Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, March, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-176)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, March, 2005. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-176)

No description available.

No description available.

No / The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry on intact cell microorganisms, Intact Cell MALDI (ICM), has been shown by numerous workers to yield effective species level identification. Early work highlighted the significant effect that variation in culture media, incubation conditions and length of incubation had on the spectra produced. Therefore, in order to achieve reliable and reproducible species level identification and sub-typing of microorganisms from ICM fingerprints, it has been essential to develop standardised methods. For methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a major nosocomial pathogen, we have developed such a standardised method. In this paper we present the experimental parameters, namely, the incubation period, the number of passages required from lyophilised or stored isolates, the method of deposition of the bacterial cells, the concentration of matrix solution, the drying time of bacterial cells prior to the addition of the matrix solution, the time between preparation of the bacterial/matrix sample and analysis and the MALDI pulsed extraction setting, which were considered during the development of defined methods.

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The incidence of breast cancer became the most common female cancer, and the fourth cause of female cancer death. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) have been combined with multivariate statistics to investigate breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Core needle biopsy and fine needle aspiration (FNA) are techniques largely applied in the diagnosis of breast cancer. In this study, we have established an efficient protocol for detecting breast tissue and FNA samples with MALDI-TOF/MS. With the help of statistical analysis software, we can find the lipid-derived ion signals which can be use to distinguish breast cancer tumor tissues from non-tumor parts. This strategy can differentiate normal and tumor tissue, which is potential to apply in clinical diagnoses. The analysis of breast cancer tissue is challenging as the complexity of the tissue sample. Direct tissue analyses by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) allows us to investigate the molecular structure and their distribution while maintaining the integrity of the tissue and avoiding the loss of signals from extraction steps. Combined MALDI-IMS with statistic software, tissues can be analyzed and classified based on their molecular content which is helpful to distinguish tumor regions from non-tumor regions of breast cancer tissue. Our result shows the differences in the distribution and content of lipids between tumor and non-tumor tissue which can be supplements of current pathological analysis in tumor margins. In this study, MALDI-TOF/MS combined with multivariate statistics were used to rapidly differentiate breast cancer cell lines with different estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. The protocol for efficiently detecting peptides and proteins in breast cancer cells with MALDI-TOF/MS was established, two multivariate statistics including principle component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis were used to process the obtaining MALDI mass spectra of six different breast cancer cell lines and one normal breast cell lines. Based on the difference of the peptide and protein profiles, breast cancer cell lines with same ER and HER-2 status were grouped in nearby region on the PCA score plot. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis also revealed high conformity between breast cancer cell protein profiles and respective hormone receptor types.

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L'identification des micro-organismes reposait jusqu'à présent sur l'étude des caractères culturaux et biochimiques de chaque espèce. Depuis quelques années, la spectrométrie de masse de type Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time Of Flight (MALDI-TOF) s'est développée dans les laboratoires de microbiologie clinique. Cette nouvelle technologie permet de réaliser très rapidement et à moindre coût un diagnostic d'espèce sur des colonies de bactéries ou de champignons isolées sur des milieux de culture solides.Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré que cette technologie permet de réaliser une identification des germes isolés en milieu liquide, comme les flacons d'hémoculture au cours des bactériémies par exemple. Ce dépistage se fait directement à partir du flacon positif, sans attendre l'isolement des colonies sur milieu solide. Ce diagnostic disponible dès le premier jour permet d'adapter l'antibiothérapie au phénotype de résistance habituel de l'espèce.Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons cherché à identifier la nature des biomarqueurs utilisés pour l'identification des espèces bactériennes, en prenant comme exemple la bactérie pathogène Neisseria meningitidis. La comparaison du génome et du protéome des souches entièrement séquencées a permis de mettre en évidence la nature exacte des protéines impliquées dans le diagnostic d'espèce. Par ailleurs, les protéines ribosomales étant majoritaires et pouvant servir d'outil épidémiologique, nous avons constaté que la mise en évidence de leurs variations sur le spectre de masse rend la différenciation de souches au sein d'une même espèce possible, en adaptant la méthode d'analyse. Enfin, nous avons présenté des résultats préliminaires encourageants sur l'exploitation du caractère constant de certaines protéines ribosomales visibles directement sur le spectre de masse, permettant de différencier des espèces très proches, comme Streptococcus pneumoniae et Streptococcus mitis.

