These four presentations were prepared for the Society for Applied Anthropology's annual meeting in March 2013 in Denver, CO. These presentations present findings from the Solar PEIS Native American ethnographic study. / The United States government is considering areas in the five states for the large-scale solar energy development. These solar energy zones (SEZs) contain important Native American resources ranging from traditional use plants, healing places, and trail networks. During the environmental impact assessment, Numic-speaking peoples shared with University of Arizona ethnographers their thoughts regarding cultural uses of the SEZ and associated resources and potential impacts. This session focuses on unique cultural resources and the cultural implications of solar energy development.

The dissertation focuses on 1. M. Coetzee's novels The Life and Times of Michael K., Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life and Disgrace, analysing the central protagonists' engagement with the landscape in general and specifically focussing on the farm as a site on which identities are interrogated. By way of introduction the two central themes, landscape and identity are highlighted with respect to Coetzee's theoretical work, specifically White Writing and Doubling the Point. Introductory discussion on the 'farm novel' and 'autobiography' is also given in the first chapter. In the second chapter, Boyhood is examined as an influential text in the rereading of Coetzee's allegorical work Michael K. The intention is to elucidate the power relations which underlie the earlier novel by means of a comparative analysis of the mother-child, father-child culture-child and author-text relationships found in Boyhood. Consideration of Coetzee's critical analysis of Olive Schreiner's Story of an African Farm is given towards establishing links between Coetzee's fiction and the farm novel genre. The third chapter focuses on Disgrace as 'another take' on the farm novel. The position of the white male 'self' in post-apartheid South Africa is interrogated through an analysis of the protagonist David Lurie's fictional' return to the farm.' 'Subject'/ 'other' relations are also discussed with a view to understanding identity formation. In the final chapter, conclusions are drawn regarding the relationship between Coetzee's fiction and the farm novel genre. Finally, the failure of lineal consciousness and the' self becoming redundant are considered. / Thesis (M.A.) - University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg , 2002.

This study examines the means by which Clive van den Berg (b.1956) presents and explores the South African landscape and recent past, and in so doing examines the evolution of van den Berg's process of looking and interpretation. Seminal to such an investigation is a Critical examination of what history, memory and landscape are or might be perceived to be. Chapter.One centres on an evaluation of these terms and comprises a discussion of their perceived meanings particularfy as they relate to the visual arts, and especially in terms of South African art history. The investigation is facilitated by an examination of key works produced by van den Berg between 1983, which marks the commencement of the Views from the Oasis Series, and 1998, the year in which van den Berg produced the sculptural piece that comprises his contribution to the !Xoe Site Specific Project. In addition, it was in 1998 that van den Berg added the medium of video to his range of materials. Selected examples of van den Berg's earlier works, those executed in the1980s, are examined in Chapter Two. The works that are discussed here are: selected works from the Views from the Oasis Series (1983), the Large Oasis Series (1985) and the Sacred Site Series (1985). Reference is also made in this chapter to selected images from van den Berg's series of Invocations (1987). These images are examined primarily in terms of the challenge they present to conventional definitions of landscape and history. In subsequent v.urks of the 1980s van den Berg has presented the landscape more overtly as a symbol of self and personal experience. Central Park: Durban (1987) serves as an early example of work of this type and is. discussed here as it well illustrates a transition in terms of van den Berg's approach to the landscape. In Chapter Three selected vvorks produced by van den Berg in the 1990s are discussed. The works under review here are: the drawings that form part of van den Berg's Mine Dump Project (1994), his installation Men Loving (1996) executed for the Faultlines Project and the sculptural piece created for the !Xoe Site-Specific Project (1988). With these works van den Berg explores not only the marks left on the land by South African recent and colonial history or memory, but also those aspects of South Africa's past which remain hidden- and are unrecoverable. Van den Berg's more recent use of video is also referred to in Chapter Three as his use of, and approach to, this medium may be seen to add a further dimension to his investigations into history. Special attention is paid to the significance of the medium, or kinds of materials used in the creation of these 'HOrks, and condusions are drawn in terms of van den Berg's selection of subject and approach to medium in the period under study. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2000.

