Diploma thesis on the topic Journalism on the internet covers using language resources, especially in lexical and syntactical plane, in electronic newspapers. It keeps to the analysis of electronic newspapers Neviditelnypes.zpravy.cz, Novinky.cz, Ihned.cz a Politikon.cz in period from May to October 2006. This diploma thesis is not divided into theoretical and practical parts, but the practical part is following immediately after the theoretical part. This makes the thesis well-arranged and more comprehensible. Self-division of thesis is using chapters. A general characterization of individual electronic newspapers, reportage and commentary characterization, as a part of journalism, are listed in an introduction. Substantial part of the thesis is created by chapters, where concrete examples of language resources applications in the internet journalism are analyzed. (Collocations, indirect denominations, buzzwords, expressive phrases etc.) Examples of some commentaries of individual electronic newspapers are listed as appendices.

Orientador: Regiani Aparecida dos Santos Zacarias / Resumo: A presente pesquisa pretende elaborar e propor caminhos para a melhoria do ambiente escolar no acolhimento aos alunos surdos. O objetivo desse trabalho é maximizar o impacto da prática de Libras na sala inclusiva, preocupando-se não apenas com a adaptação do surdo ao ambiente do ouvinte, mas também do ouvinte, ao ambiente do surdo. Esta prática pode beneficiar a todos. Para tanto, temos como objetivo também desenvolver o produto resultante desta dissertação sendo um jogo de tabuleiro organizado com material físico oferecendo a interação entre crianças surdas e ouvintes para colaborar com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Libras na fase de alfabetização. O estudo contempla uma proposta inclusiva para alunos surdos e ouvintes na mesma sala de aula. Enfatizamos a importância e necessidade da oferta do ensino de Libras para as crianças surdas e ouvintes em fase de alfabetização com o intuito de alcançar resultados que contribuam para a educação inclusiva e o desenvolvimento linguístico, cognitivo e social no contexto de inclusão. A proposta é oportunizar o desenvolvimento linguístico de alunos surdos baseados na aquisição da Língua Brasileira de Sinais como primeira língua e da Língua Portuguesa como segunda língua na modalidade escrita para o letramento da criança surda, bem como preconizar a importância da aquisição da Libras como segunda língua para alunos ouvintes inseridos no contexto de inclusão. Neste sentido, o letramento em Libras é proposta de maneira vinculada ao ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research intends to elaborate and propose ways to improve the school environment in welcoming deaf students. The proposal is to promote the linguistic development of deaf students based on the acquisition of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) as L1 and the Portuguese Language as L2 in the written modality for deaf child literacy, as well as to advocate the importance of the acquisition of pounds as L2. for hearing students inserted in the context of inclusion. We emphasize the importance and necessity of offering Libras education for children in literacy phase in order to achieve results that can contribute to the linguistic, cognitive and social development of deaf and hearing children in the context of inclusion. This proposal aims to maximize the impact of inclusive practice in the classroom, focusing not only on the adaptation of the deaf to the listener's environment, but also to the listener to the deaf environment. This practice will benefit everyone. The study contemplates a bilingual proposal in the literacy phase for deaf and hearing students in the same classroom. In this sense, Brazilian sign language literacy is proposed in a manner linked to the Portuguese language literacy content proposed by the National Common Curriculum Base (BNCC). The expectation is to promote inclusive education effectively so that deaf and hearing students have opportunities to develop their linguistic potential and interactions necessary to the pedagogical content of the various ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Under de senaste decennierna har translanguaging fått mycket intresse inom SLA-sfären (SecondLanguage Learning). Samtida migration och den ständigt ökandeglobaliseringen har lett till en omvärdering av tvåspråkighet och flerspråkighet. Medan forskningavsett de lätt observerbara metoderna hos lärare och studenter har fått mycket uppmärksamhet, har det material som valts av lärare inte. Således är målet med denna studie att undersöka omoch hur translanguaging-metoder främjas inom ett urval av vanliga engelska läroböcker. För att uppnå detta använde studien innehållsanalys för att identifiera möjliga översättningsmetoder inom läroböckernas uppgifter. Resultaten av studien visar att översättningsmetoder kunde identifieras i alla utvalda läroböcker. Den vanligast identifierade transspråkliga uppgiften var översättning, både när det gäller översättning av ord samt meningar och fraser. Det analyserade materialet indikerade dock en trend att användningen av svenska som undervisningsspråk helt enkelt var ett pragmatiskt verktyg som användes för att kompensera för elevernas bristande språkkunskaper. Detta gjorde det svårt att bedöma om identifierade uppgifter faktiskt kunde karakteriseras som pedagogiskt translanguaging material (PTM). För framtida forskning skulle nästa logiska steg vara att observera om de identifierade typerna oftasks faktiskt leder till translanguaging praxis i klassrummet samt genomföra forskning om mer varierat klassrumsmaterial.

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Diplomová práce se zabývá pohledem dětského vypravěče na andský svět. Tato perspektiva je analyzována na základě románů dvou peruánských spisovatelů: Hluboké řeky od José Maríi Arguedase a Kronika ze San Gabriel od Julia Ramóna Ribeyra. Práce je rozdělená na teoretickou a analytickou část. Teoretická část pojednává o indigenistickém literárním proudu, životě autorů a románu formování. Analýza uvedených děl je rozdělena do tří částí: tematický, kompoziční a jazykový plán. Tematický plán reflektuje konfrontaci dvou světů (andský a západní) a motivy, které romány sdílejí. V kompozičním plánu jsou rozebrány veškeré náležitosti související s kompozicí děl a navíc výsledek dosaženého vývoje ústředních protagonistů. Jazykový plán se zaměřuje na postavu vypravěče a rozbor využitých jazykových prostředků. V závěru je vyhodnocený rozdílný pohled hrdinů na andský svět. Klíčová slova: andský svět, západní svět, motiv, kompozice, vývoj, vypravěč, jazykové prostředky My thesis deals with a child narrator's point of view at the Andean universe. This perspective is analysed on the basis of novels by two Peruvian writers: Deep River by José María Arguedas and Chronicles from San Gabriel by Julio Ramón Ribeyro. The diploma work is divided into theoretical and analytical part. The theoretical part talks about...

The thesis The use of language in modern internet journalism in comparison with print focuses on use of language in texts on the Internet and in print media. The texts which were selected for exploration are movie reviews. The theoretical part describes the terms used in the work (film review, internet journalism, etc.). It also tries to clarify the issue of Internet publishing and the differences between online publishing and printed media. It then briefly describes the history of the Internet and its establishment as a counterpart to the printed media. It also deals with the description of the media from which the texts were sourced. The practical part presents the results of the analysis. The work compares the differences in texts published on the Internet and in printed media, as well as the advantages of online publishing - with all the potential of hypertext. The concluding part of the work evaluates whether the researched articles are different and how.

The aim of this work is analyzed using qualitative analysis, complemented by case study method of communication selected politicians. Within the specified period, were selected speakers (Milos Zeman and Bohuslav Sobotka) and selected specific dialogues. Due to the absence of publicly available transcripts of interviews was conducted without using literal transcription techniques detailed evaluation. Was described the context of the time, including the characteristics of the speakers. The theoretical part was further characterized the program Questions of Vaclav Moravec including his discourse. There were explaining the difference between discussion and debate in relation to issues of Vaclav Moravec. The methods used were placed in the context of qualitative research and explained their validity. Communication methods are described by way of comparison argumentative testimony and linguistic resources between the two speakers. They describe the kinds of good, but also erroneous arguments. A communication strategy was explained in terms of humor, opinions and attitudes, using parasitic words, expressive and abusive terms, slips of the tongue, foreign and technical terms, syntax errors.

As building transcribed speech corpora for under–resourced languages plays a pivotal role in developing automatic speech recognition (ASR) technologies for such languages, a key step in developing these technologies is the effective collection of ASR data, consisting of transcribed audio and associated meta data. The problem is that no suitable tool currently exists for effectively collecting ASR data for such languages. The specific context and requirements for effectively collecting ASR data for underresourced languages, render all currently known solutions unsuitable for such a task. Such requirements include portability, Internet independence and an open–source code–base. This work documents the development of such a tool, called Woefzela, from the determination of the requirements necessary for effective data collection in this context, to the verification and validation of its functionality. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of using smartphones without any Internet connectivity for ASR data collection for under–resourced languages. It introduces a semireal– time quality control philosophy which increases the amount of usable ASR data collected from speakers. Woefzela was developed for the Android Operating System, and is freely available for use on Android smartphones, with its source code also being made available. A total of more than 790 hours of ASR data for the eleven official languages of South Africa have been successfully collected with Woefzela. As part of this study a benchmark for the performance of a new National Centre for Human Language Technology (NCHLT) English corpus was established. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Electrical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

As building transcribed speech corpora for under–resourced languages plays a pivotal role in developing automatic speech recognition (ASR) technologies for such languages, a key step in developing these technologies is the effective collection of ASR data, consisting of transcribed audio and associated meta data. The problem is that no suitable tool currently exists for effectively collecting ASR data for such languages. The specific context and requirements for effectively collecting ASR data for underresourced languages, render all currently known solutions unsuitable for such a task. Such requirements include portability, Internet independence and an open–source code–base. This work documents the development of such a tool, called Woefzela, from the determination of the requirements necessary for effective data collection in this context, to the verification and validation of its functionality. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of using smartphones without any Internet connectivity for ASR data collection for under–resourced languages. It introduces a semireal– time quality control philosophy which increases the amount of usable ASR data collected from speakers. Woefzela was developed for the Android Operating System, and is freely available for use on Android smartphones, with its source code also being made available. A total of more than 790 hours of ASR data for the eleven official languages of South Africa have been successfully collected with Woefzela. As part of this study a benchmark for the performance of a new National Centre for Human Language Technology (NCHLT) English corpus was established. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Electrical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Les tables du Lexique-Grammaire, dont le développement a été initié par Gross (1975), constituent un lexique syntaxique très riche pour le français. Elles couvrent diverses catégories lexicales telles que les verbes, les noms, les adjectifs et les adverbes. Cette base de données linguistiques n'est cependant pas directement exploitable informatiquement car elle est incomplète et manque de cohérence. Chaque table regroupe un certain nombre d'entrées jugées similaires car elles acceptent des propriétés communes. Ces propriétés ont pour particularité de ne pas être codées dans les tables même mais uniquement décrites dans la littérature. Pour rendre ces tables exploitables, il faut expliciter les propriétés intervenant dans chacune d'entre elles. De plus, un grand nombre de ces propriétés doivent être renommées dans un souci de cohérence. Notre objectif est d'adapter les tables pour les rendre utilisables dans diverses applications de Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL), notamment l'analyse syntaxique. Nous expliquons les problèmes rencontrés et les méthodes adoptées pour permettre leur intégration dans un analyseur syntaxique. Nous proposons LGExtract, un outil générique pour générer un lexique syntaxique pour le TAL à partir des tables du Lexique-Grammaire. Il est relié à une table globale dans laquelle nous avons ajouté les propriétés manquantes et un unique script d'extraction incluant toutes les opérations liées à chaque propriété devant être effectuées pour toutes les tables. Nous présentons également LGLex, le nouveau lexique syntaxique généré des verbes, des noms prédicatifs, des expressions figées et des adverbes. Ensuite, nous montrons comment nous avons converti les verbes et les noms prédicatifs de ce lexique au format Alexina, qui est celui du lexique Lefff (Lexique des Formes Fléchies du Français) (Sagot, 2010), un lexique morphologique et syntaxique à large couverture et librement disponible pour le français. Ceci permet son intégration dans l'analyseur syntaxique FRMG (French MetaGrammar) (Thomasset et de La Clergerie, 2005), un analyseur profond à large couverture pour le français, basé sur les grammaires d'arbres adjoints (TAG), reposant habituellement sur le Lefff. Cette étape de conversion consiste à extraire l'information syntaxique codée dans les tables du Lexique-Grammaire. Nous présentons les fondements linguistiques de ce processus de conversion et le lexique obtenu. Nous évaluons l'analyseur syntaxique FRMG sur le corpus de référence de la campagne d'évaluation d'analyseurs du français Passage (Produire des Annotations Syntaxiques à Grande Échelle) (Hamon et al., 2008), en comparant sa version basée sur le Lefff avec notre version reposant sur les tables du Lexique-Grammaire converties / Lexicon-Grammar tables, whose development was initiated by Gross (1975), are a very rich syntactic lexicon for the French language. They cover various lexical categories such as verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs. This linguistic database is nevertheless not directly usable by computer programs, as it is incomplete and lacks consistency. Tables are defined on the basis of features which are not explicitly recorded in the lexicon. These features are only described in literature. To use these tables, we must make explicit the essential features appearing in each one of them. In addition, many features must be renamed for consistency sake. Our aim is to adapt the tables, so as to make them usable in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, in particular parsing.We describe the problems we encountered and the approaches we followed to enable their integration into a parser. We propose LGExtract, a generic tool for generating a syntactic lexicon for NLP from the Lexicon-Grammar tables. It relies on a global table in which we added the missing features and on a single extraction script including all operations related to each property to be performed for all tables. We also present LGLex, the new generated lexicon of French verbs, predicative nouns, frozen expressions and adverbs.Then, we describe how we converted the verbs and predicatives nouns of this lexicon into the Alexina framework, that is the one of the Lefff lexicon (Lexique des Formes Fléchies du Français) (Sagot, 2010), a freely available and large-coverage morphological and syntactic lexicon for French. This enables its integration in the FRMG parser (French MetaGrammar) (Thomasset et de La Clergerie, 2005), a large-coverage deep parser for French, based on Tree-Adjoining Grammars (TAG), that usually relies on the Lefff. This conversion step consists in extracting the syntactic information encoded in Lexicon-Grammar tables. We describe the linguistic basis of this conversion process, and the resulting lexicon. We evaluate the FRMG parser on the reference corpus of the evaluation campaign for French parsersPassage (Produire des Annotations Syntaxiques à Grande Échelle) (Hamon et al., 2008), by comparing its Lefff-based version to our version relying on the converted Lexicon-Grammar tables