Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

abstract: This thesis investigates how homeless men and women who use one of only six human services campuses (hscs) in the nation negotiate the stigmatization they may feel as homeless people living in Phoenix, Arizona. An hsc centralizes services to one area of the city to decrease the run around of scattered-site service delivery. It also creates a legitimized space for the homeless in the city. A place for the homeless can be a rarity in cities like Phoenix that have a history of implementing revanchist policies and neo-liberal land use planning, most notably found in its downtown revitalization efforts. During Phoenix's development as a major metropolitan area, the homeless population emerged and lived a life on the margins until the 2005 creation of the Human Services Campus. This research unearths the experiences of homeless men and women who use the HSC today. I used qualitative methods, including document review, 14 in-depth interviews with homeless men and women, 7 interviews with service providers, informal conversations with additional homeless clients, and 14 months of field observations at the HSC to collect the data presented in this thesis. The results of this research illustrate reasons why the homeless clients interviewed were sensitive to the stigmatization of their social status, and how they managed their stigmatization through relationships with homeless peers and staff on the HSC. The presence of an action plan to exit homelessness was critical to the nature of these relationships for clients, because it influenced how clients perceived their own stigmatization as a homeless person. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Sociology 2011

abstract: The United States has a long history of providing public parks and amenities, especially for children. Unfortunately, children today are spending less time in public parks, less time getting physical activity and more time being indoors and sedentary. While multiple factors may be responsible for this lack of activity, multiple researchers have found the availability of parks is a significant influence on the physical activity levels of children as well as on the occurrence of obesity related illness. Public parks are ideal locations for children to get physical activity, however they are not always equitably distributed within communities. Income and race/ethnicity especially are common variables found to impact availability of parks. Such socioeconomic variables typically have an impact on the availability of public parks within a community. Such variables may also impact the quality of the parks provided. A case study of Scottsdale, Arizona was conducted analyzing the availability of public parks within the City between the years of 1990 and 2000 and the current quality of the parks. Statistical analysis and observation were utilized to assess the amount of park space available (in acres) and the quality of the parks in comparison to selected socioeconomic variables including ethnicity, income and total percent housing type (single family or multi-family). All analysis was conducted using U.S. Census data from the years 1990 and 2000 and was at the tract level. The results of the analysis indicate that in contrast to the initial hypothesis and past research, within the City of Scottsdale, lower income neighborhoods actually have more public park space available to them than higher income neighborhoods. Between 1990 and 2000 the difference in park space between the lowest and highest income quartiles increased considerably, approximately 230% over the ten years. The quality analysis results indicate that the overall quality of parks is slightly higher in the highest income neighborhoods, which also have no parks that could be considered of poor quality. Given the atypical results of this analysis, further research is necessary to better understand the impacts of socioeconomic characteristics on park, especially regarding children. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.U.E.P. Urban and Environmental Planning 2011

abstract: This study addresses the landscape connectivity pattern at two different scales. The county-level analysis aims to understand how urban ecosystem structure is likely to evolve in response to the proposed development plans in Maricopa County, Arizona. To identify the spatio-temporal land pattern change, six key landscape metrics were quantified in relative to the urban development scenarios based on the certainty of the proposed urban plans with different level of urban footprints. The effects of future development plans from municipalities on landscape connectivity were then analyzed in the scaled temporal and spatial frame to identify in which urban condition the connectivity value would most likely to decrease. The results demonstrated that tremendous amount of lands will be dedicated to future urbanization, and especially urban agricultural lands will be likely to be vulnerable. The metro-level analysis focuses on a group of species that represent urban desert landscape and have different degrees of fragmentation sensitivity and habitat type requirement. It hypothesizes that the urban habitat patch connectivity is impacted upon by urban density. Two underlying propositions were set: first, lower connectivity is predominant in areas with high urbanization cover; second, landscape connectivity will be impacted largely on the interfaces between urban, suburban, and rural areas. To test this, a GIS-based connectivity modeling was employed. The resultant change in connectivity values was examined for exploring the spatial relation to predefined spatial frames, such as urban, suburban, and rural zones of which boundaries were delineated by buffering method with two criteria of human population density and urban cover proportion. The study outcomes provide a practical guidance to minimize connectivity loss and degradation by informing planners with more optimal alternatives among various policy decisions and implementation. It also gives an inspiration for ecological landscape planning in urbanized or urbanizing regions which can ultimately leads urban landscape sustainability. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Environmental Design and Planning 2011