A map is a context. This project is about contextualization. This process has helped me understand where landscape architecture currently sits as a discipline and offers hints as to where it might go in the future. The function of this mapping is as much about re-shaping an understanding of landscape architecture as it is about understanding landscape urbanism. Like architecture and city planning, landscape architecture is a discipline in constant flux, redefining its role with and relationship to parallel fields of thought and within broader disciplinary contexts. Over the last few decades it has become apparent that landscape architecture has emerged as a discipline strongly capable of reshaping urban space. Ideas regarding landscapes as active, dynamic, operational systems have paralleled the discipline’s growing relevance within an urban context. In this time landscape urbanism has emerged as a reaction to landscape architecture’s role within our changing world. For landscape urbanism to contribute anything of value to the future of urbanism, or to the design disciplines, it needs to be contextualized within the larger framework of which it is part, without this context landscape urbanism has no relevance. Where it has come from must be critically assessed as a way to understand its intentions and potential future. Landscape urbanism may expand architecture’s boundaries to include elements of landscape thinking, but it does not expand the boundaries of landscape design. Its attempt to generate a new approach for urbanism is innovative as architecture, in its effort to expand the discipline’s understanding of site, but as a design discipline, or a strategic approach to thinking, landscape urbanism is not innovative.

Issues associated with urban development such as the urban heat island effect, loss of habitat, increased areas of impervious surfaces leading to storm water management concerns are well known. Many designers, engineers and policy creators are sensitive to these issues creating positive change by implementing alternatives to traditional development. Although, the concept of green roofs is not new to the prairies, modern development of this technology has not been fully embraced. Surrounded by concerns of efficacy and longevity here in the harsh northern prairie climate, green roof development and implementation has been slow. The objective of this practicum is to determine what green roof system and what vegetation of the short grass / fescue prairie and mix grass prairie would succeed in a green roof setting. Determining the appropriate planting palette and growth medium depth for the Canadian Prairies is essential for the development of the green roof industry locally.

Kulturhistoriska platser har allt mer börjat benämnas som kulturmiljöer, vilket är hela områden som har påverkats av människan på ett eller annat sätt. I dessa områden fanns andra värderingar än endast det kulturhistoriska, oftast formulerade som hållbarhet och utveckling. Båda dessa begrepp är grundpelare i uppsatsens teoretiska utgångspunkt, resiliensteorin. Resiliensteorin är en förgrening till systemteori, i vilken samhället ses som en helhet. Enligt resiliensteorin är samhället likt ett socio-ekologiskt system uppbyggt av flera variabler i samhället, dessa variabler är; sociala, politiska, miljömässiga och ekonomiska. Dessa variabler består i sin tur av flera variabler som bygger upp deras helhet. Variablerna har olika tröskelvärden, det vill säga hur mycket en variabler klara av olika former av påfrestning innan systemet delvis förändras eller förstörs. Kulturmiljön är en av variablerna som bygger upp samhället. I uppsatsen undersöks vad som händer med kulturmiljöer när de definieras som variabler inom resiliensteorin, vilken roll de är tänkt att fylla på en beslutsmässig nivå; från internationell nivå till regional nivå. Frågeställningarna är: Varför ser dagens kulturarbete kring natur- och kulturmiljön ut som den gör idag? Vilka aktörer finns och förvänts finnas i anknytning till kulturmiljön? Vilka är resonemangen kring värdefulla kulturmiljöer? Vägs alla resiliensteoretiska aspekter i kulturmiljön lika tungt i beslutsprocesser och användningen av den? Källmaterialet i uppsatsen är från forskning kring kulturlandskapet och resiliens-forskning, med olika undersökningar och publikationer som grund. För undersökning kring de beslutsfattande leden har olika propositioner, motioner, FOU-publikationer från staten samt publikationer från Länsstyrelsen i Värmlands län undersökts. Undersökningsmetoden har varit text- och diskursanalys. Undersökningen visar hur kultur- och naturmiljön skapats utefter en rad vetenskapliga och politiska diskurser. Den rådande diskursen, formad av resiliensteorin, har nu gjort det möjligt att legitimera ett sökande efter nya värden i kulturmiljön annat än det traditionella bevarandet. Vilket öppnat upp för nya värden, värderingar och bruk av kulturmiljön och potentiellt förändra rollen av kulturarv i samhället. I en rådande majoritet av framtidsplanerna kring kulturmiljöer i Värmlands län är detta bruk ekonomiskt och besöksnärings bejakande.

Indiana author Booth Tarkington laid the groundwork for understanding issues related to urban design and planning in the Midwest with a tandem of novels: The Magnificent Ambersons (1917), and The Midlander (1923). More importantly, evidence can be found to suggest that it is not only through knowledge and appreciation of tangible urban form, but also an appreciation and awareness of a culture, via its literature, that these issues of design and planning can be more fully understood by design professionals.The purpose of this study, then, is to discover the connections between studies in the field of landscape architecture (with regard to urban form and urban imageability) and the "literary landscapes" of Booth Tarkington. These connections will serve, first, to clarify and prioritize my study; second, to educate design professionals in an alternative way of understanding and tackling the physical issues of imageability in today's world; and third, to suggest to all designers the necessity for knowing, appreciating and utilizing the virtually infinite range of resources available to them. / Department of Landscape Architecture

A map is a context. This project is about contextualization. This process has helped me understand where landscape architecture currently sits as a discipline and offers hints as to where it might go in the future. The function of this mapping is as much about re-shaping an understanding of landscape architecture as it is about understanding landscape urbanism. Like architecture and city planning, landscape architecture is a discipline in constant flux, redefining its role with and relationship to parallel fields of thought and within broader disciplinary contexts. Over the last few decades it has become apparent that landscape architecture has emerged as a discipline strongly capable of reshaping urban space. Ideas regarding landscapes as active, dynamic, operational systems have paralleled the discipline’s growing relevance within an urban context. In this time landscape urbanism has emerged as a reaction to landscape architecture’s role within our changing world. For landscape urbanism to contribute anything of value to the future of urbanism, or to the design disciplines, it needs to be contextualized within the larger framework of which it is part, without this context landscape urbanism has no relevance. Where it has come from must be critically assessed as a way to understand its intentions and potential future. Landscape urbanism may expand architecture’s boundaries to include elements of landscape thinking, but it does not expand the boundaries of landscape design. Its attempt to generate a new approach for urbanism is innovative as architecture, in its effort to expand the discipline’s understanding of site, but as a design discipline, or a strategic approach to thinking, landscape urbanism is not innovative.

Issues associated with urban development such as the urban heat island effect, loss of habitat, increased areas of impervious surfaces leading to storm water management concerns are well known. Many designers, engineers and policy creators are sensitive to these issues creating positive change by implementing alternatives to traditional development. Although, the concept of green roofs is not new to the prairies, modern development of this technology has not been fully embraced. Surrounded by concerns of efficacy and longevity here in the harsh northern prairie climate, green roof development and implementation has been slow. The objective of this practicum is to determine what green roof system and what vegetation of the short grass / fescue prairie and mix grass prairie would succeed in a green roof setting. Determining the appropriate planting palette and growth medium depth for the Canadian Prairies is essential for the development of the green roof industry locally.

This dissertation deals with the sort of culture that forms the organization of education and its contents of two multicultural nine-year compulsory schools. The analysis is based on ethnographic work on the municipal school Tallskolan and the free independent Muslim school Jibrilskolan. To illustrate the sorts of social integration offered by Tallskolan and Jibrilskolan and explain whence they came, I have used Alexander’s (2006) conception of incorporation and civilsphere. In relation to the concepts, landscapes of meaning and systems of meaning (Reed, 2011) I ask what they can tell us about the expectations which members of society direct towards themselves, and in particular pupils with an immigrant background and the multicultural schools which they expect to help them into society.The result shows that the prioritizing of Tallskolan's school heads and the municipality changes at the same rate as that of the social geography of the residential district. School politics have tried in different ways to desegregatethe pupils through closing down the intermediate school stage and offeringschool attendance at other schools, but have failed due to parental protest.Overall changes that have been realised during the latter period is a drive to give further educational training to teachers of Swedish as a second language. When looked at through the theoretic concepts of the dissertation these priorities mirror an adaptation to society's main cultural practice. The result for Jibrilskolan shows that the school prioritizes the development of the pupils' Muslim identity and their self-confidence. The school consists of teachers with both Swedish and Muslim backgrounds. The actual teaching activates different opinions as to the degree that religion influences the teaching. Divergent opinions are overruled, however, as teachers with a Swedish background see that Islam can also be used as a resource. The Muslim teachers help the teachers with a Swedish background to explain and convince the Muslim parents to let their children participate in activities which they otherwise would probably not have done. Based on the theoretic concepts of the dissertation the prioritizing mirrors a great variety of different perspectives on knowledge, values and norms.