A videocirurgia é uma especialidade em crescimento dentro da medicina veterinária, muitos trabalhos descrevem suas vantagens em comparação às técnicas convencionais em diversos procedimentos de rotina e experimentais. A maior parte dos trabalhos publicados está relacionada às cirurgias do sistema reprodutor. Outros sistemas, como o gastrintestinal, ainda são pouco explorados. Os tumores de estômago, apesar de incomuns nos animais domésticos, tem maior incidência na espécie canina. Entre eles, os tumores benignos normalmente são pequenos e delimitados, possuem bom prognóstico e a ressecção cirúrgica é considerada o tratamento de eleição. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo de nódulo gástrico e avaliar sua ressecção por laparoscopia, assistida por endoscopia flexível. Para o estudo, foram utilizados 10 cadáveres de cães com peso entre 15 e 30 kg. O modelo de nódulo gástrico foi realizado em etapa aberta, através da aplicação de látex líquido entre as camadas muscular e submucosa na região próxima ao cárdia, no fundo gástrico. Com o objetivo de testar o acesso laparoscópico para sua ressecção, foram inseridos cinco portais para passagem do instrumental laparoscópico, sendo a ressecção do nódulo promovida pelo uso de grampeador laparoscópico. Nos dez cadáveres foi possível a formação do nódulo gástrico e sua visualização pela mucosa gástrica, via gastroscopia. A exérese dos nódulos com uso de carga única de 45 mm de comprimento apresentou limitações quanto à oclusão e secção do estômago. Nos três primeiros animais, o tecido excedeu o comprimento da carga resultando na incompleta oclusão do estômago, nos demais, a oclusão foi satisfatória, entretanto para completa exérese do fragmento foi necessário o auxílio de tesoura. O estudo possibilitou a partir do desenvolvimento do modelo de nódulo gástrico uma simulação adequada na ressecção laparoscópica de pequenos tumores com uso de dispositivo de sutura mecânica em conjunto com a endoscopia flexível. / The laparoscopic surgery is a growing specialty within veterinary medicine, many papers describe its advantages compared to conventional techniques in various routine and experimental procedures. Most of the published work is related to the surgeries of the reproductive system. Other systems, such as the gastrointestinal, are still poorly explored. Tumors of the stomach, although uncommon in domestic animals, have a higher incidence in the canine species. Among them, benign tumors are usually small and delimited, have good prognosis and surgical resection is considered the treatment of choice. The present study aimed to develop a gastric nodule model and to evaluate its laparoscopic resection, assisted by flexible endoscopy. For the study, 10 cadavers of dogs weighing between 15 and 30 kg were used. The gastric nodule model was performed in the open stage by the application of liquid latex between the muscular and submucosal layers in the region close to the cardia, in the gastric fundus. In order to test the laparoscopic access for its resection, five portals were inserted to pass the laparoscopic instruments, being resection of the node promoted by the use of laparoscopic stapler. In the ten cadavers it was possible to form the gastric node and its visualization through the gastric mucosa, via gastroscopy. Excision of the nodules with a single load of 45 mm in length presented limitations on occlusion and section of the stomach. In the first three animals, the tissue exceeded the length of the load resulting in incomplete occlusion of the stomach, in the others, the occlusion was satisfactory, however for complete exertion of the fragment it was necessary the aid of scissors. The study allowed the development of the gastric nodule model to simulate laparoscopic resection of small tumors using a mechanical suture device in conjunction with flexible endoscopy.

abstract: Minimally invasive surgery is a surgical technique that is known for its reduced patient recovery time. It is a surgical procedure done by using long reached tools and an endoscopic camera to operate on the body though small incisions made near the point of operation while viewing the live camera feed on a nearby display screen. Multiple camera views are used in various industries such as surveillance and professional gaming to allow users a spatial awareness advantage as to what is happening in the 3D space that is presented to them on 2D displays. The concept has not effectively broken into the medical industry yet. This thesis tests a multi-view camera system in which three cameras are inserted into a laparoscopic surgical training box along with two surgical instruments, to determine the system impact on spatial cognition, perceived cognitive workload, and the overall time needed to complete the task, compared to one camera viewing the traditional set up. The task is a non-medical task and is one of five typically used to train surgeons’ motor skills when initially learning minimally invasive surgical procedures. The task is a peg transfer and will be conducted by 30 people who are randomly assigned to one of two conditions; one display and three displays. The results indicated that when three displays were present the overall time initially using them to complete a task was slower; the task was perceived to be completed more easily and with less strain; and participants had a slightly higher performance rate. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Human Systems Engineering 2019

Le pronostic de la carcinose péritonéale (CP) s’est nettement amélioré et son traitement permet aujourd’hui chez certains patients sélectionnés d’atteindre des survies prolongées. L’un des facteurs pronostics majeurs est l’étendue de la CP, évaluée par l’Indice de carcinose péritonéale (PCI). La prise en charge de la CP doit évoluer vers un double objectif : une évaluation précise du caractère chirurgicalement totalement extirpable des lésions (possibilité d’une CCR complète) et une détection la plus précoce possible de la maladie. Or sur ces deux objectifs, nos examens d’imagerie sont régulièrement mis en défaut, et ce n’est souvent qu’on moment de la laparotomie qu’une évaluation précise de la CP est possible.Dans ce projet nous nous sommes intéressés à l’apport potentiel de deux nouvelles technologies dans l’exploration de la CP : l’endoscopie péritonéale souple et la chromoendoscopie virtuelle.Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous présentons notre technique d’exploration péritonéale par monotrocart (SILPE) au cours de laquelle nous réalisons en plus de l’endoscopie rigide, une endoscopie souple. Nous avons montré que cette technique est sûre et faisable. Dans une série de 183 SILPE, cette procédure a pu être réalisée dans 90,2% des cas. Cinq complications post-opératoires ont été observées (3%). La valeur prédictive positive de la SILPE pour prédire une CCR complète était de 79,5%. Le PCI était de 9,7±7,5 lors de la SILPE et de 13,5±9,6 lors de la laparotomie (p<0,0001). Le nombre de régions explorées était 13,0±0,3 en laparotomie et 12,2±1,6 en SILPE (p<0,0001). Le nombre de régions envahies était 6,9±4,5 en laparotomie et 5,4±3,8 en SILPE (p<0,0001). La sensibilité globale de la SILPE dans la détection de la CP dans les différentes régions était de 75%, avec une spécificité de 97%, soit une précision de 85%. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous avons étudié l’apport de la chromoendoscopie virtuelle dans l’exploration de la cavité péritonéale et la détection de la CP.Nous sommes partis de l’hypothèse que le péritoine, comme tout autre organe soumis à un processus métastatique, subit des modifications selon le principe de la niche métastatique, pouvant être détectées par cette technologie. Le FICE est un système de chromoendoscopie virtuelle, qui contient 10 réglages différents permettant d’obtenir 10 images virtuelles, construites à partir d’images ayant des longueurs d’ondes réduites différentes. Nous avons d’abord mené une étude de faisabilité clinique au cours de laquelle des endoscopies péritonéales avec le système FICE étaient réalisées. Grâce à un système d’évaluation par deux questionnaires, nous avons déterminés les trois canaux du FICE adaptés à l’exploration du péritoine (canaux 2, 6 et 9). Pour la luminosité, la LB a été jugée meilleure (p<0,0001). En ce qui concerne la qualité du contraste, l’architecture vasculaire, la différentiation des organes, et la détection des nodules de CP, le canal 2 du FICE était jugé supérieur (p<0,0001). Dans un 2ème travail, nous avons créé un modèle murin de CP naissante. Les souris ont été opérées puis sacrifiées à des dates différentes. L’intervention consistait en une endoscopie péritonéale souple, au cours de laquelle les nodules de CP étaient pris en photo en LB et en FICE. 935 images correspondant à 85 nodules ont été analysées. Nous avons ensuite décomposé chaque image endoscopique en ces trois composantes élémentaires R-G-B. Nous avons par la suite comparé les contrastes obtenues avec ces différentes longueurs d’ondes. Nous avons pu ainsi déterminer la longueur d’onde du spectre de la LB qui donnait le meilleur contraste entre nodule de CP et péritoine avoisinant. Il s’agit de la lumière monochromatique à 460 nm (p<0,0001), avec un contraste moyen à 0,240±0,151. Ces résultats ont fait l’objet d’un dépôt de brevet via InsermTransfert. / The prognosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) has improved and today, its treatment could lead to long-term survivals in some selected patients. One of the major prognosis factors of this condition is the extent of the disease measured in terms of Peritoneal cancer index (PCI). The management of PC has to evolve towards two main goals: first an accurate evaluation of the disease burden in order to recognize the patients amenable to complete cytoreduction (CCR), and second an early detection of the disease. Unfortunately, current imaging methods strongly lack sensitivity in determining small tumor nodules, and it is often only at the time of laparotomy that an accurate evaluation of the PCI is possible.In this work, we have studied the potential role of two new techniques in the evaluation of PC: peritoneal flexible endoscopy and virtual chromoendoscopy.In the first part of the thesis, we present our technique of single incision laparoscopic peritoneal exploration (SILPE), in which we perform a peritoneoscopy with both a rigid endoscope and a flexible endoscope. Through a series a 183 SILPE, we showed that this technique is safe and feasible. The SILPE procedure was successful in 90.2% of the cases. Five postoperative complications were observed (3%). The positive predictive value of SILPE to predict CCR was 79.5%. The PCI was 9.7±7.5 at the time of SILPE, and 13.5±9.6 at the time of laparotomy (p<0.0001). The number of the regions explored by SILPE was 12.2±1.6, and by laparotomy 13.0±0.3 (p<0.0001). The number of affected regions was 5.4±3.8 at the time of SILPE and 6.9±4.5 at the time of laparotomy (p<0.0001). The overall sensitivity of SILPE in the detection of PC in the different regions was 75%, with a specificity of 97%, thus an accuracy rate of 85%. In the second part of this thesis, we have studied the role of virtual chromoendoscopy in the peritoneal exploration and PC detection. We started from the hypothesis that, as any organ subject to a metastatic process, the peritoneum would change according to the theory of the metastatic niche, changes that could be detected by this technology. FICE is a virtual chromoendoscopy system that is merchandised with 10 factory-determined presets, built from different reduced single-wavelength images. We have first carried out a feasibility study in human in which peritoneal endoscopies using the FICE system were performed. Thanks to an evaluation plan based on two questionnaires, we have determined the three FICE channels suitable for peritoneal exploration (channels 2, 6, and 9). For brightness, white light endoscopy was judged superior to all FICE channels (p<0.0001). FICE Channel 2 was superior to white light endoscopy and other FICE channels, in terms of contrast, visualization of vascular architecture, differentiation between organs, and detection of PC (p<0.0001). In a second study, we created a murine model of an incipient PC. Mice had peritoneal explorations with FICE at different times. For each PC nodule detected, one white light endoscopy and 10 FICE images were recorded. 935 images corresponding to 85 nodules were analyzed. Each image was then divided into its elementary red, green and blue band images. Therefore, we compared the contrasts obtained with each wavelength. Thus, we’ve determined the wavelength of the white light specter that provides the highest contrast between PC nodule and background peritoneum. It was the monochromatic light with a wavelength at 460 nm (p<0.0001), with a mean contrast value of 0.240±0.151. A patent via InsermTransfert has been filed.

O deslocamento dorsal à esquerda de cólon maior, com aprisionamento no espaço nefroesplênico, é uma afecção relativamente comum nos equinos, e quando ocorre a recidiva recomenda-se o fechamento desse espaço. Algumas técnicas são descritas na literatura e já aplicadas na rotina clinicocirúrgica. Com o intuito de desenvolver técnica minimamente invasiva e de rápida execução, objetivou-se avaliar a efetividade e as possíveis complicações trans e pós-operatórias de duas técnicas de oclusão do espaço nefroesplênico, através de grampeamento laparoscópico, com e sem a utilização de implante de pericárdio homólogo conservado em glicerina a 98%. Para tanto, foram utilizados 11 equinos hígidos, divididos em dois grupos, sendo seis animais submetidos à fixação do implante de pericárdio por grampos de polidioxanona, recobrindo o espaço nefroesplênico (Grupo 1 - G1) e em cinco animais foi realizada a fixação do baço ao ligamento nefroesplênico com o mesmo tipo de grampos (Grupo 2 - G2). Os procedimentos foram realizados em posição quadrupedal, sob sedação, criando-se três portais no flanco esquerdo. Não houve dificuldade para realização de ambas as técnicas, sendo em média necessários 49,83 minutos (&#177;10,19) para o G1 e 30,20 minutos ((&#177;5,89) para o G2, com diferença significativa para p&lt;0,05. Na avaliação pós-operatória, observou-se elevação da temperatura corpórea acompanhada de leucocitose por neutrofilia no 7º dia no G1, aumento do fibrinogênio plasmático no G1 nos dias 7 e 14 quando comparados com o momento pré-operatório e no dia 7 comparativamente ao G2. Houve aumento das células nucleadas totais no líquido peritoneal no G1 nos dias 1, 3, 7, 14 e 30 quando comparado ao momento pré-operatório e em comparação entre os grupos observou-se aumento no G1 nos dias 1 e 3. O hematócrito e a contagem das hemácias do líquido peritoneal elevaram-se significativamente nos animais do G2 nos dias 1 e 3 do período pós-operatório quando comparado ao G1 e em relação ao momento pré-operatório houve diferença no dia 1 no G1. Ambos os grupos apresentaram parâmetros físicos, valores de hemograma e de líquido peritoneal dentro dos valores de referência na avaliação realizada aos 60 dias do período pós-operatório. A laparoscopia exploratória realizada neste momento, para avaliação da efetividade das técnicas, mostrou a oclusão do espaço nefroesplênico no G1 em todos os animais, não sendo possível visualizar o implante de pericárdio, que se encontrava recoberto por tecido fibroso. Nesse grupo foram observadas sinéquias em dois animais, e em outros dois observou-se aderência de epíplon na região. No Grupo 2, apenas um animal apresentou oclusão parcial do espaço nefroesplênico, e nos outros quatro animais observou-se deiscência completa da fixação. Conclui-se que a técnica de ablação laparoscópica do espaço nefroesplênico, utilizando grampos de polidioxanona, foi efetiva apenas quando associada ao implante de pericárdio homólogo, apesar de causar alterações mais significativas no hemograma, na concentração de fibrinogênio plasmático e contagem de células nucleadas no líquido peritoneal, sugerindo maior reação inflamatória pela presença do implante biológico. / The left displacement of large colon, with nephrosplenic entrapment, is a common disease in horses and in cases of recurrence, the nephrosplenic space ablation aften is recommended. Techniques of nephrosplenic space ablation are reported in the literature and routinely used as a surgical treatment option in horses affected by this condition. In order to develop a simple minimally invasive technique, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and potential complications during surgery and postoperative period of two laparoscopic nephrosplenic space ablation techniques using staples, with or without the association of pericardium homologous implant preserved in 98% glycerin. Therefore, eleven sound horses, divided in two groups, were submitted to a laparoscopic procedure. Six horses were submitted to homologous pericardium implant covering nephrosplenic space (Group 1 G1) and five horses were submitted to a spleen fixation at the nephrosplenic ligament (Group 2 G2). Both techniques used polidioxanone staples. The surgical procedures were performed under sedation in standing position. Three portals were created on the left flank. There was no difficulty to realize the two techniques. It was necessary 49,83 minutes (&#177;10,19) to perform the technique in G1 and 30,20 minutes (&#177;5,89) in G2, with significant difference (p&lt;0,05). In the postoperative period it was observed corporeal temperature elevation and neutrophilic leukocytosis at day 7 in G1, increased plasmatic fibrinogen in G1 at days 7 and 14 compared to the preoperative period and at day 7 comparatively to G2. There was increased total nucleated cells in the peritoneal fluid in G1 at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 compared to preoperative moment and in G1 at days 1 and 3 when compared between groups. The hematocrit and red blood cells count in the peritoneal fluid were significantly increased in G2 at days 1 and 3 when compared to G1, and in G1 at day 1 when compared to the preoperative moment. Both groups presented normal clinical parameters, hemogram and peritoneal fluid analysis at day 60 of the postoperative period. The exploratory laparoscopy performed at this time to evaluate the efficacy of the techniques showed a complete nephrosplenic ablation on the six horses in G1. In this group, it was not possible to differentiate the homologous pericardium implant and the fibrous scar tissue and sinequiae was observed in two horses, and epíplon adhesion in other two. In the Group 2, only one horse presented partial occlusion of the nephrosplenic space and complete dehiscence was observed on the other four. In conclusion, the laparoscopic nephrosplenic space ablation technique performed in this study, using polidioxanone staples, was effective only when associated to the homologous pericardium implant in spite of causing more significant alterations in the hemogram, plasma fibrinogen concentration and nucleated cell count in the peritoneal fluid, suggesting a greater inflammatory reaction due to the presence of the biological implant.

Bibliography: leaves 197-220. / xv, 220 leaves : / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Analyses some general problems of laparoscopy, particularly in relation to induced physiological disturbances; by development and evaluation of new applications in laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery ; and by assessing the efficacy of laparoscopic procedures which have already entered rountine practice. / Thesis (M.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Surgery, 1996?

<p>Det har länge varit känt att patientens perioperativa position kan orsaka symtom som förmodas uppstå genom tryck och sträckningar. Positionen vid laparosko-piska operationer anses öka risken för symtom och därför är perioperativ om-vårdnad av betydelse. Syftet var därför att undersöka hur frekvent positions- relaterade symtom förekommer vid laparoskopiska ingrepp och vilken betydelse de har för patienten. Studien genomfördes som en deskriptiv tvärsnittstudie och datainsamlingen gjordes med hjälp av symtomskattning och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Totalt 60 respondenter i åldern 19 till 75 år deltog i studien som pågick under åtta månader. Resultatet visade att en fjärdedel av respondenterna drab-bades av nytillkomna eller förvärrade symtom. Dessa uppmärksammades postoperativt eller några dagar efter operationen och var oberoende av ingrepp, perioperativ tid eller armarnas position. Några av respondenterna upplevde smärta och domningar i nacke, axlar och händer som ledde till inskränkningar i det dagliga livet och krävde hjälp av närstående. Det är viktigt att fortsätta arbetet med att förebygga positionsrelaterade skador, för att förhindra postoperativa symtom, genom att placera patienten så nära ett neutralläge som möjligt och ge denne möjlighet att känna efter hur det känns före nedsövning.</p> / <p>It has long been assumed that a patient’s perioperative position can cause symp-toms which appear from pressure and strains on the body. The position in lapa-roscopic surgery is considered to increase the risk of symptoms, perioperative care is therefore important. The scope of this study was therefore to survey how frequent symptoms associated with the patient’s position occur and why they are important to the patient. The survey was made as a descriptive cross-section study. The data collection was made by way of patients own estimates of their symptoms and by semistructured interviews. 60 respondents aged between 19 and 75 took part in the study. The result showed that a fourth of the respondents experienced new or aggravated symptoms. These were observed postoperatively or a few days after surgery and were independent of operations, perioperative time or position of the arms. Some of the respondents felt pain and numbness in the neck, shoulders and hands which led to restrictions in their daily life and required help from someone close. It is important to continue working with preventing postoperative symptoms, by placing the patient as close to a neutral position as possible and give her the possibility to feel comfortable before the anesthetization.</p>

<p>The laparoscopic way of performing general surgical procedures was introduced all over the Western world in a few years around 1990. No previous scientific studies of the safety of this new way of performing general surgery had been undertaken.</p><p>In an animal study, it was shown that carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum (CO₂PP) causes an increase in inferior caval vein (ICV) pressure, although there were no effects on the ICV blood flow. There were gradual increases in systemic, pulmonary and ICV vascular resistance, which remained after exsufflation. These effects on vascular resistance could not be reproduced in a second animal study, presumably due to a different form of anesthesia. In this study, there was only indirect evidence of CO₂ PP decreasing urine output. No increase in vasopressin, which is commonly seen during CO₂ PP, was found, indicating that vasopressin may play a role in the decreased urine output during CO₂ PP but that there must be other contributing factors as well. Only brief effects on the renal arterial blood flow were seen.Renal venous pressure increased to that of the ICV.</p><p>A literature review indicated that thromboembolic complications do occur after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The relative frequencies indicated an underreporting of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in relation to pulmonary embolism (PE).</p><p>In a clinical study, activation of the coagulation after LC was demonstrated. There were differences between the groups receiving dextran and low molecular weight heparin as prophylaxis. A further clinical study showed the incidence of DVT, as demonstrated by phlebography, to be 2.0 % (95 % confidence interval 0-6.0 %) 7-11 days after LC, even though thromboembolism prophylaxis was given in shorter courses than those scientifically proven to be effective against DVT. D-dimer values increased at the first postoperative day and even further at the time of phlebography, suggesting that the effects of LC on coagulation and/or fibrinolysis may be of longer duration than previously known.</p>

Laparoscopic liver surgery is complicated due to the structure of this organ with open sinusoids. A serious disadvantage is the risk of gas embolism (GE) due to CO2 pneumoperitoneum. CO2 can enter the vascular system through a wounded vein. A common opinion is that gas fluxes along a pressure gradient, e.g. CVP-intra abdominal pressure (IAP). The occurrence of GE could also be eased by entrainment, a ‘Venturi-like’ effect, due to cyclic differences in thoracic pressure and blood flow caused by mechanical ventilation at normal frequency. The aims of these studies were to survey, in a porcine model, the influence on respiratory and haemodynamic variables by GE, to determine at what frequency, severity and duration GE occurs during laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and whether there are methods to influence the occurrence or severity of GE. Pulmonary and circulatory variables were monitored and measured as well as continuous blood gas monitoring. Transoesophageal echocardiogram was used to identify GE and, according to the amount of bubbles in the right outflow tract of the heart, GE was graded as 0, 1 and 2. Pneumoperitoneum was created by using CO2and IAP was set to 16 mm Hg. A single bolus dose of CO2 influenced respiratory and haemodynamic variables for at least 4 h. During LLR GE occurred in 65-70% of the animals, of which the more serious caused negative influence on cardiopulmonary variables. Elevated PEEP (15 cm H2O) increased CVP but GE occurred irrespective if CVP was lower than or exceeded IAP. In two last studies, a hepatic vein was cut and left open for 3 m before it was clipped. Interestingly, no signs of GE were seen despite an open vein and IAP &gt; CVP in 8 of 20 animals. In the last study high frequency jet ventilation was used in order to minimise the risk of entrainment. The duration of GE was shortened. The occurrence of GE seemed to be influenced by several different factors. The physiological reaction of a GE is impossible to predict for a specific patient, and depends among other factors on comorbidity, and amount, site and entrance rate of GE.

The laparoscopic way of performing general surgical procedures was introduced all over the Western world in a few years around 1990. No previous scientific studies of the safety of this new way of performing general surgery had been undertaken. In an animal study, it was shown that carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum (CO2PP) causes an increase in inferior caval vein (ICV) pressure, although there were no effects on the ICV blood flow. There were gradual increases in systemic, pulmonary and ICV vascular resistance, which remained after exsufflation. These effects on vascular resistance could not be reproduced in a second animal study, presumably due to a different form of anesthesia. In this study, there was only indirect evidence of CO2 PP decreasing urine output. No increase in vasopressin, which is commonly seen during CO2 PP, was found, indicating that vasopressin may play a role in the decreased urine output during CO2 PP but that there must be other contributing factors as well. Only brief effects on the renal arterial blood flow were seen.Renal venous pressure increased to that of the ICV. A literature review indicated that thromboembolic complications do occur after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The relative frequencies indicated an underreporting of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in relation to pulmonary embolism (PE). In a clinical study, activation of the coagulation after LC was demonstrated. There were differences between the groups receiving dextran and low molecular weight heparin as prophylaxis. A further clinical study showed the incidence of DVT, as demonstrated by phlebography, to be 2.0 % (95 % confidence interval 0-6.0 %) 7-11 days after LC, even though thromboembolism prophylaxis was given in shorter courses than those scientifically proven to be effective against DVT. D-dimer values increased at the first postoperative day and even further at the time of phlebography, suggesting that the effects of LC on coagulation and/or fibrinolysis may be of longer duration than previously known.

Det har länge varit känt att patientens perioperativa position kan orsaka symtom som förmodas uppstå genom tryck och sträckningar. Positionen vid laparosko-piska operationer anses öka risken för symtom och därför är perioperativ om-vårdnad av betydelse. Syftet var därför att undersöka hur frekvent positions- relaterade symtom förekommer vid laparoskopiska ingrepp och vilken betydelse de har för patienten. Studien genomfördes som en deskriptiv tvärsnittstudie och datainsamlingen gjordes med hjälp av symtomskattning och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Totalt 60 respondenter i åldern 19 till 75 år deltog i studien som pågick under åtta månader. Resultatet visade att en fjärdedel av respondenterna drab-bades av nytillkomna eller förvärrade symtom. Dessa uppmärksammades postoperativt eller några dagar efter operationen och var oberoende av ingrepp, perioperativ tid eller armarnas position. Några av respondenterna upplevde smärta och domningar i nacke, axlar och händer som ledde till inskränkningar i det dagliga livet och krävde hjälp av närstående. Det är viktigt att fortsätta arbetet med att förebygga positionsrelaterade skador, för att förhindra postoperativa symtom, genom att placera patienten så nära ett neutralläge som möjligt och ge denne möjlighet att känna efter hur det känns före nedsövning. / It has long been assumed that a patient’s perioperative position can cause symp-toms which appear from pressure and strains on the body. The position in lapa-roscopic surgery is considered to increase the risk of symptoms, perioperative care is therefore important. The scope of this study was therefore to survey how frequent symptoms associated with the patient’s position occur and why they are important to the patient. The survey was made as a descriptive cross-section study. The data collection was made by way of patients own estimates of their symptoms and by semistructured interviews. 60 respondents aged between 19 and 75 took part in the study. The result showed that a fourth of the respondents experienced new or aggravated symptoms. These were observed postoperatively or a few days after surgery and were independent of operations, perioperative time or position of the arms. Some of the respondents felt pain and numbness in the neck, shoulders and hands which led to restrictions in their daily life and required help from someone close. It is important to continue working with preventing postoperative symptoms, by placing the patient as close to a neutral position as possible and give her the possibility to feel comfortable before the anesthetization.