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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Validity and reliability of four language mapping paradigms

Wilson, Stephen M., Bautista, Alexa, Yen, Melodie, Lauderdale, Stefanie, Eriksson, Dana K. January 2017 (has links)
Language areas of the brain can be mapped in individual participants with functional MRI. We investigated the validity and reliability of four language mapping paradigms that may be appropriate for individuals with acquired aphasia: sentence completion, picture naming, naturalistic comprehension, and narrative comprehension. Five neurologically normal older adults were scanned on each of the four paradigms on four separate occasions. Validity was assessed in terms of whether activation patterns reflected the known typical organization of language regions, that is, lateralization to the left hemisphere, and involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left middle and/or superior temporal gyri. Reliability (test-retest reproducibility) was quantified in terms of the Dice coefficient of similarity, which measures overlap of activations across time points. We explored the impact of different absolute and relative voxelwise thresholds, a range of cluster size cutoffs, and limitation of analyses to a priori potential language regions. We found that the narrative comprehension and sentence completion paradigms offered the best balance of validity and reliability. However, even with optimal combinations of analysis parameters, there were many scans on which known features of typical language organization were not demonstrated, and test-retest reproducibility was only moderate for realistic parameter choices. These limitations in terms of validity and reliability may constitute significant limitations for many clinical or research applications that depend on identifying language regions in individual participants. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
2

Påverkan på tal- och språkproduktion vid transkraniell magnetstimulering, TMS, hos personer med hjärntumör / Effects on Speech and Language Production when Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, TMS, in Patients with Brain Tumour

Lindblad, Carolina, Löfström, Karin January 2017 (has links)
När en individ drabbas av hjärntumör kan det vara aktuellt med intervention i form av neurokirurgisk resektion. I de fall där neurokirurgisk intervention krävs görs om möjligt en preoperativ kartläggning av individens språk i syfte att identifiera känsliga språkområden i kortikala strukturer. I dagsläget används nTMS, navigerad transkraniell magnetstimulering, som genom att temporärt slå ut funktionen i specifika kortikala områden är en användbar metod för nämnda syfte. Patienten får då benämna bilder föreställande substantiv samtidigt som fokala delar i hjärnan stimuleras enskilt med magnetstimulering. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka huruvida benämningsförmågan av substantiv förändrades vid nTMS hos personer med hjärntumör och på vilket sätt, samt om tumörlokalisation påverkade deltagarnas benämning vid nTMS-undersökning. Samtliga deltagare i studien var patienter med hjärntumör som tidigare undersökts med nTMS på en neurofysiologisk klinik vid ett sjukhus i sydöstra Sverige. Undersökningarna filmades och har sedermera utgjort materialet till datainsamlingen i föreliggande studie. Analys gjordes på grupp- och populationsnivå, där grupperna skapades utifrån deltagarnas tumörlokalisationer. Resultatet visar att benämningsförmågan förändras då ett antal olika språkliga fenomen uppkom vid preoperativ testning med nTMS. De fem vanligaste fenomenen på populationsnivå var tvekljud, latens, inskottsljud, uteblivet svar samt oprecis artikulation. Vid jämförelse på gruppnivå framkom att ingen signifikant skillnad föreligger avseende tumörlokalisation. Resultatet kan tyda på att språkets neurofysiologi består av samarbetande komplexa nätverk. Resultatet kan också styrka teorier om tumörinducerad plasticitet. / When an individual is diagnosed with a brain tumour, intervention by neurosurgery might be needed. In case of neurosurgery, a preoperative assessment of the individual’s language functions is carried out, if possible, in order to identify sensitive language areas in cortical structures. Today, nTMS, navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation, is being used, which temporarily shuts down functions in specific cortical areas and thus is a useful method to fulfill this aim. The patient is asked to name a series of pictures representing nouns while focal parts of the brain is stimulated with magnetic stimulation. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the naming ability of nouns changed during nTMS in individuals with brain tumour and in what way, as well as whether the location of the tumour affected the participants naming abilities during nTMS. All participants in the present study were patients with brain tumour, previously examined with nTMS in a neurophysiological clinic at a hospital in the South East of Sweden. The examinations were video recorded and have subsequently formed the material for data analysis in the present study. Analysis was made on group and population level. The groups were created based on the participants tumour localisation. The result shows that the naming ability changes as a number of language related phenomenon aroused in the preoperative examination using nTMS. The five most common phenomena on population level were hesitation sound, latency, sound interjection, no response and inaccurate articulation. Comparison on group level revealed no significant difference regarding tumour location. The result might indicate that the neurophysiology of language consists of collaborating complex networks. The result can also support theories regarding tumour induced plasticity.
3

