Tracing semantic change in various translations of The Bible.

PhD (Xitsonga) / Ehansi ka Senthara ya M. E. R. Mathivha ya Tindzimi ta Afrika, Vutshila na Ndhavuko / Ndzavisiso lowu wu wela ehansi ka dyondzo ya swa vuhundzuluxi leyi nga tlhelaka yi vuriwaka leswaku i xiyenge xa swa ririmi ni ndhavuko. Ndzavisiso lowu wu boxa no kanela mitlhontlho leyi ku hlanganiwaka na yona eka vuhundzuluxi lebyi khumbaka Xichangana eZimbabwe. Ndzavisiso lowu wu xopaxopa mitlhontlho leyi eka swiyimo swo hambanahambana swa xilingwistiki leswi katsaka mipfumawulo ya marito, swivumbeko swa marito, vulongoloxamarito na tinhlamuselo ta wona. Ndzavisiso lowu wu tlhela wu xopaxopa mitlhontlho ya vuhundzuluxi leyi khumbaka swa ndhavuko. Eka swa ndhavuko ku langutiwa swivuriso, swivulavulelo, switekatekisani/mitshayilo, swivongo na swithopo. Ndzavisiso lowu wu wela eka xivumbeko xa nhlawulo naswona ku tirhisiwa tindlela to hlengeleta mahungu ta nhlokohliso wa swivutiso ni ntlhatlho wa vundzeni. Tithiyori leti tirhisiweke i ta xilingwistiki ni ya matirhiselo leti khumbaka timhaka ta mindhavuko. Nsusumeto wo endla ndzavisiso wa muxaka lowu wu kongomisa eka Xichangana xa Zimbabwe i ku vona leswaku matsalwa manyingi ya hundzuluxeriwa eka tindzimi leti hluvukeke khale ta Xixona na Xindhevele, kasi tindzimi to fana na Xichangana na tin’wana leti a ti vuriwa ta vavulavuri va nhlayo yintsongo ti karhi ti honisiwa. Ndzavisiso lowu wu kumile leswaku ku na mitlhontlho ya swa ririmi leyi ku hlanganiwaka na yona eka swiyimo swa fonoloji, mofoloji, vulongoloxamarito na semantiki loko ku hundzuluxiwa switsariwa exikarhi ka Xichangana na Xinghezi. Xivangelonkulu xa mhaka leyi i ku hambana ka swivumbeko swa vuvulavuri bya tindzimi, ngopfungopfu eka mofoloji ni vulongoloxamarito. Ndzavisiso lowu wu kumile nakambe leswaku mitlhontlho yin’wana yi tisiwa hi timhaka ta matsalelo laha vahundzuluxi va tirhisaka matsalelo yo hambana ya Xichangana. Hi tlhelo ra swa ndhavuko, ndzavisiso lowu wu kumile leswaku ku na mitlhontlho loko swi fika eka ku hundzuluxela swivuriso, swivulavulelo, switekatekisani/mitshayilo, swivongo n swithopo. Eka xiyenge lexi ku kumekile leswaku ku na marito ya ndhavuko lama nga hundzuluxekiki ku ya eka Xinghezi. Leswi swi vangiwa hi ku hambana ka mindhavuko exikarhi ka Xichangana na Xinghezi.

