During the last several decades, mathematics reform has emphasized the goal of ensuring that students develop both conceptual and procedural understanding in mathematics. The current mathematics reform, Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers [NGA Center & CCSSO], 2010), promotes this goal, with procedural knowledge building upon a strong conceptual base. This study uses content analysis to investigate the extent and ways in which Houghton Mifflin Harcourts Go Math! K-8 (HMH, 2016) supports teachers in building procedural fluency from conceptual understanding when teaching equivalence of fractions.Krippendorfs (1980) framework for content analysis guided this study. I identified a priori codes, and allowed for emergent codes, that characterize quality mathematical instruction. Careful analysis of the teacher editions of the textbook series revealed that, if the teacher instructions are to be followed with fidelity, students are not given opportunities to create and share their own strategies for solving tasks designed to help them learn equivalence of fractions. Neither are they given opportunities to make connections among strategies. All connections are introduced by the teacher. Although the teacher editions promote transitions from visual models to algorithms, they provide inconsistent use of problem-solving practice tasks and equal-sharing problems, two methods that are strongly supported by the research literature for developing procedural fluency from conceptual understanding in equivalence of fractions. Finally, the teacher materials include multiple instances in which the same or similar language and terms are used for mathematical and pedagogical practices found in mainstream research and professional literature, yet the practices were to be implemented in ways contrary to mainstream interpretations.Overall, Go Math! K-8 (HMH, 2016) provided little support to teachers in helping students build procedural fluency from conceptual understanding. A teacher-driven, rather than student-driven, approach to instruction was emphasized, thus minimizing opportunities for students to engage in the kinds of tasks and discourse recommended in the literature. The ways in which mathematical language and terms were implemented contrary to mainstream research interpretations can easily cause confusion among educators. The dearth of authentic problem-solving practice was inconsistent with quality mathematics instruction that supports students conceptual and procedural understanding.

<p><strong>Bakgrund: </strong>Alzheimers sjukdom förändrar minnet hos den drabbade, detta innebär att de blir beroende av vårdande. Närstående vill oftast inte lämna dem, utan blir deras naturliga vårdare i hemmet. Detta upplevs vara en trygghet för den drabbade, då minnesstörning oftast förvärras av att flytta hemifrån. Oavsett om det handlar om naturlig vård eller professionell vård är den vårdande relationen viktigt då den lindrar lidandet. <strong>Problem: </strong>Människor drabbade av Alzheimers har svårt att uttrycka sig verbalt, något som kan förhindra att den vårdande relationen uppstår. Detta skulle kunna bidra till att deras lidande inte lindras. <strong>Syfte: </strong>Är att belysa hur den vårdande relationen gestaltas i drama, då anhörig är naturlig vårdare till en människa drabbad av Alzheimers sjukdom. <strong>Metod: </strong>En latent innehållsanalys användes för att analysera filmen ”En sång för Martin”. <strong>Resultat: </strong>I resultatet presenteras fyra teman, ”Som att spela ett spel”, ”Jag vill bara hjälpa dig”, ”Ensam fastän vi är två” och ”De heligaste löftena”, för att belysa syftet. <strong>Slutsats: </strong>Båda parter kan i den vårdande relationen växa tillsammans och finna en väg ut ur lidandet. Utan den vårdande relationens närvaro blev de ensamma i sin smärta, rädsla och oro. </p> / <p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer´s disease changes the memory of the sufferer, this means that they become dependent of caring. Relatives do not often want to leave them, but rather become their natural caregivers in their home. This is experienced as security for the sufferer, because moving often disturbs a memory disorder. Regardless of whether it is natural care or professional care the caring relationship is important because it relieves suffering. <strong>Problem:</strong> Human beings affected by Alzheimer's, has difficulty expressing them verbally, which may prevent a caring relationship. This could contribute that their suffering will not alleviate. <strong>Aim: </strong>To illuminate how the caring relationship shapes in drama, when a relative becomes a natural caregiver to a person suffering from Alzheimer's disease. <strong>Method: </strong>A latent content analysis was used for analyzing the movie “En sång för Martin”. <strong>Results: </strong>The results are presented in four themes, “Like playing a game”, “I just want to help you”, “Solo though we are two” and “The most sacred promises”, to illuminate the aim. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both parts can in the caring relationships grow together and find a way out of suffering. Without the caring relationship presence they were left alone in their pain, fear and anxiety.</p>

Bakgrund: Alzheimers sjukdom förändrar minnet hos den drabbade, detta innebär att de blir beroende av vårdande. Närstående vill oftast inte lämna dem, utan blir deras naturliga vårdare i hemmet. Detta upplevs vara en trygghet för den drabbade, då minnesstörning oftast förvärras av att flytta hemifrån. Oavsett om det handlar om naturlig vård eller professionell vård är den vårdande relationen viktigt då den lindrar lidandet. Problem: Människor drabbade av Alzheimers har svårt att uttrycka sig verbalt, något som kan förhindra att den vårdande relationen uppstår. Detta skulle kunna bidra till att deras lidande inte lindras. Syfte: Är att belysa hur den vårdande relationen gestaltas i drama, då anhörig är naturlig vårdare till en människa drabbad av Alzheimers sjukdom. Metod: En latent innehållsanalys användes för att analysera filmen ”En sång för Martin”. Resultat: I resultatet presenteras fyra teman, ”Som att spela ett spel”, ”Jag vill bara hjälpa dig”, ”Ensam fastän vi är två” och ”De heligaste löftena”, för att belysa syftet. Slutsats: Båda parter kan i den vårdande relationen växa tillsammans och finna en väg ut ur lidandet. Utan den vårdande relationens närvaro blev de ensamma i sin smärta, rädsla och oro. / Background: Alzheimer´s disease changes the memory of the sufferer, this means that they become dependent of caring. Relatives do not often want to leave them, but rather become their natural caregivers in their home. This is experienced as security for the sufferer, because moving often disturbs a memory disorder. Regardless of whether it is natural care or professional care the caring relationship is important because it relieves suffering. Problem: Human beings affected by Alzheimer's, has difficulty expressing them verbally, which may prevent a caring relationship. This could contribute that their suffering will not alleviate. Aim: To illuminate how the caring relationship shapes in drama, when a relative becomes a natural caregiver to a person suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Method: A latent content analysis was used for analyzing the movie “En sång för Martin”. Results: The results are presented in four themes, “Like playing a game”, “I just want to help you”, “Solo though we are two” and “The most sacred promises”, to illuminate the aim. Conclusion: Both parts can in the caring relationships grow together and find a way out of suffering. Without the caring relationship presence they were left alone in their pain, fear and anxiety.