial genotóxico dos extratos oriundos das plantas micropropagadas (5 e 20 g L-1) e das cultivadas em casa de vegetação (5 g L-1). Polifenóis e flavonoides foram encontrados em todos os extratos, sendo identificados, os flavonoides, ácido clorogênico e quercetina em maior concentração nas plantas de terreno baldio, 441,4 e 95,7 mg g-1, respectivamente, e rutina em concentração semelhante em todas as amostras (em média 46,9 mg g-1).

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