While translation can be studied with a view to throwing light on a number of aspects in life, in this thesis translation has been researched with a view to outlining the development of written Zulu from its earliest stages, using twelve texts of the Book of Matthew. The Book of Matthew has been chosen in this undertaking because it was the first book of the Bible to be translated into Zulu and was thought to be the most apposite instrument with which the development of written Zulu could be measured. The polysystem theory and the descriptive approach to translation studies are the theoretical models that inform the arguments presented in this study. Polysystem theory sees translated literature as a system operating in the larger social, literary and historical systems of the target culture, while with the descriptive approach translations are regarded as facts of the target culture. Against this premise the focus of this study is mainly on the twelve translations of the Book of Matthew and no comparisons between source and target texts are undertaken here. Corpus-based research provided tools such as WordSmith Tools 3.0 for linguistic analysis. Biblical texts were obtained, scanned and presented in electronic format ready to be analysed. From the findings drawn, written Zulu developed all the way through Bible translation, with some translations revealing slight developments and others showing enormous ones. As the findings of this study reveal, Zulu developed gradually, as evidenced by the change to conjunctive writing which occurred over a considerable period, along with the appropriate representation of Zulu speech sounds and grammar conventions. It could also be established at what point during the development of the language, processes such as consonantalisation and palatalisation were introduced into the written language. It is also clear that words of Greek and Hebrew origin were brought into the Zulu language through Bible translation. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that it is feasible to use corpus-based research for analysis in the indigenous languages of South Africa. / Linguistics / D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)

M.Ed. (Educational Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Translation. 1995 / This project examines folktales that were translated from English to Zulu. The translation was meant for Zulu mother-tongue children in primary schools. The aim of the study is to compare and analyze the style of the source text and target text with regard to accessibility to the audience. The research makes use of Hewson and Martin's Variational Approach. This approach has been modified to include certain concepts within Descriptive Translation Studies such as adequacy and acceptability. Leech and Short's model for text analysis together with the researcher's suggestions are also included in the Variational Approach so that it is applicable to this project. / AC2017

While translation can be studied with a view to throwing light on a number of aspects in life, in this thesis translation has been researched with a view to outlining the development of written Zulu from its earliest stages, using twelve texts of the Book of Matthew. The Book of Matthew has been chosen in this undertaking because it was the first book of the Bible to be translated into Zulu and was thought to be the most apposite instrument with which the development of written Zulu could be measured. The polysystem theory and the descriptive approach to translation studies are the theoretical models that inform the arguments presented in this study. Polysystem theory sees translated literature as a system operating in the larger social, literary and historical systems of the target culture, while with the descriptive approach translations are regarded as facts of the target culture. Against this premise the focus of this study is mainly on the twelve translations of the Book of Matthew and no comparisons between source and target texts are undertaken here. Corpus-based research provided tools such as WordSmith Tools 3.0 for linguistic analysis. Biblical texts were obtained, scanned and presented in electronic format ready to be analysed. From the findings drawn, written Zulu developed all the way through Bible translation, with some translations revealing slight developments and others showing enormous ones. As the findings of this study reveal, Zulu developed gradually, as evidenced by the change to conjunctive writing which occurred over a considerable period, along with the appropriate representation of Zulu speech sounds and grammar conventions. It could also be established at what point during the development of the language, processes such as consonantalisation and palatalisation were introduced into the written language. It is also clear that words of Greek and Hebrew origin were brought into the Zulu language through Bible translation. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that it is feasible to use corpus-based research for analysis in the indigenous languages of South Africa. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)

M.Ed. (Educational Psychology) / South Africa can be metaphorically described as a quilt – a combination of diverse languages, ethnicities, beliefs and cultural practices, carefully stitched together and passed on from one generation to the next. South African children grow and develop surrounded by the comfort and warmth of this colourful quilt. Although this provides a rich and dynamic learning environment, we face the challenge of providing equal quality education and educational psychological services to all our children. Psychological testing aids with the deeper understanding of an individual’s area of development and strengths in order to be able to make informed decisions about appropriate interventions, support and recommendations. However, due to South Africa’s problematic political past, psychological testing is faced with challenges of its own such as unavailability of tests that are culturally sensitive. This study forms part of a longitudinal study which is addressing this challenge by implementing a localized solution to a local problem, at an affordable cost. The Junior South African Intelligence Scale (JSAIS) is an instrument which measures the intelligence of 3- to 7-year-old children, and is currently standardised for Afrikaans and English-speaking children only. In an effort to eliminate the language barrier and make it more applicable of our South African population, the JSAIS GIQ-8 was translated into Sesotho and isiZulu. In previous studies, the translated tests were administered and a Rasch measure of analysis used to determine the quality of the items in relation to the ability of the participants. This exploratory qualitative study focuses on acquiring recommendations from a panel of people experienced in administering the JSAIS with the aim to improve the quality of the Sesotho JSAIS. Findings show that the Sesotho used in the initial translation is a pure form of Sesotho and participants are concerned that children living in townships around the country may not understand this well. The participants recommend administration to a wider sample group to learn more about the Sesotho dialects used in different regions of South Africa. A Sesotho manual needs to be added to guide administrators in regional word use and in providing standard instructions. The answer sheets needs to be adapted. Some of the pictures on the picture cards need to be changed and the Sesotho questions on those picture cards added as appendices...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:01:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Keli Simoes Xavier.pdf: 826077 bytes, checksum: b5d9809149b6a24c9d0827fe920814dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-05 / Este trabalho discute o intérprete de Libras na escola inclusiva apontando os limites e possibilidades desse novo protagonista do sistema educacional. Tem como objetivo entender como se dá a inserção do intérprete no contexto escolar, priorizando os anos finais do ensino fundamental. Apresenta, de forma pontual, o percurso histórico da política educacional inclusiva, traçando paralelos com a história da educação de surdos. Consecutivamente, expõe os dispositivos legais que inserem o intérprete de Libras na educação e situa a problemática que emerge com a entrada desse profissional no contexto escolar. Sem perder de vista a concepção de linguagem defendida por Bakhtin, traz a tona estudos que versam sobre a interpretação e particularmente a interpretação de língua de sinais. Pesquisas de autores como Ronice Muller de Quadros, Regina Maria de Souza, Mauren Elisabeth Medeiros Vieira, Vanessa Martins, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de Lacerda, Patrícia Tuxi, Karla Patrícia Ramos da Costa , entre outros, são apresentados compondo assim a revisão de literatura, sobre o intérprete de Libras na educação. Ao fazer considerações sobre a interpretação nos processos de ensino aprendizagem do aluno surdo, essa dissertação traz alguns autores, entre eles destacamos Lev Semenovich Vigotski, Angel Pino Sirgado, Maria Cecília R. Góes. A opção metodológica adotada é a do Estudo de Caso do tipo etnográfico, que tem como lócus uma escola da rede municipal de ensino de Vitória que, na realidade do estado do Espírito Santo, é pioneira na proposta de se ter intérpretes educacionais atuando com alunos surdos em sala de aula regular. Por meio de observações sistematizadas e entrevistas, são apresentados e analisados dados que explanam sobre a política bilíngue municipal e esclarecem a atuação do intérprete de Libras junto à equipe bilíngue e corpo docente da escola pesquisada. As relações de poder também surgem como dado nessa pesquisa e são analisadas a partir da figuração estabelecidos outsiders de Elias e Scotson. Como resultado desse estudo, chegou-se a algumas assertivas, das quais foram destacadas três para o encerramento desse trabalho. A primeira delas diz respeito à necessidade de se repensar a formação do intérprete que atua no campo educacional; a segunda versa sobre as condições de trabalho, pouco favoráveis, que o intérprete vem encontrando no ambiente escolar; e a terceira refere-se à maneira como a equipe bilíngue é inserida e vista no ambiente escolar, uma vez que tal fato interfere diretamente na maneira como o interprete se relaciona com o ambiente escolar. O estudo indica a necessidade de se ampliar a discussão sobre as especificidades do trabalho de interpretação no espaço educacional / This paper discusses the interpreter of Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) in the inclusive school pointing out the limits and possibilities of this new protagonist of the educational system. This study aims to understand how the interpreter is inserted in the school context focusing on the final years of primary