The aim of this study was to compare two ovariectomy techniques (conventional vs laparoscopic) in bitches planning determine which procedure offers the lowest hemodynamic changes, painful stimuli, stress and inflammatory changes in trans and post-operative period. For the experiment were used 17 young mongrel bitches (12,58 ± 4,29 months), weighting 10.16 ± 0,69kg. Animals were placed into two groups according to the technique applied. In the first group (eight animals), ovariectomy (OV) was done by retro-umbilical celiotomy (GC) and in the second group (nine animals), by laparoscopy two-portal access (GV). For the assessment of analgesia were measured hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic arterial pressure, medium arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, central venous pressure and cardiac output), and used three pain scales as follows: visual analogue (VAS), the University of Melbourne and the scale consists of Glasgow. To evaluate the stress and inflammatory changes were evaluated different parameters (C-reactive protein, cortisol, protein electrophoresis and acetylcholinesterase determination). In both procedures (GV and GC) there were no trans or post-operative complications. This study found that two-portal laparoscopic ovariectomy provides smaller and shorter pain stimuli that conventional ovariectomy when considering the following times and pain scales (two hours after surgery in Melbourne and the scale of 12 and 24 hours postoperative VAS), as well as in assessing the methods used to analyze the inflammatory response and stress, laparoscopic technique provided a lower elevation and a more rapid decline in the levels of C-reactive protein, mainly from six up to 72 hours after surgery, that the conventional technique. / O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar duas técnicas de ovariectomia (convencional vs laparoscópica) em cadelas, buscando determinar qual procedimento oferece menores alterações hemodinâmicas, estímulos dolorosos, estresse e alterações inflamatórias nos períodos trans e pós-operatório. Para o experimento foram utilizadas 17 cadelas jovens (12,58 ± 4,29 meses), sem raça definida, com peso médio de 10,16 ± 0,69kg. Os animais foram alocados em dois grupos, de acordo com a técnica operatória aplicada. No primeiro grupo (oito animais), a ovariectomia (OV) foi efetuada por celiotomia retro-umbilical (GC) e, no segundo grupo (nove animais), pela técnica de videolaparoscopia por dois portais (GV). Para a avaliação hemodinâmica foram aferidos parâmetros FC, , PAS, PAM, PAD, pressão venosa central e débito cardíaco e, para a avaliação álgica, foram empregadas três escalas de dor: visual analógica (EVA), da universidade de Melbourne, e a composta de Glasgow. Para avaliação do estresse e das alterações inflamatórias, foram avaliados diferentes parâmetros: cortisol, proteína C reativa, eletroforese de proteínas e acetilcolinesterase. Em ambos procedimentos (GV e GC) não ocorreram complicações trans ou pós-operatórias. Concluiu-se que a técnica de ovariectomia videolaparoscópica por dois portais propiciou estímulo álgico de menores magnitude e duração que a ovariectomia convencional ao se considerar os seguintes tempos e escalas de dor (duas horas de pós-operatório na escala de Melbourne e nas 12 e 24 horas de pós-operatório na EVA). Ademais, a técnica videolaparoscópica propiciou menor elevação e declínio mais rápido nos níveis séricos de proteína C reativa, sobretudo a partir de seis até 72 horas de pós-operatório, em relação à técnica convencional.

Au cours des dernières décennies, la chirurgie mini invasive a progressivement gagné en popularité face à la chirurgie ouverte, grâce à de meilleurs bénéfices cliniques. Cependant, ce type d'intervention introduit une perte de vision directe sur la scène pour le chirurgien. L'introduction de la réalité augmentée en chirurgie mini invasive semble être une solution viable afin de remédier à ce problème et a donc été activement considérée par la recherche. Néanmoins, augmenter correctement une scène laparoscopique reste difficile à cause de la non-rigidité des tissus et organes abdominaux. En conséquence, la littérature ne fournit pas d'approche satisfaisante à la réalité augmentée en laparoscopie, car de telles méthodes manquent de précision ou requièrent un équipement supplémentaire, contraignant et onéreux. Dans ce contexte, nous présentons un nouveau paradigme à la réalité augmentée en chirurgie laparoscopique. Se reposant uniquement sur l'équipement standard d'une salle opératoire hybride, notre approche peut fournir la relation statique entre l'endoscope et un scan intraopératoire 3D. De nombreuses expériences sur un motif radio-opaque montrent quantitativement que nos augmentations sont exactes à moins d'un millimètre près. Des tests sur des données in vivo consolident la démonstration du potentiel clinique de notre approche dans plusieurs cas chirurgicaux réalistes. / Over the past decades, minimally invasive surgery has progressively become more popular than open surgery thanks to greater clinical benefits. However, this kind of intervention introduced a loss of direct vision upon the scene for the surgeon. Introducing augmented reality to minimally invasive surgery appears to be a viable solution to alleviate this drawback and has thus been an attractive topic for the research community. Yet, correctly augmenting a laparoscopic scene remains challenging, due to the non-rigidity of abdominal tissues and organs. Therefore, the literature does not report a satisfactory approach to laparoscopic augmented reality, as such methods lack accuracy or require expensive and impractical additional equipment. In light of this, we present a novel paradigm to augmented reality in abdominal minimally invasive surgery. Based only on standard hybrid operating room equipment, our approach can provide the static relationship between the endoscope and an intraoperative 3D scan. Extensive experiments on a radio-opaque pattern quantitatively show that the accuracy of our augmentations is less than one millimeter. Tests on in vivo data further demonstrates the clinical potential of our approach in several realistic surgical cases.

Der chronische Unterbauchschmerz stellt den behandelnden Arzt vor erhebliche differentialdiagnostische Probleme. Die vorgestellte Studie soll den Wert der Laparoskopie im diagnostischen Konzept aufzeigen. Dazu führten wir zwischen Oktober 1993 und Juni 1998 bei 100 Patienten mit der klinischen Diagnose «chronischer Unterbauchschmerz» eine Laparoskopie durch. Bei 14 Patienten ließ sich ein morphologisches Korrelat unabhängig von der Appendix finden. 86 Patienten wurden appendektomiert, wobei die histologische Untersuchung des Präparats in 82 Fällen (95,3%) einen pathologischen Befund aufwies. 80 Patienten (93%) blieben auch während der Nachuntersuchungen beschwerdefrei. Die Laparoskopie stellt ein sicheres Verfahren zur Diagnostik und Behandlung chronischer Unterbauchschmerzen dar. Bei fehlendem Korrelat für die Beschwerden sollte in gleicher Sitzung die laparoskopische Appendektomie durchgeführt werden. / The differential diagnosis chronic lower abdominal pain can be problematic, and this symptom may lead to several diagnostic procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of laparoscopy in the diagnostic concept. From October 1993 to June 1998 we performed 100 laparoscopies in patients with chronic or recurrent lower abdominal pain. In 14 patients we found a substrate for the reported pain, which was independent of the appendix. In 86 patients we performed an appendectomy. In 62 of the specimens (95.3%) the histological study showed pathological findings. 80 patients (93%) reported no further complaints during follow-up. Laparoscopy is a safe procedure for diagnostics and treatment of patients with chronic lower abdominal pain. If no other explanation for the symptoms is found, laparoscopic appendectomy should be performed. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Bakgrund: PONV står för postoperative nausea and vomiting och är ett vanligt problem som drabbar cirka 25–30% av patienterna som genomgår ett kirurgiskt ingrepp under generell anestesi. Vid PONV är det vanligt med både illamående och kräkningar, vilket leder till obehag hos patienten som lider av dessa symtom. Vårdtiden kan bli upp till dubbelt så lång på den postoperativa avdelningen för de patienter som lider av PONV med samtida smärta postoperativt jämfört med de som inte gör det. Syfte: Att beskriva vilka icke-farmakologiska åtgärder som sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av för att lindra PONV i samband med laparoskopisk kirurgi och i vilken utsträckning de lindrar. Metod: Forskningsdesignen som användes var en beskrivande litteraturöversikt inkluderande 11 vetenskapliga randomiserade kontrollerade studier publicerade år 2009–2019. Resultat: De icke-farmakologiska åtgärder som identifierades var akupressur, elektrisk stimulering, preoperativ dryck och musik. Akupressur, elektrisk stimulering och musik visade sig överlag ha en signifikant antiemetisk effekt främst under den tidiga postoperativa perioden hos patienter som genomgått laparoskopisk kirurgi, medan effekten av preoperativ dryck inte kunde klargöras. Slutsats: Akupressur, elektrisk stimulering och musik som icke-farmakologiska åtgärder mot PONV kan lindra och minska lidandet för patienten under det första postoperativa dygnet efter laparoskopisk kirurgi. Effekten av preoperativ dryck på PONV kan inte helt klargöras då inkluderade studier gav två varierande utfall. Sammanfattningsvis är musik och elektrisk stimulering kostnadseffektiva åtgärder som till viss del praktiskt kan tillämpas för att lindra PONV efter laparoskopisk kirurgi, där musik dessutom kan främja delaktigheten i vården för patienten och minska beroendet av sjuksköterskan. Nyckelord: Postoperativt illamående och kräkning, icke-farmakologiska åtgärder, sjuksköterska, laparoskopi. / Background: PONV stands for postoperative nausea and vomiting and is a common problem affecting about 25-30% of patients undergoing a surgical procedure under general anesthesia. At PONV, both nausea and vomiting are common, leading to discomfort in the patient suffering from these symptoms. The duration of care can be up to twice as long in the postoperative ward for patients suffering from PONV with contemporary pain post-operatively, compared to those who do not. Purpose: To describe what non-pharmacological interventions the nurse can use to relieve PONV in connection with laparoscopic surgery and to what extent they relieve. Method: The researchdesign used was a descriptive literature review including 11 scientific randomized control trials published in 2009–2019. Results: The non-pharmacological interventions identified were acupressure, electrical stimulation, preoperative drinking and music. Acupressure, electrical stimulation and music were generally found to have a significant antiemetic effect, especially during the early postoperative period, in patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery. The effect of preoperative drink could not be clarified. Conclusion: Acupressure, electrical stimulation, and music as non-pharmacological interventions against PONV can relieve and reduce the patient's suffering during the first postoperative day after laparoscopic surgery. The effect of preoperative drinking on PONV cannot be fully elucidated as included studies yielded two different outcomes. In summary, music and electrical stimulation are cost-effective interventions that can, to some extent, be practically applied to relieve PONV after laparoscopic surgery, in which music can further promote participation in patient care and reduce dependence on the nurse. Keywords: Postoperative nausea and vomiting, non-pharmacological interventions, nurse, laparoscopic

No description available.

No description available.

Background and objectives: TISSIUM light-activated adhesive was investigated as an alternative to tissue-penetrating products to fix meshes in intraperitoneal laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. The objective of this study was to ensure efficient polymer light activation through commercial meshes and to assess the acute and chronic fixation strength of the light-activated adhesive in a porcine model in comparison to commercial fixation products. Methods: A spectroscopic analysis was conducted on the light-activated adhesive through three different meshes (1, 2, and 3) to quantify the acrylate conversion associated with the level of polymer cross-linking. Two setups were implemented: a static (light source fixed over a drop of polymer) and a dynamic (light source rotated around a pattern of polymer to mimic the surgical procedure). Hernia defects were created in porcine models and repaired either using the light-activated adhesive or a commercial product (A, B, C, and D) to fix a mesh. For each tested condition, the acute and chronic (3 months) fixation strength performances were assessed using burst ball and t-peel mechanical tests. Results: The light activation proved to be effective (more than 90% of the acrylates converted) in static in 7 seconds through the three meshes and in dynamic between 3 min and 5 min 32 sdepending on the considered mesh. In a burst ball test, the light-activated adhesive reached between 42 and 84% of the commercial products’ acute performance with the three meshes (between 75,9 and 95,9 N) and reached 88% of the commercial product A’s chronic performance with mesh 1 (610,1 N). A t-peel test demonstrated similar strength of ingrowth for the repairs using the light-activated adhesive or the commercial product A at the 3-month timepoint with mesh 1 (2,55 and 2,37 N/cm respectively). Conclusions: Data suggest the light-activated adhesive has the potential to be used in intraperitoneal laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. In a reasonable time, the adhesive is efficiently light-activated through commercial meshes. The light-activated adhesive’s performances to fix commercial meshes, both acute and chronic, are similar to commercial products, but with a strong advantage of not being tissue penetrating.

Introduction: During laparoscopic surgery, surgeons may experience prolonged periods without fluid intake, which might impact surgical performance, yet there are no objective data investigating this issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of prolonged dehydration on laparoscopic surgical performance and tissue handling. - Methods: A total of 51 laparoscopic novices participated in a single-center, open-label, prospective randomized cross-over trial. All participants were trained to proficiency using a standardized laparoscopic training curriculum. Afterward, all participants performed four different laparoscopic tasks twice, once after 6 h without liquid intake (dehydrated group) and once without any restrictions (control group). Primary endpoints were tissue handling defined by force exertion, task time, and error rate. The real hydration status was assessed by biological parameters, like heart rate, blood pressure, and blood gas analysis. - Results: 51 laparoscopic novices finished the curriculum and completed the tasks under both hydrated and dehydrated conditions. There were no significant differences in mean non-zero and peak force between the groups. However, dehydrated participants showed significantly slower task times in the Peg transfer task (hydrated: 139.2 s vs. dehydrated: 147.9 s, p = 0.034) and more errors regarding the precision in the laparoscopic suture and knot task (hydrated: 15.7% accuracy rate vs. dehydrated: 41.2% accuracy rate, p < 0.001). - Conclusion: Prolonged periods of dehydration do not appear to have a substantial effect on the fundamental tissue handling skills in terms of force exertion among surgical novices. Nevertheless, the observed impact on speed and precision warrants attention.

Esse estudo teve como objetivos identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem presentes em pacientes em pós-operatório imediato de colecistectomia, submetidos à anestesia geral com base na Taxonomia II da North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA) e no Modelo Conceitual de Horta; analisar os diagnósticos de enfermagem presentes nesses pacientes em relação aos fatores relacionados, características definidoras e fatores de risco e em relação ao seu estabelecimento e resolução no pós-operatório imediato; dentre os pacientes estudados que apresentaram o Diagnóstico de Enfermagem de Dor aguda, identificar as manifestações de dor apresentadas no pós-operatório imediato e compará-las com as características definidoras apresentadas pela NANDA e por outras literaturas. Para a etapa de coleta de dados, foi elaborado e validado um instrumento de coleta de dados com base no Modelo Conceitual de Wanda Horta. Foram avaliados 15 pacientes adultos no período pós-operatório imediato de colecistectomia laparoscópica, durante o período de setembro de 2004 a janeiro de 2005, no Centro de Recuperação Pós-anestésica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Para o estabelecimento dos diagnósticos de enfermagem, utilizou-se um modelo de processo raciocínio diagnóstico, sendo esses nomeados de acordo com a Taxonomia II da NANDA. Foram identificados nove diferentes diagnósticos de enfermagem: Integridade tissular prejudicada (100%), Risco para infecção (100%), Percepção sensorial perturbada (100%), Risco para aspiração (100%), Risco para função respiratória alterada (80%), Hipotermia (60%), Risco para temperatura corporal desequilibrada (40%), Nutrição desequilibrada: mais do que as necessidades corporais (33,3%) e Dor aguda (26,7%). Para cada diagnóstico foram identificados e discutidos os fatores relacionados e características definidoras. Os pacientes que manifestaram o diagnóstico de enfermagem de Dor aguda apresentaram as seguintes características definidoras: relato verbal, evidência observada, expressão facial e comportamento de defesa. Observamos que todas essas manifestações são características definidoras apresentadas pela NANDA (2002) para esse diagnóstico. Em relação ao seu estabelecimento e resolução no pós-operatório imediato, os diagnósticos de enfermagem Risco para aspiração, Percepção sensorial perturbada e Hipotermia foram resolvidos em 50 minutos após a sua identificação. Para os diagnósticos de Risco para função respiratória alterada, Risco para temperatura corporal desequilibrada e Dor aguda, o tempo médio de resolução foi de 63,7, 77,5 e 36 minutos, respectivamente. Destacamos que os diagnósticos de Integridade tissular prejudicada, Risco para infecção e Nutrição desequilibrada: mais do que as necessidades corporais estiveram presentes desde a admissão do paciente no Centro de recuperação pós-anestésica até o momento da alta do paciente. / This study aimed to identify what nursing diagnoses are present in patients who had been submitted to general anesthesia during the immediate post-operative period after cholecystectomy, based on North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA) Taxonomy II and on Horta?s Conceptual Model; to analyze the nursing diagnoses that were present in these patients in terms of related factors, defining characteristics and risk factors, as well as with respect to their development and solution in the immediate post-operative period; to identify, among those study participants who presented the Nursing Diagnosis of Acute pain, the pain manifestations they presented during the immediate post-operative period and to compare them with the defining characteristics presented by NANDA and other literature sources. With a view to data collection, we elaborated and validated a data collection instrument on the basis of Wanda Horta?s Conceptual Model. 15 adult patients were evaluated in the immediate post-operative period after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, between September 2004 and January 2005, at the Post-Anesthesia Recovery Center of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School Hospital das Clínicas. The nursing diagnoses were established by means of a diagnostic reasoning process model, and were named in accordance with NANDA Taxonomy II. We identified nine different nursing diagnoses: Impaired tissue integrity (100%), Risk for infection (100%), Sensory perception alterations (100%), Risk for aspiration (100%), Risk for altered respiratory function (80%), Hypothermia (60%), Risk for imbalanced body temperature (40%), Altered nutrition: more than body needs (33,3%) and Acute pain (26,7%). For each diagnosis, we identified and discussed the related factors and defining characteristics. Patients with the nursing diagnosis of Acute pain presented the following defining characteristics: verbal report, observed evidence, facial expression and defense behavior. We observe that all of these manifestations are defining characteristics NANDA (2002) presented for this diagnosis. With respect to their development and solution during the immediate post-operative period, the nursing diagnoses Risk for aspiration, Sensorial perception alterations and Hypothermia were solved within 50 minutes after their identification. For the diagnoses Risk for altered respiratory function, Risk for imbalanced body temperature and Acute pain, average solution time was 63.7, 77.5 and 36 minutes, respectively. We highlight that diagnoses of Impaired skin integrity, Risk for infection and Unbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements were present from the patient admission on Post anesthesia Care Unit until the patient?s discharge.

Introdução: No ano de 2007, foram diagnosticados 190 casos de infecção hospitalar por Micobactéria de Crescimento Rápido (MCR) em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias videoassistidas em hospitais da região metropolitana de Vitória/ES. Os pacientes foram acompanhados na unidade de referência do Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antonio de Moraes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM/UFES), onde foi instituído tratamento específico e estabelecida investigação por métodos de imagens, sobretudo Tomografia Computadorizada (TC), para identificação do número, extensão e localização das lesões. Objetivo: Identificar a distribuição e a frequência dos achados de TC em pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e epidemiológico de infecção hospitalar por MCR após cirurgias laparoscópicas. Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo descritivo utilizando os dados de prontuários da unidade de referência do HUCAM/UFES e as imagens das tomografias computadorizadas realizadas. Os exames foram analisados, em consenso, por dois radiologistas, que identificaram, separadamente, o comprometimento de pele/subcutâneo, de planos musculofasciais da parede abdominal e do intraperitoneal. Os padrões de comprometimento tabulados foram: densificações, coleções, nódulos maiores ou iguais a 1,0 cm (nódulos), nódulos menores que 1,0 cm (nódulos pequenos), nódulos com pseudocavitação e nódulos pequenos com pseudocavitação. Resultados: 26 pacientes atendiam aos critérios preestabelecidos. As infecções foram relacionadas a: nove cirurgias bariátricas, uma cirurgia bariátrica com colecistectomia, sete colecistectomias, uma colecistectomia somada à correção de hérnia inguinal com colocação de tela, três cirurgias para correção de refluxo gastroesofágico (CRGE), três laparoscopias diagnósticas, uma salpingectomia e uma apendicectomia.O menor intervalo de tempo entre a cirurgia e o exame de tomografia computadorizada foi de 8 dias, o maior, 351 dias, com média de 112 dias e mediana de 83. Todos os pacientes apresentaram algum achado de imagem no subcutâneo, sendo que seis pacientes tiveram comprometimento exclusivo na pele/subcutâneo, e os demais apresentaram comprometimento concomitante de planos musculofasciais e/ou intraperitoneal. Os achados no subcutâneo foram: densificação (88,4%), nódulo pequeno (61,5%), nódulo pequeno pseudocavitado (23,0%), nódulo (38,4%), nódulo pseudocavitado (15,3%) e coleção (26,9%); os achados nos planos musculofasciais foram: densificação (61,5%), nódulo pseudocavitado (3,8%) e coleção (15,3%); e os achados intraperitoneais foram: densificação (46,1%), nódulo pequeno (42,3%), nódulo (15,3%) e coleção (11,5%). Nenhum dos cinco pacientes que realizaram a biópsia subcutânea anteriormente à TC apresentou nódulo subcutâneo maior do que 1,0 cm; comparativamente, dentre aqueles que realizaram a biópsia após a TC, constatou-se que 10 pacientes (47,6%) apresentaram nódulos subcutâneos. A comparação entre os 16 pacientes com intervalo de tempo entre cirurgia e TC menor do que 3 meses e os 10 pacientes com intervalo maior do que 3 meses demonstrou que: os pacientes com menor intervalo de tempo apresentavam maior porcentagem de densificações no subcutâneo (100%), nos planos musculofasciais (81,2%) e intraperitoneais (70,0%); já no grupo com maior intervalo, as porcentagens foram de 66,6%, 30,0% e 10,0%, respectivamente. Conclusão: os achados tomográficos, em ordem decrescente de frequência, foram: a) no subcutâneo: densificação, nódulo pequeno, nódulo, nódulo pequeno pseudocavitado, nódulo pseudocavitado e coleção; b) nos planos musculofasciais: densificação, coleção e nódulo pseudocavitado; e c) intraperitoneal: densificação, nódulo pequeno, nódulo e coleção / Introduction: In 2007, 190 cases of hospital-acquired infection due to rapidly growing mycobacterial (RGM) were diagnosed in patients undergoing video-assisted surgery in the hospitals of the metropolitan region of Vitória, ES (Brazil). The patients were followed at the referral unit of the University Hospital Cassiano Antonio de Moraes of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (HUCAM), where specific treatment was instituted and research by imaging methods - particularly computed tomography (CT) - was initiated to identify the number, extent, and location of the lesions. Objective: To identify the distribution and frequency of CT findings in patients with clinical and epidemiological diagnosis of hospital-acquired RGM infection after laparoscopic surgery. Method: A descriptive study was conducted using medical records data from the referral unit of the HUCAM and the computed tomography (CT) images. The scans were analyzed by two radiologists, in consensus, who individually identified compromised skin/subcutaneous areas, muscle-fascial planes of the abdominal wall and intraperitoneal regions. The involvement patterns were tabulated as: densification, collections, nodules >= 1.0 cm (nodules), nodules < 1.0 cm (small nodules), pseudocavitated nodules, and small pseudocavitated nodules. Results: Twenty-six patients met the established criteria. The infections were related to 9 bariatric surgeries, 1 bariatric surgery with cholecystectomy, 7 cholecystectomies, 1 cholecystectomy along with inguinal hernia correction with screen placement, 3 surgeries for correction of gastroesophageal reflux, 3 diagnostic laparoscopies, 1 salpingectomy, and 1 appendectomy. The shortest time interval between surgery and CT examination was 8 days and the longest interval was 351 days, with a mean of 112 days and a median of 83 days. All patients presented subcutaneous involvement on the CT image; 6 patients had exclusive impairment in the skin/subcutaneous tissue whereas the others had concomitant impairment in musculo-fascial and/or intraperitoneal planes. The subcutaneous findings were: densification (88.4%), small nodules (61.5%), small pseudocavitated nodules (23.0%), nodules (38.4%), pseudocavitated nodules (15.3%), and collections (26.9%). The findings in the musculo-fascial planes were: densification (61.5%), pseudocavitated nodules (3.8%), and collections (15.3%). The intraperitoneal findings were: densification (46.1%), small nodules (42.3%), nodules (15.3%) and collections (11,5%). None of the 5 patients who underwent biopsy before CT showed subcutaneous nodules larger than 1.0 cm; in contrast, of those who underwent biopsy after CT, 10 patients (47.6%) had subcutaneous nodules. A comparison between the 16 patients with a time interval of less than 3 months between surgery and CT, and the 10 patients with an interval of more than 3 months showed that patients with a shorter time interval had a higher percentage of subcutaneous densification (100%), musculo-fascial plane densification (81.2%), and intraperitoneal densification (70.0%); for those with a longer interval, the percentages were 66.6%, 30.0%, and 10.0%, respectively. Conclusion: the subcutaneous CT findings in descending order of frequency were: densification, small nodules, nodules, small pseudocavitated nodules, pseudocavitated nodules, and collections. The musculo-fascial plane CT findings were: densification, collections, and pseudocavitated nodules. The intraperitoneal CT findings were: densification, small nodule, nodules and collections