abstract: This research investigates the relationship between municipal annexation and local government's financial condition. It addresses a significant gap in the literature by focusing on the roles of local government revenue structure and land use situations in affecting annexation's fiscal implications. The major research question is how these two categories of local circumstances affect annexation's fiscal implications, and what patterns may emerge based on the empirical evidence. With two parts of empirical analyses, I explore the features of the moderating effects of these two local circumstances: how the interactions between annexation and local circumstances influence local government's financial condition. The first part of the analyses examines the role of local government's revenue structure in affecting annexation's fiscal implications. Using a sample of more than six thousand municipalities, empirical analyses of OLS and interactive regression models show the effects of local taxing authority and revenue reliance. The second part underscores the effects of land use along with annexations in municipalities in the Phoenix metropolitan area across two decades. Utilizing GIS data for annexation and land use, it presents spatial patterns of annexation activities and land use changes. A fixed effects model with panel data is used to investigate the joint effects of annexation and land use on local government's financial condition. The complicated effects of different land use situations are identified. The findings suggest that annexation has the potential for fiscal gains to local government, but its positive fiscal effects may diminish if the municipality has less capability to make suitable revenue arrangement, and if a high proportion of land in the municipality that remains undeveloped. Above all, this research offers a comprehensive perspective regarding municipal annexation, land use and local government finance, to inform a larger debate of urban growth and local financial management. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Public Administration 2012

abstract: Despite public demand for climate change mitigation and natural open space conservancy, existing political and design efforts are only beginning to address the declining efficacy of the biotic carbon pool (C-pool) to sequester carbon. Advances in understanding of biogeochemical processes have provided methods for estimating carbon embodied in natural open spaces and enhancing carbon sequestration efficacy. In this study, the benefits of carbon embodied in dryland open spaces are determined by estimating carbon flux and analyzing ecological, social, and economic benefits provided by sequestered carbon. Understanding the ecological processes and derived benefits of carbon exchange in dryland open spaces will provide insight into enhancing carbon sequestration efficacy. Open space carbon is estimated by calculating the amount of carbon sequestration (estimated in Mg C / ha / y) in dryland open space C-pools. Carbon sequestration in dryland open spaces can be summarized in five open space typologies: hydric, mesic, aridic, biomass for energy agriculture, and traditional agriculture. Hydric (wetland) systems receive a significant amount of moisture; mesic (riparian) systems receive a moderate amount of moisture; and aridic (dry) systems receive low amounts of moisture. Biomass for energy production (perennial biomass) and traditional agriculture (annual / traditional biomass) can be more effective carbon sinks if managed appropriately. Impacts of design interventions to the carbon capacity of dryland open space systems are calculated by estimating carbon exchange in existing open space (base case) compared to projections of carbon sequestered in a modified system (prototype design). A demonstration project at the Lower San Pedro River Watershed highlights the potential for enhancing carbon sequestration. The site-scale demonstration project takes into account a number of limiting factors and opportunities including: availability of water and ability to manipulate its course, existing and potential vegetation, soil types and use of carbon additives, and land-use (particularly agriculture). Specific design challenges to overcome included: restoring perennial water to the Lower San Pedro River, reestablishing hydric and mesic systems, linking fragmented vegetation, and establishing agricultural systems that provide economic opportunities and act as carbon sinks. The prototype design showed enhancing carbon sequestration efficacy by 128-133% is possible with conservative design interventions. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Landscape Architecture 2012