Substantiv- och verbbenämning vid repetitiv navigerad transkraniell magnetstimulering (rnTMS) i kombination med språklig testning : En pilotstudie för kartläggning av språkliga områden i hjärnan / Object and Action Naming during Repetitive Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rnTMS) in Combination with Language Tests : A pilot study for mapping of language-related areas in the brain

Mattsson, Matilda, Rior, Jessika January 2020 (has links)
Repetitiv navigerad transkraniell magnetstimulering (rnTMS) används preoperativt för att kartlägga kortikala, språkligt relevanta områden i hjärnan. I nuläget används substantivbenämning vid rnTMS, men det råder delade uppfattningar i aktuell forskning huruvida substantiv- eller verbbenämning är känsligast för stimulering och därför krävs mer forskning inom området. I föreliggande studie kompletterades substantivbenämningen med verbbenämning. Alla deltagare genomgick även preoperativ språklig testning och en av deltagarna genomgick också postoperativ språklig testning. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att jämföra skillnader vid expressiv språklig förmåga vid substantiv- och verbbenämning och att kartlägga språkliga funktioners utbredning i hjärnan, samt att identifiera ytterligare kliniska markörer för bestående språkliga svårigheter efter hjärnkirurgi. Studien syftade även till att undersöka huruvida det preoperativa rnTMS-resultatet överensstämmer med det postoperativa kirurgiresultatet. Studien hade fem deltagare, varav tre med hjärntumör och två med epilepsi, som skulle genomgå vaken hjärnkirurgi. Deltagarnas rnTMS- undersökning videoinspelades och deras språkliga testning ljudinspelades. Analyser genomfördes på individ- och gruppnivå. Resultaten visade att stimulering under verbbenämning inte orsakade signifikant fler felsvar än stimulering vid substantivbenämning, även om felsvaren vid verbbenämning var procentuellt fler. Däremot resulterade de två ordklasserna i olika felsvarslokalisationer hos samtliga deltagare. De tre vanligaste typerna av felsvar på gruppnivå var ändring av grammatisk ändelse, tvekljud samt byte till synonym och de vanligaste felsvarslokalisationena var gyrus frontalis medius, gyrus frontalis inferior och gyrus precentralis. Gällande den språkliga testningen fick deltagarna väldigt spridda resultat. Sammanfattningsvis verkar benämning av substantiv och verb komplettera varandra och båda ordklasserna bör användas vid rnTMS om metoden fortsätter att användas. Även patienternas högre språkliga förmåga (HLL) bör testas inför hjärnkirurgi. Avslutningsvis indikerar resultaten på att språkets placering i hjärnan är både mycket utbredd och väldigt individuell. / Repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rnTMS) is used preoperatively to map cortical areas in the brain that are important for language. Object naming is currently being used during rnTMS, but current research has differing opinions on whether naming of objects or actions are most sensitive to stimulation. Therefore, further research is needed in the field. In this study, object naming was combined with action naming. All of the participants also underwent language tests preoperatively and one of the participants underwent postoperative language tests as well. The aim of the present study was to compare differences in expressive language during object and action naming as well as to map the distribution of language functions in the brain. A further aim was to identify clinical markers of language difficulties following brain surgery and to investigate whether the preoperative rnTMS result corresponds with the postoperative brain surgery result. The present study had five participants, three with a brain tumor and two with epilepsy, who would undergo awake brain surgery. The rnTMS examination was video recorded and the language tests were audio recorded. All the examinations were analyzed at individual and group level. The results showed that stimulation during action naming did not cause significantly more errors than during object naming, although the errors for action naming were percentually higher. Errors during action naming and object naming for all participants had different localisations. The most common type of errors were change of grammatical ending, hesitations and change to synonym. The most common localisations of errors were gyrus frontalis medius, gyrus frontalis inferior and gyrus precentralis. The results of the language tests demonstrated a large variation. In conclusion, object and action naming seems to complement each other and should be used together during rnTMS if the method continues to be used. It is also important that High-Level Language (HLL) is tested before brain surgery. Lastly, the results indicate that the placements of language functions in the brain are both very widespread and very individual.

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