Thesis (M.A.)--Northern Michigan University, 2009. / Bibliography: leaves 72-78.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The recognition and description of relief features from their contour patterns is recognized as the main challenge in topographic map education. Conducting field exercises can solve this problem, but can be very time consuming. Modern technology, however, provides an alternative teaching technique by creating depictions of terrain. Important issues raised by this new approach include questions such as what these depictions should look like and how it should be presented to the user. Research presented here aims to address these issues by constructing design guidelines for terrain depiction. These design guidelines were derived from previous research and case studies. The guidelines focussed on research about how people perceive different representations of terrain and how these representations should optimally be presented. The design guidelines were constructed from research done in diverse fields such as cognitive psychology, cartography and engineering. Results of this research revealed that in order to develop an effective terrain visualization tool, it is crucial to incorporate different fields of expertise. The design guidelines were implemented with ArcView GIS and its 3D Analyst extension, which has the ability to display spatial data in three dimensions. The final product is called Terrain Visualization Tool 1.1 (TVT) and was created by customizing an ArcView GIS project (TV BUILDER) and constructing a Website (TV VIEWER). TV BUILDER creates the visualization data in the form of 20 web pages per topographic area and links them to TV VIEWER that serves as a platform to view the data. The design guidelines were implemented successfully and show the advantages of using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in related research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die identifisering en beskrywing van landskapelemente vanaf hul kontoere is geidentifiseer as die primere uitdaging in topografiese kaartonderrig. Hierdie probleem kan oorkom word deur kaartleesoefeninge in die veld te onderneem, maar dit neem baie tyd in beslag. Modeme tegnologie maak ‘n alternatiewe onderrigmedium moontlik deur die skep van verskillende landskapsuitbeeldings. Hierdie alternatief laat die vraag ontstaan hoe die uitbeeldings moet lyk en hoe dit aan die gebruiker aangebied moet word. Die doel van hierdie navorsing spreek hierdie vrae aan deur ontwerpriglyne vir landskap uitbeelding daar te stel. Die ontwerpriglyne is saamgestel deur bestudering van vorige navorsing en studies wat op hierdie gebied gedoen is. Die riglyne fokus veral op navorsing wat mense se reaksie op verskillende landskapuitbeeldings ondersoek. Die ontwerpriglyne is egter saamgestel deur navorsing wat gedoen is in velde soos kognitiewe sielkunde, kartografie en ingenieurswese. Hierdie navorsing het bewys dat inkorporasie van verskillende studievelde in die ontwikkeling van terrein visualiseringstoepassings essensieel is. Die riglyne is geimplementeer deur gebruik te maak van ArcView GIS en die 3D Analyst uitbreiding wat die vermoe het om data in drie dimensies uit te beeld. Die finale produk genaamd Terrain Visualization Tool 1.1 (TVT) bestaan uit twee komponente, naamlik ‘n aangepaste ArcView GIS projek (TV BUILDER) en ‘n webwerf (TV VIEWER). TV BUILDER skep die landskapsuitbeeldings van een topografiese area in die vorm van 20 web bladsye en verbind dit met TV VIEWER, wat as ‘n platform dien om die landskap uitbeeldings te beskou. Die ontwerpriglyne is suksesvol geimplementeer, wat die voordele van Geografiese Inligtingstelsels (GIS) in hierdie en soortgelyke toekomstige navorsing demonstreer.

Thesis (MA (History))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / A cultural landscape is a geographical area that includes the associations of cultural and natural resources of historic events, actions, person or groups of people. A cultural landscape gives one a sense of belonging. It explains relationships between man and land over time; it is part of a national heritage and part of every person’s life. The value of cultural landscapes is vested in the fact that they include a variety of diverse environments. The motive of selecting this subject for search is the prominent disregard of existing culture in certain cultural landscapes and creation of new artificial cultural landscapes with profit exclusively as its main goal. One of the aims of the study is to look at the threats of cultural landscapes. The concept cultural landscapes is extensively explained in context of its advantages and disadvantages. Sustainable tourism development is closely connected to sustainable development of heritage sites. Local government should therefore develop a cultural tourism policy in collaboration with private stakeholders and local residents as a matter of priority. The focus is on the balance between values of cultural heritage and potential economic opportunities for local communities. The procedure of the declaration of World Heritages sites is also dealt with. The purpose of the case studies is to use local examples in order to reflect the situation in the Western Cape with respect to cultural landscapes. Two cases of cultural landscapes were researched, namely the Karoo Heritage Landscape’s upgrading of the golf course in Oudtshoorn with a proposed new housing development, and a proposed development and extension at the Boschendal Farmers Estate in the Franschhoek district. Guidelines and examples for managing the models for conservation of cultural landscapes are given, which include natural and cultural resources as well as the concerns of the local communities. The need for a global strategy is strongly emphasized. UNESCO’S World Heritage List of Cultural Landscapes is attached as an appendix.

CAPES / O Brasil abriga uma das mais ricas avifaunas do mundo, a qual está submetida a altos índices de degradação ambiental, principalmente no que se refere à fragmentação florestal. O bioma Floresta Atlântica retrata esse histórico de devastação e hoje remanesce em paisagens altamente degradadas na forma de pequenos fragmentos isolados. Este projeto teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da fragmentação florestal em uma área com remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica no norte do Paraná (Brasil) sobre a distribuição e a organização da assembleia de aves florestais, testando a hipótese de que a organização da assembleia nos fragmentos é diferente daquela esperada ao acaso. Realizamos quatro amostragens qualitativas da avifauna em três conjuntos de fragmentos florestais na paisagem, cada um com três fragmentos cada: grande, médio e pequeno. Foram duas amostragens entre setembro e novembro/2013 e duas entre março e maio/2014. Em cada amostragem foi aplicado o método de pontos de escuta ao longo de transectos percorridos aleatoriamente, com um esforço amostral de dois dias de observação por fragmento e duas réplicas diárias (6h30 às 10h30 e 15h00 às 19h00), respeitando os horários de maior atividade das aves. A estrutura da assembleia foi avaliada por índices de coocorrência de espécies (Checkerboard e CScore) e padrões de diversidade α (riqueza) e β (turnover de espécies), enquanto a estrutura da paisagem foi analisada a partir dos parâmetros: área, distância entre os fragmentos, dimensão fractal, densidade de borda, índice de forma do fragmento e índice de área nuclear. A hipótese nula de ausência de estrutura na assembleia de aves na paisagem foi testada com modelos nulos a partir dos índices de coocorrência. Os efeitos da estrutura da paisagem sobre a estrutura da assembleia foram analisados pelo teste de Mantel e análise de componentes principais (PCA). A estrutura da assembleia na paisagem apresentou um padrão de organização espaço-temporal significativamente diferente daquele esperado ao acaso, revelando uma estruturação mais influenciada pela segregação entre as espécies. Os fragmentos apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto à riqueza, ao contrário dos conjuntos de fragmentos, indicando relativa homogeneidade na estrutura da paisagem. As diferenças entre os tamanhos e a distância entre os fragmentos influenciaram significativamente os padrões de organização da assembleia de aves florestais na paisagem e os padrões de diversidades α e β, indicando que quanto maiores os fragmentos e menores as distâncias entre eles, mais o padrão de coocorrência entre as espécies é diferente do esperado ao acaso. A partir dos resultados encontrados foi possível inferir que a paisagem fragmentada de remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica do norte do Paraná ainda apresenta disponibilidade de recursos ambientais e características físicas que permitem a persistência de uma estrutura de organização da assembleia de aves florestais no espaço ao longo do tempo. / Brazil is home to one of the richest avifaunas the world, which is subject to high levels of environmental degradation, in particular forest fragmentation. The Atlantic Forest biome depicts this history of devastation and today remains as small isolated fragments on highly degraded landscapes. This project aimed to evaluate the effects of forest fragmentation in an area with Atlantic Forest remnants in northern Paraná (Brazil) on the distribution and the organization of assemblage of forest birds and tested the hypothesis that the structure of the assembly in the fragments is different than expected by chance. We did four qualitative samplings of birds in three sets of forest fragments in the landscape, each with three fragments: large, medium and small. The method applied in the sampling was point counts along transects, traveled randomly for four hours in each fragment. Samples were taken in two periods: from September to November / 2013, and between March and May / 2014. The structure of the meeting was assessed by rates of co-occurring species (Checkerboard and CScore) and α diversity patterns (wealth) and β (turnover of species), while the landscape structure was analyzed from the parameters: area, distance between fragments, fractal dimension, edge density, fragment shape index and nuclear area index. The null hypothesis of no structure in the assembly of birds in the landscape was tested with null models from the co-occurrence indexes. The effects of landscape structure on the assembly of the structure were analyzed by the Mantel test and principal component analysis (PCA). The assembly of the structure in the landscape showed a pattern of spatiotemporal organization significantly different from that expected by chance, revealing a structure most influenced by segregation of the species. The fragments showed significant differences in richness, unlike sets of fragments, indicating relative homogeneity in the landscape structure. The differences between the size and the distance between the fragments significantly influenced the patterns of organization of the meeting of forest birds in the landscape and patterns of α and β diversity, indicating that the higher the fragment and smaller distances between them, more the standard of species cooccurrence is different than expected by chance. Thus, the fragmented landscape of remnants of the northern Paraná Atlantic Forest still has availability of environmental resources and physical characteristics that allow a persistent organizational structure of the assembly of forest birds in space over time.

Submitted by Antonio Bento de Oliveira Junior null (junioreif@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-23T13:42:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-final.pdf: 43113195 bytes, checksum: 7cc85051e3a1420a2983ce716e0ae144 (MD5) / Rejected by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: Problema 01 : A data na capa deve conter somente o ano; Problema 02: A data na folha de aprovação deve ser a data da defesa; Problema 03: Se você teve financiamento da FAPESP é obrigatório constar também na folha de rosto e o numero do processo; Problema 04: As páginas viii, xvi, xviii, 10, 34, 38, 46 e 60 estão em branco; Problema 05: A numeração das páginas deve ser contínua. Caso ainda tenha dúvida consulte, por gentileza o modelo que consta na página da seção de pós-graduação, link Instruções para Qualificação e Defesas :http://www.ibilce.unesp.br/#!/pos-graduacao/instrucoes-para-aluno-que-vai-defender/ Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-01-23T17:41:25Z (GMT) / Submitted by Antonio Bento de Oliveira Junior null (junioreif@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-23T18:20:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-final.pdf: 42848208 bytes, checksum: 26d4aab1e2a66d06ba87e4533f1cdd40 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-01-24T12:12:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveirajunior_ab_dr_sjrp.pdf: 42589488 bytes, checksum: 6433ad3adeeb7e56b159e54ad745abe2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T12:12:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveirajunior_ab_dr_sjrp.pdf: 42589488 bytes, checksum: 6433ad3adeeb7e56b159e54ad745abe2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O enovelamento de proteínas acontece em um espaço de fase multidimensional, onde o número conformações possíveis é exponencialmente alta. Uma forma comum de representar essas conformações é utilizar uma coordenada de reação efetiva (por exemplo, fração de contatos nativos). Porém, como a informação de cada conformação não é representada neste tipo de aproximação estatistifica, alguns mecanismos do enovelamento de proteínas não são possíveis de ser descritos ou analisados. Neste trabalho, usou-se uma métrica para descrever a distancia entre quaisquer duas conformações, essa métrica é calculada levando em conta as distâncias internas dos aminoácidos presentes em cada estrutura. Utilizando-se um método de projeção efetiva é possível ir além da representação em uma dimensão e visualizar a superfície de enovelamento da proteína em duas ou três dimensões. Para aplicar essa metodologia realizou-se simulações computacionais do enovelamento de proteínas utilizando o modelo baseado em estrutura, com aproximação para Cα. Três proteínas foram analisadas: CI-2, o Domínio SH3 e a Proteína A. Dos resultados, foi possível observar que para cada tipo de "motifs"estrutural (folha-β e/ou α-hélice) projetou funis de enovelamento distintos. A partir da visualização foi possível analisar o processo de enovelamento em detalhes, sendo possível identificar a conectividade entre as conformações assim como, possíveis rotas de enovelamento (f olding pathsways). Analisou-se também as diferenças estruturais da rota dominante no domínio SH3 e a competitividade entre a estrutura do estado nativo e do estado espelhado que acontece em proteínas que possuem somente α-hélice, como é o caso da proteína A. / Protein folding occurs in a very high dimensional phase space, in which an exponentially large number of states is represented in terms of one effective reaction coordinate. Since the role of each local minimum is not considered in this statistical approach, the folding mechanism is unveiled by describing the local minima in an effective onedimensional representation. In this work, we used a metric to describe the distance between any two conformations, which is based on internal distances between amino acids in each conformation. A effective projection method allows to go beyond the one-dimensional representation and visualizing a 2D folding funnel representation. Computer simulations of protein folding were performed using Cα structure-based model. Three proteins have been studied: CI2, SH3 Domain and Protein-A. Distinct funnels have been generated according to the major motifs in each proteins, (β-sheet or/and α-helix). The visualization allows assessing the folding process in detail, e.g. by identifying the connectivity between conformations and establishing the paths that lead to the native state and we analyzed structural differences in the dominant route of SH3 and the competitiveness between the native and mirror structures in protein A.

This thesis approaches two perennial and interrelated problems in the historiography of China - the question of the openness or self-isolation of (Ming) Chinese society, as well as the nature and extent of the Mongol legacy in the (early) Ming - from a new angle. In spite of a growing body of scholarship on political, military, and institutional aspects of the transition from 'foreign' Mongol Yuan (1271-1368) to 'native' Ming (1368-1644) rule, there is one aspect that has received little attention so far: language, or rather languages in the plural, and translation between them. By bringing the various multilingual dimensions of the early Ming to the foreground of analysis and studying them against the backdrop of the Mongol legacy, this thesis covers new ground. While recognising that not all activities with which it is concerned would have been seen as connected by early Ming actors, this thesis argues that they do collectively constitute a realm of action with a common purpose, which we can comprehend as 'language policy.' This perspective is significant, because Yuan continuities on macro levels (administrative, institutional, political) can only be truly grasped through a systematic investigation of micro levels, such as language. To achieve these aims, the thesis blends concepts and methods from history, sinological philology, and Linguistic Landscape Studies (LLS). My argument is threefold. First, the Mongol heritage was not just perceptible in institutions and newly absorbed territory but also on the level of language. Second, the early Ming, far from being 'fiercely anti-Mongol' (as one authority recently put it), consciously attempted to imitate and surpass the Yuan, and multilingualism - for both communicative and emblematic reasons - played an important part in this endeavour. Third, and most importantly, the year 1368 marked neither a 'revolutionary' rupture nor a 'business as usual' continuation of Mongol legacies. Rather, the new dynasty attempted to strike a difficult balance, in which language and translation policies were instrumental in harmonising the needs for both continuity with and a break from the past. The Ming continued Yuan traditions such as the production of multilingual steles and edicts to symbolise and enforce their universal imperial claim, while Chinese was (not de jure, but de facto) reinstituted as the major imperial language, as opposed to one imperial language among many, as in Mongol times. The very notion of universal empire, continued from Yuan to Ming, would beat odds with monolingualism, and consequently, the Ming could not have been monolingual, even if they had so desired. While the distinction between 'multilingual foreign' dynasties (Yuan, Qing) and 'monolingual Chinese' ones (Ming) is not outright wrong, it does need considerable refinement, in order to understand the Ming's place in the larger Yuan-Ming-Qing transition. 'Translation of empire' has a double meaning in this thesis. First, it is meant literally in the sense of language mediation: textual legacies of the Yuan were translated from languages such as Mongolian or Persian into Chinese, while the new empire translated its claim to power into other languages. Second, it is a metaphor alluding to the political concept of translatio imperii, known from Western Eurasian history and comparable to the Chinese 'dynastic cycle' narrative: fundamentally the idea of cultural mobility, with knowledge and power moving from empire to empire. How did the Yuan-Ming transition work as a translatio imperii in both senses of the word and what can we conclude from it regarding the nature of the early Ming?

Magister Artium - MA / This study used a multisemiotic/multimodal discourse analysis approach to analyze tattoos of selected female students at three Western Cape Universities: the University of the Western Cape (UWC), the University of Cape Town (UCT), and Stellenbosch University (SUN). This study looked at the popular cultural practice of tattooing as a site for identity formation. The aim of this research project was to establish how popular culture is semiotized and resemiotized on corporeal landscapes. The focus was on the kind of semiotics that female students draw on when getting their tattoos, and also where they put these tattoos. The researcher intended to investigate the semiotics of female bodies within the broader field of linguistic landscaping, with a specific look at corporeal linguistic landscapes (Peck & Stroud, 2015). This research was also interested in establishing whether the historical background of each university has an influence on the student population, and subsequently, the tattoos they choose to inscribe on their bodies. This study sought to answer whether there are similarities and/or differences in the tattoos the participants chose across the different campuses and to what effect the social context affects the type of tattoos they chose. All participants were selected via purposive sampling. This means that only those with visible tattoos were approached, as they met the criteria described above (cf. Patton, 1990; Kumar, 1999). Methodologically, interviews as well as text data collection were used to collect the data. In addition, a multimodal text analysis was used as the tattoos were read as texts. Among others, the findings indicated that female participants negotiate their femininity by acquiring traditionally feminine tattoo designs, relatively small in size, which are typically placed where they can be concealed easily. This in contrast with male tattoo designs which tend to be bigger and more visible. It was found that there was preference for solitary texts designs across the three campuses followed by a combination of text and image. In terms of agency, it was found that participants were agentive by being able to control who read and how others read their bodies. The study concludes that women are mindful of their female identity when they choose the designs, sizes and placements of their tattoos. It was found that they typically defy social norms through getting tattoos, but at the same time adhere to social (and feminine) norms by using small tattoos emplaced in hidden body spaces. This means there is a restriction on who is allowed to consume the tattoos. This study adds to a deeper understanding of tattooing as popular culture at universities in post-apartheid South Africa. It also contributes to recent development in corporeal linguistic landscapes studies. In turn, it offers a profound understanding of the concept of ‘skinscapes,’ which allows for a deeper understanding of how female bodies are ‘authored’ by the tattooee as well as how they are ‘read’ and consumed by onlookers.

Este trabalho desenvolve, analisa e valida uma sequência didática para o ensino de Probabilidade no Ensino Médio. As atividades foram aplicadas em uma turma de vinte e cinco alunos do Ensino Médio noturno de uma escola da rede pública estadual. Estas atividades possibilitaram a exploração de conceitos de Probabilidade, nas quais os alunos foram convidados a questionar, conjecturar e criar respostas ou explicações para os problemas propostos. Utiliza-se como referencial teórico, os cenários para investigação de Skovsmose e a resolução de problemas fundamentada em Polya e Pozo. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi o Estudo de Caso. A descrição das atividades foi divida em três etapas, nas quais são apresentadas o planejamento, objetivos, expectativas, descrição das aulas, observações do professor e análise. Realiza-se também a classificação das atividades, momento em que observa-se que estas ocorreram em diferentes Ambientes de Aprendizagem, gerando interesse e participação dos alunos, possibilitando discussões sobre conceitos de probabilidade e permitindo o confronto entre estes conceitos e a intuição dos alunos. Destaca-se também a importância da postura do professor no desenvolvimento das atividades, muito mais como orientador e instigador. O produto desta dissertação é uma sequência didática para o ensino de Probabilidade no Ensino Médio, elaborada e testada, e que pode ser utilizada por outros professores. Este produto encontra-se no apêndice A. / This work develops, analyzes and validates a didactical sequence for the teaching of probability in High School. The activities were applied in a twenty-five students class of a nightshift High School from a state public school. These activities enabled the exploration probability concepts, in which the students were invited to question, conjecture and create answers or explanations for the proposed problems. The Landscapes of Investigation of Skovsmose and the resolution of problems grounded in Polya and Pozo are used as theorical referential. The research methodology used is the study of case. The description of the activities is divided in three steps, in which are presented the planning, goals, expectations, description of the classes, teacher’s observations and analysis. The classification of activities is also conducted, when we observe that these activities happened in different Milieu of Learning, generating students’ interest and participation, making the discussion about probability concepts possible and allowing the confrontation between these concepts and the students’ intuition. The importance of the teacher’s attitude in the development of the activities, more like advisor and instigator, is highlighted. The product of this dissertation is a didactical sequence for the teaching of probability in High School, elaborated and tested, that can be used by other teachers. This product is located on appendix A.

A presente pesquisa consiste em uma reflexão sobre os trabalhos realizados entre os anos de 2012 a 2014. A produção parte da observação de uma presença na paisagem urbana marcada pela resistência de pequenas vegetações, consideradas ervas daninhas, que insistem em sobreviver. Utilizando a articulação entre fotografia e desenho, procuro apresentar possíveis vistas da cidade explorando essas micropaisagens e reapresentando-as sob outra perspectiva pelo uso da ampliação e passagem dos meios. Perpassam questões referentes ao trânsito entre as linguagens e o caráter ficcional atribuído às imagens ao produzir um deslocamento do referente pelo deslocamento do meio. São ressaltadas, ao final, mudanças e embates vivenciados ao longo do processo de instauração dos trabalhos e desenvolvimento da pesquisa, questões ainda em suspensão, e possíveis reverberações a partir da realização deste estudo. / The research in question consists in a reflection about the works made between 2012 and 2014. The production starts from the observation of a presence in the urban landscape, characterized by little vegetations resistances, considered weeds, that insist in survive. Using an articulation between photography and draw, I intent to present possible city’s views, exploiting these micro-landscapes and resubmitting them under other perspective by the use of amplification and passage between medias. It brings questions about the traffic between languages and the fictional character devoted to images when producing a displacement of the referral by the environment displacement. At the end, the changes and handling lived along the work’s instauration process, research’s development and possible reverberations from this study are highlighted, questions still in suspension.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-05-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:30:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000851964.pdf: 1312054 bytes, checksum: 6ab2821ce3b046bbbd11abc30329b215 (MD5) / A partir da década de 1950, a população mundial cresceu rapidamente, atingindo hoje mais de 7 bilhões de habitantes, gerando assim o aumento do processo de urbanização. Para atender a demanda de bens de consumo duráveis e não duráveis da atual população, a economia agropecuária expandiu e, consequentemente ampliou suas fronteiras. Com isso, áreas destinadas à cultura agrícola e pastagem ocuparam espaços em que, anteriormente eram ocupados por matas ciliares e florestas nativas; ocasionando a redução ou inexistência da vegetação que circunda as redes de drenagem e fragmentação das florestas. Nesse contexto, a análise do uso e ocupação do solo de Lençóis Paulista, através da utilização de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas e imagens do satélite Landsat, se torna necessária pois as principais empresas geradoras de emprego do município dependem diretamente da matéria- prima rural, como cana de açúcar e eucalipto, presentes em cerca de 80% do território do município. / Since the decade of 1950, the world population has dramatically increased, reaching nowadays around 7 billion people, which has caused an increase in the urbanization process. In order to supply the people's demand for durable and non-durable goods, there was an expansion in the agriculture economy, which has as a consequence the expansion of its frontiers. Areas for agricultural activities and pasture have used lands which had been previously characterized by riparian and native forests, resulting in the reduction or even inexistence of vegetation around the drainage network and forest fragmentation. In this context, the analysis of the use and occupation of the land of LençóisPaulista, by means of the use of Geographical Information Systems and images generated by Landsat satellites, is necessary, since the main companies employing people in the city directly depend on rural goods, such as sugar cane and eucalyptus, cultures present in approximately 80% of the city's territory.