Landscape is everything that surrounds us, the space in which we live and which we create. In recent years there have been increasingly frequent discussions about sustainable development that naturally concerns also landscape, aiming to ensure that it can withstand our management and last also for future generations. For this reason, land use planning and everything related to it is very important. This component of our activity is very comprehensive and complex and at the same time absolutely essential for our future. The aim of land use planning is to create prerequisites for construction and sustainable development whilst maintaining and developing natural, cultural and civilisation values. In pursuing this activity, land use planning is assisted by several instruments. Among other things, these instruments include zoning studies, which may serve as a basis for elaborating zoning documentation. Their purpose is to verify the possibility and conditions for changes in a territory and they strive to find its bottlenecks, examine and assess them and propose potential solutions. This shall also be the aim of this thesis dedicated to the Hoštice cadastral area in Šumava including its division into conservation areas and areas without special protection and a proposal of a potential solution.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sardinha_ds_dr_rcla.pdf: 3444759 bytes, checksum: 87f6fe48add10a29187fa3f42050981c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A determinação das taxas de intemperismo é importante em geoquímica de superfície, pois, fornece conhecimentos úteis para um melhor entendimento das condições de uso e evolução dos solos, entre outros aspectos. Neste trabalho foram utilizados o sódio (Na+), potássio (K+), cálcio (Ca2+), magnésio (Mg2+) e sílica (SiO2) para avaliar a taxa de intemperismo químico das rochas sedimentares e ígneas das Formações Itaqueri e Serra Geral na bacia do Rio Jaú, Estado de São Paulo. As análises químicas e mineralógicas demonstram que ocorrem alterações químicas moderadas nos minerais primários (feldspato potássico, anortoclásio, augita, albita e anortita), com a geração de minerais secundários (caulinita, haloisita, saponita e esmectita). Sódio, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e sílica são os primeiros elementos a serem mobilizados devido ao estágio de intemperismo e alteração dos minerais primários. A solubilidade do quartzo é menor do que a de outros minerais, acarretando na geração de argilo minerais e nos processos de monossialitização, bissilialitização e quartzo residual nos solos da bacia. Ao se utilizar os principais cátions, cálcio, magnésio, sódio e potássio, com o propósito de investigar a taxa de intemperismo químico, foi possível identificar alguns problemas, provavelmente relacionados com as contribuições antropogênicas ou geogênicas que ocorrem neste sistema natural (alta mobilidade, colóides, atividades agrícolas, urbanas e industriais). Como a solubilidade do quartzo (SiO2) é menor do que a de outros minerais, a taxa de intemperismo químico da rocha será menor levando em conta a sua lixiviação durante o intemperismo das rochas para o saprolito. Isto significa que se o quartzo não é dissolvido, toda a sílica... / The weathering rate evaluation is important on surface geochemistry, providing useful information for a better understanding of the conditions of soil evolution, among other aspects. This work used sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and silica (SiO2) to evaluate the chemical weathering rate of sedimentary and igneous rocks from Itaqueri and Serra Geral Formations at the Jaú River basin, São Paulo State. The chemical and mineralogical analysis showed that moderate chemical changes occur in primary minerals (K-feldspar, anorthoclase, augite, albite and anortite), with the generation of secondary minerals (kaolinite, halloysite, saponite and smectite). Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and silica are the first elements to be mobilized due to the weathering stage and alteration of primary minerals. The quartz solubility is lower than that of other minerals, resulting in clay minerals generation and into process of monossialitization, bissialitization and residual quartz in the soils of the basin. By using the major cations, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium, with the purpose of investigating the chemical weathering rate, some problems were identified, probably related to anthropogenic or geogenic contributions that occur in this natural system (high mobility, colloids, agricultural, urban and industrial activities). Since the solubility of quartz (SiO2) is lower than that of other minerals, the chemical weathering rate of the rock will be lower considering the leaching during the weathering of rocks to saprolite. This means that if the quartz is not dissolved, all silica will be derived from silicate minerals hydrolysis, and the increase of these minerals modification also increases the weathering rate. Hence, the chemical weathering rate using silica (SiO2) corresponded to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000755980.pdf: 2624236 bytes, checksum: 8a711828527e25f72c53085c0ddb625d (MD5) / O planejamento ambiental é de fundamental importância em bacias hidrográficas. Estudos detalhados como diagnóstico ambiental e físico-conservacionista trazem resultados no auxílio dessas áreas para a implementação futura de programas de gerenciamento e planejamento por parte de órgãos públicos. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar o estudo da degradação ambiental da bacia do ribeirão Água - Fria, Bofete (SP), baseando-se no parâmetro ambiental “Coeficiente de Rugosidade” e na elaboração de um diagnóstico socioeconômico, ambiental e físico-conservacionista com propostas de soluções que orientem o manejo racional, utilizando-se do geoprocessamento no estudo da ocupação do solo e obtendo subsídios que auxiliem na recuperação e manutenção dessas áreas através do planejamento ambiental. O coeficiente de rugosidade foi dividido em quatro classes de aptidão agrícola, onde as microbacias I, II e V apresentaram aptidão para agricultura (Classe A), e as microbacias III e IV para reflorestamentos (Classe D). A média para o Coeficiente de Rugosidade das microbacias indicou aptidão agrícola para pastagens (Classe B). Em relação aos índices de forma e de circularidade, os resultados permitem inferir que a área apresenta baixa susceptibilidade a enchentes. A declividade média da área é de 13,6%, classificando o relevo como forte ondulado. Os resultados mostram que as pastagens ocupam a maior parte da área, reflexo da presença da pecuária regional. A deterioração para o diagnóstico socioeconômico é de 54,81%, de 27,6% para o ambiental e 17,12% em relação ao diagnóstico físico-conservacionista. A degradação ambiental da bacia do ribeirão Água - Fria é de 33,17%, acima do limite tolerável de 10%, chamando a atenção para os impactos ambientais que estão ocorrendo na área de estudo. Concluiu-se que toda e qualquer ação visando... / Environmental planning is crucial in watersheds. As detailed environmental assessment and physical conservation studies present results in these areas to aid future implementation of planning and management programs by public agencies. In this sense, the research aimed to conduct the study of the environmental degradation of the watershed of the Stream Água - Fria, Bofete (SP), based on the environmental parameter roughness coefficient and the development of a socioeconomic, environmental and physical conservationist with proposed solutions to guide the rational management, using the geoprocessing in the study of land use and obtaining grants to assist in the restoration and maintenance of these areas through environmental planning. The roughness coefficient was divided into four classes of land suitability, where the watersheds I, II and V showed aptitude for agriculture (Class A), and the micro III and IV for reforestation (Class D). Average for the roughness coefficient of watersheds indicated suitability for agricultural pastures (Class B). Compared to the shape and roundness, the results allow us to infer that the area has low susceptibility to flooding. The average slope of the area is 13.6%, ranking as strongly 4 undulated relief. The results show that pastures occupy most of the area, reflecting the presence of regional livestock. The deterioration for socioeconomic diagnosis is 54.81%, 27.6% for environmental and 17.12% in relation to physical diagnosis conservationist. The environmental degradation of the watershed of the stream Água - Fria is 33.17%, above the tolerable limit of 10 %, calling attention to the environmental impacts that are occurring in the study area. It was concluded that any action aimed at the conservation of water resources requires the initiative of public policies and programs aimed at farmers and environmental education is essential for the farmer run in a ...

Orientador: Sérgio Campos / Banca: Célia Regina Lopes Zimback / Banca: Ellen Fittipaldi B. Carrega / Banca: Zacarias Xavier de Barros / Banca: Fernanda Leite Ribeiro / Banca: Osmar Delmanto Junior / Resumo: O planejamento ambiental é de fundamental importância em bacias hidrográficas. Estudos detalhados como diagnóstico ambiental e físico-conservacionista trazem resultados no auxílio dessas áreas para a implementação futura de programas de gerenciamento e planejamento por parte de órgãos públicos. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar o estudo da degradação ambiental da bacia do ribeirão Água - Fria, Bofete (SP), baseando-se no parâmetro ambiental "Coeficiente de Rugosidade" e na elaboração de um diagnóstico socioeconômico, ambiental e físico-conservacionista com propostas de soluções que orientem o manejo racional, utilizando-se do geoprocessamento no estudo da ocupação do solo e obtendo subsídios que auxiliem na recuperação e manutenção dessas áreas através do planejamento ambiental. O coeficiente de rugosidade foi dividido em quatro classes de aptidão agrícola, onde as microbacias I, II e V apresentaram aptidão para agricultura (Classe A), e as microbacias III e IV para reflorestamentos (Classe D). A média para o Coeficiente de Rugosidade das microbacias indicou aptidão agrícola para pastagens (Classe B). Em relação aos índices de forma e de circularidade, os resultados permitem inferir que a área apresenta baixa susceptibilidade a enchentes. A declividade média da área é de 13,6%, classificando o relevo como forte ondulado. Os resultados mostram que as pastagens ocupam a maior parte da área, reflexo da presença da pecuária regional. A deterioração para o diagnóstico socioeconômico é de 54,81%, de 27,6% para o ambiental e 17,12% em relação ao diagnóstico físico-conservacionista. A degradação ambiental da bacia do ribeirão Água - Fria é de 33,17%, acima do limite tolerável de 10%, chamando a atenção para os impactos ambientais que estão ocorrendo na área de estudo. Concluiu-se que toda e qualquer ação visando... / Abstract: Environmental planning is crucial in watersheds. As detailed environmental assessment and physical conservation studies present results in these areas to aid future implementation of planning and management programs by public agencies. In this sense, the research aimed to conduct the study of the environmental degradation of the watershed of the Stream Água - Fria, Bofete (SP), based on the environmental parameter "roughness coefficient" and the development of a socioeconomic, environmental and physical conservationist with proposed solutions to guide the rational management, using the geoprocessing in the study of land use and obtaining grants to assist in the restoration and maintenance of these areas through environmental planning. The roughness coefficient was divided into four classes of land suitability, where the watersheds I, II and V showed aptitude for agriculture (Class A), and the micro III and IV for reforestation (Class D). Average for the roughness coefficient of watersheds indicated suitability for agricultural pastures (Class B). Compared to the shape and roundness, the results allow us to infer that the area has low susceptibility to flooding. The average slope of the area is 13.6%, ranking as strongly 4 undulated relief. The results show that pastures occupy most of the area, reflecting the presence of regional livestock. The deterioration for socioeconomic diagnosis is 54.81%, 27.6% for environmental and 17.12% in relation to physical diagnosis conservationist. The environmental degradation of the watershed of the stream Água - Fria is 33.17%, above the tolerable limit of 10 %, calling attention to the environmental impacts that are occurring in the study area. It was concluded that any action aimed at the conservation of water resources requires the initiative of public policies and programs aimed at farmers and environmental education is essential for the farmer run in a ... / Doutor