Bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAdV-3) is a non-enveloped icosahedral particle which contains a double stranded DNA genome. The genome of BAdV-3 is organized into early, intermediate and late regions. The late region is organized into seven regions L1-L7 (Reddy et.al., 1998). The L6 region of late transcription unit of BAdV-3 encodes one of the non structural protein named 33K protein. The objective of the present study was to characterize the 33K protein and to identify the viral/cellular proteins involved in the interaction with 33K protein.<p> The RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of spliced and unsliced mRNAs encoding 33K and 22K proteins respectively in BAdV-3 infected cells. The 33K and 22K proteins share a N-terminus region of 138 amino acids. To determine the specificity of these two proteins, rabbit polyclonal antiserum was raised against peptides representing unique C- terminal regions of the proteins. Anti-33Kp serum detected two major proteins of 42 kDa and 22 kDa and five minor proteins of 39kDa, 35kDa, 29kDa, 25kDa and 19kDa in BAdV-3 infected cells or 33K transfected cells. Similarly, anti-22Kp serum detected three proteins of 41kDa, 39kDa and 37kDa in BAdV-3 infected cells. However, a protein of 39kDa and 37kDa was detected in 22K (having splice sites removed) transfected cells. The 33K protein is predominantly localized to the nucleus of BAdV-3 infected cells and is involved in stimulating the transcription from major late promoter. Analysis of mutant 33K proteins demonstrated that amino acids 201-240 and amino acid 204-231 are required for nuclear localization and MLP transactivation.<p> The adenovirus 33K protein appears to be a multifunctional protein performing different role in viral infection. Earlier study has shown that the 33K protein plays a role in viral capsid assembly and efficient capsid DNA interaction in BAdV-3 (Kulshreshtha et.al., 2004). The involvement of 33K protein in different steps of adenovirus replication may require protein protein interaction. Using 33K protein as bait in yeast two hybrid system, open reading frames (ORFs) of BAdV-3 were screened for the potential interactions with 33K protein. The 33K protein showed specific interactions with two late viral proteins- 100K and protein V (pV). The yeast two hybrid findings were validated by in vitro binding using <i>in vitro</i> synthesized transcription-translation products. It was demonstrated that the interaction of 33K with 100K and pV takes place during BAdV-3 infection. The stretch of amino acids 81-120 and 161-200 in 33K protein were involved in the interaction with pV and 100K protein.<p> For screening the cellular interactions, the 33K protein was used as a bait to screen bovine retina cDNA library. The yeast two hybrid screening revealed that the 33K protein appears to interact with bovine presenilin-1-associated protein / mitochondrial carrier homolog 1 (BoPSAP / BoMtch1) and bovine microtubule associated protein (BoMAP). However, subsequent analysis by various <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays could only confirm the interaction between 33K protein and BoPSAP/BoMtch1. In addition, the 33K protein was also shown to be colocalized with BoPSAP in mitochondria. Based on these observations, it may be possible that 33K protein may play an anti-apoptotic by interacting with BoPSAP since the human homolog of PSAP has been known to induce apoptosis.

<p>My dissertation analyzes early Christian representations of Jewish sexuality and explores how early Christian writers attacked opponents by depicting them as subjects of perverse or excessive sexual desires. Beginning with the New Testament, I examine how Paul employed sexual stereotypes to distinguish the community of believers in Christ from the wider Gentile world. In the decades after Paul, Greek writers such as Justin Martyr and the author of the Epistle of Barnabas turned accusations of sexual licentiousness and literalist interpretive practices against the Jews. Origen of Alexandria, moreover, utilized accusations of carnality, fleshliness, and sexual licentiousness to produce Jewish-Christian difference; he drew on dichotomies of "flesh" and "spirit" in Paul's letters to support his argument for the superiority of Christian "spiritual" exegesis over Jewish "carnal" exegesis. Examining the writings of major Christian writers such as Origen and John Chrysostom, I argue that Christian sexual slander against Jews intensified as Christian exegetes endeavored to claim Jewish scripture for Christian use in the third and fourth centuries. My research examines these literary constructions of Jewish sexuality in early Christian writings of Greek Fathers and illuminates how these constructions function in relation to the development of Christian biblical hermeneutics, the formation of Christian practices of self-mastery, and the expansion of Christian imperial power. By exploring how early Christian writers appealed to categories of gender and sexuality to produce Jewish-Christian difference, I aim to contribute to recent scholarship on the variety of strategies by which early Christians negotiated identity and defined Otherness.</p> / Dissertation

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Ru-Shih Liu was a famous and respectable poet in the 17th Century (from 1618 to 1664) in China. Because of her special background, extremely excellent writing techniques and creative thinking, she was very active in the history of literature and left many theses. Her first poetry publication was published at the age of 21. Zu-Loong Chen helped her to write the introduction and promoted her a lot. The next year, her friend invited her to travel to Hangchow, where her second poetry publication was published. Most of her poems¡¦ ideas were from her travel experiences, so this poetry publication was named ¡§Grass of lake¡¨. At that time she was only twenty-two years old. Because of her special life experience, her study presented a kind of excellent art style and worthy literature. The purpose of this research is to analyze the poetry of her second publication as the main subject and research her creative thinking characteristics and artistic performance. The background of her writing and thoughts can be understood by her biography. Six topics were set to analyze the purpose and essence of her creations. Writing styles were concluded by the skills of writing: such as purports of time, purports of space, purports of humanity and purports of nature. The value and style of her poetry was investigated by the evaluation of later literature and analyses of her poetry. Moreover, Ru-Sheih Liu and her poetry influenced female literature development, the exaltation of national integrity and the promotion of life spirit during the late Ming Dynasty.

Despite of global economic depression, the luxury-goods industry has been thriving in the recent years. Luxury brands build brand images such as fashion, classy, and elegance. In this mature market, especially under the domination of 4 major luxury products groups , it is very difficult for a new luxury brand to survive as a late entry. In this paper, based on First-Mover Advantage Theories(Schnaars, 1986; Lieberman and Montgomery, 1988¡Ketc) and the New Business Model(Hamel, 2000), we develop a structural model to discuss how could a new luxury brand succeed competing with existing brands and go international. Shawny&#x00EF;, a new French-Taiwanese luxury brand, is taken as our study case. Several important findings are as following: 1. No first-mover advantage is found in luxury-goods industry. What make a successful luxury brand should be business activities such as creative concept of designer and efforts on managing brands. 2. First-movers in luxury-goods industry benefit from their long-history brand images, their new designers also bring their brands new images from time to time to lead the fashion. 3. Fashion industry moves from Europe, through America, into Asia, in the meanwhile melts new concepts and creativity. 4. New luxury brands could reach global market by merging with luxury products groups.

Abstract The primary objective for this study is to determine the variations of germanium (Ge) to silicon (Si) ratios in diatom shells from down core sediments off the southwestern coast of the Africa. Because Ge behaves like Si in the ocean and the major source of these two elements is rivers, Ge/Si ratios of the diatom are thus expected to record the intensity of weathering on continents. Two sediment cores (Site 1081 and 1084) were collected during the ODP Leg 175 in August, October 1997 and were analyzed for intervals between 3.1 and 1.9 Ma. Generally, the (Ge/Si)diatom ratios in this study show the similar trend with those reported from the Antarctic Ocean. The decline of Ge/Si ratios after 2.5 Ma is caused by the high opal mass accumulation rate, indicating the increasing rivers input of silica to the ocean. Relatively high Ge/Si ratios of diatom shells during warm periods shown by the depleted benthic foraminiferal £_18O values from the North and Equatorial Atlantic, suggesting a scenario of intensified chemical weathering on continent. Cold periods signified by £_18O-enriched values are associated with lower Ge/Si ratios. Very likely the reduced Ge/Si values reflect the prevailing weathering on continents was less chemical-dissolving due to the dry weather in cold stages.

Inaug.-Diss.--Munich. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [viii]-xx).

Proefschrift--Leyden. / "Bijlagen" (dated 1423-1432): p. [91]-160. Includes bibliographical references (p. viii-xiii).

Evidence from the pediatric traumatic brain injury and pediatric brain tumor populations suggests that positive family functioning serves as a protective factor for neurocognitive outcomes of children who survive these conditions. However, no research has been found that examines whether positive family functioning similarly moderates the effects of CNS-directed chemotherapy on the neurocognitive functioning of survivors of pediatric ALL. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of family functioning upon neurocognitive outcome among survivors of pediatric ALL treated with chemotherapy. Based upon a multidimensional model of attention and Anderson’s model of executive function (EF), four subcomponents of attention (selective, divided, sustained, and shifting) and four subcomponents of EF (working memory, planning, inhibition, and processing speed) will be examined. Sequential, or hierarchical, multiple regression analyses will be conducted to examine the relationship between family functioning and neurocognitive functioning among survivors of pediatric ALL as well as a comparison group of healthy children. Data for the ALL group and the comparison group will be examined using separate analyses, with demographic and treatment-related variables entered first, followed by a family functioning variable. For the ALL group, family functioning is expected to explain a significant amount of variance in neurocognitive outcome, even after controlling for demographic and treatment-related variables. It is expected that this relationship will not be found for the comparison group. If so, this would have important implications for the survivors and their families. For example, survivors from families with lower levels of functioning could be identified early through screening measures and their families could receive targeted interventions aimed at improving family functioning and thus survivor outcomes. / text

A large quanti ty of gold'vork was produced in Cyprus during the Late Bronze Age. This thesis is the result of a detailed investiGation of this material. The thesis consists of two parts. Part One comprises general backeround information essential to the study. This begins with a brief summary of the nineteenth century excavations in Cyprus which brought to light so much of the finest &old'fork. This is followed by an outline of the limited contextual evidence from tombs, settlements, sanctuaries and hoards. The rest of Part One considers the possible sources of the gold itself and the techniques which \ .... ere used by the Late Bronze Ace t,'oldsmiths. Part Two comprises a detailed analysis of the eold"ork. This is based for the most part on objects which were physically exal:dned, '\{ith the aid of a microscope. These represent a large proportion of the available material, but the analysis also takes account of as many as possible of the other known and published items. Each class of object is subdivided for convenience according to type or decoration, and relevant technical points are discussed. ".ihere possible, comparisons are made with material :from other areas such as the Aege~ or the Kear Last. The chronology is indicated where it is known. The final conclusions offer a summary of the relationship between Cyprus and other areas with reference to the goldwork. The extent of the ~1ycenaean contribution is discussed, and the material is placed "Ii thin its historical framework. Volume Two comprises the descriptive catalogue of the objects which were examined.It also contains the Plates and Figures.