Orientador: Marcos Hikari Toyama / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T12:20:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_SimoneCristinaBuzzo_D.pdf: 2257171 bytes, checksum: dafe56777caf52fdf6e83be317bb28f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de glicações sobre a PLA2 secretórias isoladas do veneno das serpentes Crotalus durissus collilineatus e Bothrops jararacussu. A técnica de MALDI-TOF foi usado para comprovar a glicação dos carboidratos nas PLA2: a PLA2 de Cdcolli apresentou glicação a 6 moléculas de D-Glicose e de 5 moléculas de D-Lactose, mas aparentemente não houve glicação com nenhuma molécula de D-Galactose; a BthTX-I apresentou glicação com 5 moléculas de D-Glicose, 1 molécula de D-Galactose e 4 moléculas de D-Lactose; a BthTX-II apresentou ligação a 6 moléculas de D-Glicose, a 1 molécula de D-Galactose e a 4 moléculas de D-Lactose; além disso, a dimerização das PLA2 não ocorreu. A glicação da PLA2 de Cdcolli com D-Glicose e D-Lactose aumentou sua atividade enzimática e mudou seu perfil alostérico, da mesma forma, esses carboidratos aumentaram a ação edematogênica e anularam a atividade citotóxica dessa PLA2. No entanto, D-Lactose e D-Glicose diminuíram o efeito miotóxico e modificaram o perfil de agregação plaquetária da PLA2 de Cdcolli nativa, embora apenas a D-Lactose tenha diminuído significantemente a agregação. A glicação de BthTX-I a D-Glicose e D-Galactose diminuiu sua ação edematogênica, e sua glicação aos carboidratos testados diminuiu seu efeito miotóxico. A glicação de BthTX-II a D-Lactose diminuiu sua atividade enzimática, a ação edematogência foi diminuída pela glicação a todos os carboidratos, enquanto a glicação a D-Glicose e D-Galactose diminuíram seu efeito miotóxico. A fluorescência intrínseca apresenta mudanças na estrutura terciária de BthTX-I e BthTX-II após a glicação e o dicroísmo circular sugere modificação na estrutura secundária da PLA2 de Cdcolli. Além disso, a modelação da PLA2 de Cdcolli apresentou várias regiões da proteína livres onde pode estar ocorrendo a glicação. Esse resultados sugerem que a glicação modifica a estrutura da PLA2, modulando de forma diferente a atividade enzimática e o efeito biológico, possivelmente a mudança estrutural ou mesmo os carboidratos ligados a estrutura da PLA2 estão modificando sua afinidade a receptores de membrana. Adicionalmente, os resultados evidenciam que os sítios responsáveis pelas atividades enzimática e biológica estão em lugares diferentes dentro da estrutura da PLA2 / Abstract: The objective of this work was evaluate the effect of glycations in the secretory PLA2 isolated from Crotalus durissus collilineatus (Cdcolli) and Bothrops jararacussu (BthTX-I, catalytic inative K49 and BthTX-II, catalytic active D49) rattlesnake venom. The MALDI-TOF technic was used to test the glycation in the PLA2: Cdcolli showed glycation to 6 molecules of D-Glucose and 5 molecules of D-Lactose, but no glycation to D-Galactose; the BthTX-I showed glycation to 5 molecules of D-Glucose, 1 molecule of D-Galactose and 4 molecules of D-Lactose; the BthTX-II showed glycation to 6 molecules of D-Glucose, 1 molecule of D-Galactose and 4 molecules of D-Lactose. The glycation of PLA2 from Cdcolli to D-Glucose and D-Lactose increased the enzymatic activity and changed its alosteric profile, in the same way, theses carbohydrates increased the edematogenic effect and annuled the citotoxic activity. However, D-Lactose and D-Glucose decreased the miotoxic effect and changed the platelet aggregation profile of native PLA2, although only D-Lactose had decreased the aggregation. The glycation of BthTX-I to D-Glicose and D-Galactose decreased the edematogenic effect and its glycation to all carbohydrates decreased the miotoxic effect. The glycation of BthTX-II to D-Lactose decreased its enzymatic activity; the edematogenic effect was decreased by the glycation to all the carbohydrates, while the glycation to D-Glucose and D-Galactose decreased the miotoxic effect. The intrinsec fluorescence shows changes in the terciary structure of BthTX-I and BthTX-II after glycation and the circular dichroism suggests modification in the secundary structure of glycated PLA2 from Cdcolli. Besides, the structure modelation shows many free areas in the PLA2 from Cdcolli, where the glycation can be happening. Theses results suggest that the glycation modifies the structure of PLA2, modulating in a different way the enzymatic and the biologic activity; probably the structure changes or even the linked carbohydrates to the PLA2 structure are modifying the affinity for membrane receptors. Additionally, the results show that the enzymatic and biological sites are in different areas in the PLA2 structure. / Doutorado / Bioquimica / Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular