Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a prevalent disorder which can lead to voice disorders, but its diagnosis is difficult. Consequently, various tools and methods have been explored for the diagnosis of LPR. A link may exist between vocal characteristics and reflux symptoms which may improve the diagnosis of LPR. This study’s objective was to investigate the associations between reflux symptoms, acoustic-, perceptual-, and physical vocal characteristics, the glottal function index (GFI) and the voice handicap index (VHI), in adults with non-organic voice disorders. A retrospective cohort explorative research design was employed by investigating, analysing and describing the existing database of an ear, nose and throat specialist (ENT) in the form of administrative data sets, case histories, questionnaires, and patient and stroboscopy reports. Data collection took place at an ENT practice at a private hospital in Gauteng, South Africa. The data of 51 individuals with non-organic voice disorder, aged 18 and older, were included in this study. Comparisons were made between the reflux symptom index (RSI), acoustic characteristics (jitter, shimmer and fundamental frequency (fo), maximum phonation time (MPT), perceptual characteristics (grade of hoarseness, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain and instability), physical vocal characteristics, GFI and VHI. Fair correlations were found between RSI and phase closure (rs=0.424; p=0.035), RSI and GFI (rs=0.366; p=0.008), RSI and VHIP (rs=0.302; p=0.035) and between RSI and caffeine intake (rs=0.322); p=0.043). Results indicated that underlying associations exist between reflux symptoms, vocal characteristics, the GFI and the VHI. Used in conjunction, these measurement tools could improve the clinical diagnosis of LPR. The implications of these findings are promising but further research is recommended. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / 2022/12/31 / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / MA (Speech-Language Pathology) / Unrestricted

Rationale: Laryngopharygeal reflux (LPR) is a controversial area of diagnosis and consequently management. Many patients suffering from voice and swallowing disorders may be suffering from LPR but decreased specificity of diagnosis makes management ineffective and impacts on quality of life as well as leading to overdiagnosis of LPR. Aims: (1) To establish the relationship between the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and the Reflux Finding Score (RFS) in participants who have attended the Wits University Donald Gordon Voice and Swallowing clinic. (2) To establish if there is a correlation between the total RFS and RSI scores. (3) To ascertain which test items of the RSI and the RFS are elevated in the participants. (4) To describe trends in RFS and RSI sub scores and (5) to determine if extraneous factors such as age, gender, professional voice use and smoking impact on the subscores of the RFS and RSI and to describe the trends based on these variables Method: A quantitative retrospective chart review of 105 patients who attended the Voice and Swallowing clinic was conducted. Each participant completed a self-rating scale for reflux severity (the RSI) as well as undergoing stroboscopic examination. Stroboscopic results were rated by a multidisciplinary team (2 otolaryngologists, a speech therapist and a voice coach) to ascertain the patient’s Reflux Finding Score (RFS). Inferential and descriptive statistics were employed to achieve the aims. Results: A weak negative significant correlation on totals of the RFS and RSI (r=0,20; p= 0,0395) was established. There were a number of intra-item correlations on the RSI and the RFS. Descriptive statistics revealed that hoarseness, excess mucus and throat clearing were the most frequently rated symptoms on the RSI and erythemia, posterior commisure hyperatrophy and diffuse laryngeal oedema most frequently rated signs on the RFS. Gender was the only variable found to have a significant effect on the total RFS and RSI ratings. Conclusion: There is specificity in the RSI and RFS as diagnostic materials for LPR. However, there may be an incidence of over diagnosis. Factors such as age, smoking, professional voice use and gender must be considered in diagnosis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Mateus Rocha de Andrade.pdf: 788030 bytes, checksum: 15670deb8e47e543cb50ca81b4dce8c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-26 / In Brazil, the teaching profession is considered at high risk for the presence of the voice disorder. Among the different pathological factors responsible for this, laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) has been registered teachers with voice disorders. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the presence of videolaryngoscopic signs suggestive of laryngopharyngeal reflux and voice disorders in teachers looking for care. Method: research, transversal, convenience sample that had as inclusion criteria, be 18 years old, seeking care in a sector of Otorhinolaryngology of a public hospital in São Paulo, in the period from August 2013 to May 2014 (total of 10 months), being a teacher female (once women seek a greater number said Sector) with voice disorders (VD) or LPR. The exclusion criteria were: smoking, and provide respiratory changes. In this sense, the initial sample of 158 teachers and after exclusion of subjects, 121 teachers were included in the final sample. All subjects underwent the following instruments: Vocal Production Condition - Teacher (VPC-T), including the Screening Index for Voice Disorder (SIVD); and Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Sample collection was made speech for assessing voice quality, made by speech therapists through the GRBASI scale. All participants underwent otorhinolaryngologic medical evaluation. Descriptive analysis and analysis of mean differences was performed. The relationship between the independent variables to the variable LPR outcome we used the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 121 teachers, mean age of 43 years and a mean of 7.8 hours / class per day. Only 24.0% (n = 29) of the teachers no lesions on the vocal folds and 42.1% (n = 51) had videolaryngoscopic signs suggestive of LPR. In total, it was found that the symptom of hoarseness SIVD got higher occurrence record. In the group with presence of LPR signals, the most common symptoms were: dry throat, hoarseness and throat clearing; VHI and mean was 17.9. In the group of teachers who did not show signs suggestive of LPR symptoms were hoarseness, failure in voice and vocal fatigue; VHI and mean was 16.4. There was no association between LPR signals and voice disorder. In the multiple binary logistic regression analysis, the independent factors for the LPR were age, presence of vocal slot and VHI score (13-20). Conclusion: The presence of videolaryngoscopic signs suggestive of LPR registered in almost half of the studied teachers was not associated with presence of VD. The relationship was recorded in teachers: older; in presenting the presence of vocal slot; and those who were self-reference vocal handicap VHI score / No Brasil a profissão de professor é considerada de alto risco para a presença do distúrbio de voz. Dentre os diferentes fatores patológicos responsáveis por isso, o refluxo laringofaríngeo (RLF) tem sido registrado em professores com distúrbio de voz. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre a presença de sinais videolaringoscópicos sugestivos de refluxo laringofaríngeo e o distúrbio de voz em professoras que buscam por atendimento. Método: pesquisa, de natureza transversal, com amostra por conveniência que teve como critérios de inclusão, ser maior de 18 anos, procurar atendimento em um Setor de otorrinolaringologia de um hospital público de São Paulo, no período compreendido entre agosto de 2013 a maio de 2014 (total de 10 meses), ser professor do sexo feminino (uma vez que mulheres procuram em maior número o referido Setor), com queixa de distúrbio de voz (DV) ou de RLF. Os fatores de exclusão foram: ser fumante e apresentar alterações respiratórias. Nessa direção, a amostra inicial foi de 158 professoras e após exclusão de sujeitos, 121 professoras compuseram a amostra final. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos aos seguintes instrumentos: Condição de Produção Vocal Professor (CPV-P), incluindo o Índice de Triagem para Distúrbio de Voz (ITDV); e Índice de Desvantagem Vocal (IDV). Foi feita coleta de amostra de fala para avaliação da qualidade vocal, realizada por fonoaudiólogas, por meio a escala GRBASI. Todas as participantes foram submetidos a avaliação médica otorrinolaringológica. Foi realizada a análise descritiva e análise de diferenças de médias. Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis independentes à variável desfecho RLF foi utilizado o teste do Qui-Quadrado, ou teste Exato de Fisher. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 121 professoras, com média de idade de 43 anos, e média de 7,8 horas/aula por dia. Somente 24,0% (n=29) das professoras não apresentaram lesões em pregas vocais (PPVV) e 42,1% (n=51) apresentaram sinais videolaringoscópicos sugestivos de RLF. No total, verificou-se que o sintoma rouquidão do ITDV obteve maior registro de ocorrência. No grupo com presença de sinais de RLF, os sintomas mais relatados foram: garganta seca, rouquidão e pigarro; e média do IDV foi de 17,9. No grupo de professoras que não apresentaram sinais sugestivos de RLF os sintomas foram rouquidão, falha na voz e cansaço ao falar; e média do IDV foi de 16,4. Não houve associação entre sinais de RLF e distúrbio de voz. Na análise de regressão logística binária múltipla, os fatores independentes para o RLF foram idade, presença de fenda em pregas vocais e escore do IDV (13-20). Conclusão: A presença de sinais videolaringoscópicos sugestivos de RLF registrado em quase metade das professoras estudadas não esteve associado a presença de DV. A relação foi registrada nas professoras: mais velhas; nas que apresentavam presença de fenda em pregas vocais; e nas que faziam autorreferência a desvantagem vocal em escore do IDV

Ofri luftväg kan uppstå på grund av bakåtfallen tunga hos den medvetslösa patienten eller om luftvägen blir tilltäppt av sekret, blod, maginnehåll eller främmande kropp. Att kunna säkerställa fri luftväg hos den medvetandesänkta patienten är en kompetens som varje anestesisjuksköterska måste behärska för att kunna säkerställa adekvat ventilation. Syftet med studien var att beskriva om larynxmask (LMA) är en patientsäker metod för att skapa fri luftväg och upprätthålla adekvat ventilation. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 19 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades. Resultatet av de granskade artiklarna gav följande fem teman; LMA är en säker metod för att skapa fri luftväg, LMA är en säker metod för att upprätthålla adekvat ventilation, personalens kompetens vid användning av LMA, aspirationsrisk vid användning av LMA med undertema LMA vid övervikt samt LMA vid elektiva- och akuta situationer. Litteraturstudiens resultat visar att LMA är en säker metod för att skapa fri luftväg och upprätthålla adekvat ventilation. Framtida studier skulle kunna belysa om LMA kan användas vid kirurgi till patienter med ökad aspirationsrisk, till exempel vid sectio och obesitaskirurgi. Studier skulle också kunna fokuseras på patienternas postoperativa upplevelser av att ha haft LMA jämfört med trakeal intubation. / Airway obstruction can in the case of an unconsciousness patient be caused by the tounge that falls back in the throat or by secretion, blood, stomach fluid or foreign body. The knowledge of airway management of the unconsciousness patient is a necessary qualification in every nurse anesthetist. The purpose of this study was to describe if laryngeal mask airway is a safe method to establish a secure airway and adequate ventilation. The study was performed as a literature study in which 19 articles were analysed. During the analyse five themes occurred: LMA is a secure way for airway management, LMA is a secure way to maintain adequate ventilation, the staff competence when using LMA, the risk of aspiration when using LMA with subtheme LMA in overweight and LMA in elective and acute situations. The result of the study shows that LMA is a secure way to establish a safe airway and adequate ventilation. Further studies could study if LMA can be used to elective patients with increased risk of aspiration, for example in cesarean and obesity surgery. Studies could also focuse on the patients´ postoperative experiences between LMA and tracheal intubation.

Introduction The main aim of this study is to present a complex review comprising etiological factors, diagnostic options and therapeutic methods related to globus pharyngeus, a persistent or intermittent sensation of a lump or foreign body in the throat. The second purpose is to investigate the reciprocal relationship between motor control with musculoskeletal system and pressure changes in the esophagus, especially in the upper esophageal sphincter. Methods 37 patients participated in the study. 24 of them suffered globus pharyngeus and 13 were patients with GERD but without the symptoms of globus pharyngeus. Because of the complex physiology of esophageal function and the inability of conventional manometry to fully describe this complexity, we found High-Resolution Manometry as a useful device for accomlishing the referred task. Patients were examined in four different postural situations which had to be modified when the attitude wasn't tolerated. The examination was followed by manual physiotherapy and exercises targeted to influence postural alignment. 10 patients with globus pharyngeus who agreed with a control manometry examination were familiarized with the results as a form of biofeedback. Results On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that a high pressure...