school. It is also presented the historical trajectory of the inclusive educational policy, presenting parallels with the history of the education of deaf people. Consecutively, this paper exposes the legal devices that establish the interpreter of Libras in education and it also places the problem that emerges with the introduction of this professional in the school context. Having in mind the conception of language advocated by Bakhtin it is also considered studies that deal with the rendering, mainly the interpretation of sign language. Studies conducted by authors like Ronice Muller de Quadros, Regina Maria de Souza, Mauren Elisabeth Medeiros Vieira, Vanessa Vanessa Regina de Oliveira Martins, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de Lacerda, Patrícia Tuxi, Karla Patrícia Ramos da Costa, among others, are presented as been part of the literature review about the interpreter of Libras in education. The present study brings some authors, for instance Lev Semenovich Vigotski, Angel Pino Sirgado, Maria Cecília R. Góes, when the rendering in the process of teaching and learning of deaf students is considered. The methodology adopted is the ethnographic case study, which has a public municipal school from Vitória as its locus. In the State of Espírito Santo, this school is considered to be a pioneer in the proposal of having educational interpreters working with deaf students in a regular classroom. Through systematic observations and interviews it is presented the data that not only explain the municipal bilingual policy but also clarify the role of the interpreter of Libras in the bilingual staff as well as part of the teacher s department in the school studied. The relationships of power also emerge in this study as data analyzed from the aspect established-outsiders by Elias and Scotson. As a result of this study, it was to some assertions, of which three were outstanding for the closure of this work. The first, concerns the need to rethink the formation of the interpreter who works in the educational field, the second is about the working conditions, unfavorable, that the interpreter has found in the school environment, and the third refers to the way bilingual staff is inserted and order in the school environment, since this fact directly affects the way we interpret it relates to the school environment. This paper indicates the importance of increasing the discussion on the specificities of the work of the interpreters in the educational environment

Orientador: Maria José Rodrigues Faria Coracini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T05:49:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jalabert_AdelineMarie_M.pdf: 693645 bytes, checksum: 2bfca3c4ab3f575b1f3c54f1c26de6ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: No romance Zazie dans le métro (1959), Raymond Queneau explora a linguagem coloquial, valendo-se da língua que chamou de neo-francês. O autor faz um verdadeiro "exercício de estilo" oral popular, em que mistura registros e faz paródias, imprimindo ao romance, além de um ritmo rápido, redundâncias, ortografia fonética, ausência de concordâncias gramaticais, arcaísmos etc. em franca oposição aos preconceitos em relação à língua oral. O oulipiano questiona a língua, provocando o leitor e obrigando-o a se distanciar da linguagem a que está habituado. Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre a violência observada tanto no texto dito 'original' de Queneau, quanto na tradução e, em particular, na passagem do neo-francês à língua portuguesa do Brasil. Se a própria escrita de Zazie na língua original (o neo-francês) já é um exercício, da tradução espera-se um trabalho que podemos chamar de "trabalho dobrado". Para tanto, admite-se a violência na tradução, o que permite levantar várias questões relativas à língua, à cultura, à identidade, à dicotomia entre língua oral e língua escrita, entre obra original e obra traduzida, além de questionar os limites e as proibições, a criação literária, o trabalho do tradutor, as normas acadêmicas, o desafio da escrita e favorece a divulgação de obras literárias importantes / Abstract: In the novel Zazie dans le métro (1959), Raymond Queneau explores colloquial language, making use of what he called neo-French. The author makes a real popular and oral "exercise in style", mixing registers and parodies, making the novel fast paced and using redundancy, phonetic spelling, grammatically incorrect expressions, archaisms etc. in clear opposition to the prejudices about oral language. The oulipian questions language and culture provoking the reader and forcing him to distance himself from the language he is accustomed to. This work proposes a reflection on violence observed both in Queneau's 'original' text and in its translations, particularly between neo-French and Brazilian Portuguese. If the actual writing of Zazie in the original language (neo-French) was already an exercise, in translation, a kind of "double work" is expected. Admitting violence in translation allows us to raise several issues relating to language, culture, identity, the dichotomy between oral and written language, and between original work and translated work, to limits and prohibitions, literary creation, the work of the translator, academic standards, the challenge of writing and dissemination of important literary works / Mestrado / Teoria, Pratica e Ensino da Tradução / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada