This diploma thesis called Motorcycle Race Dynamics captures the development and development of motorcycles, a description of types, design elements and the techniques of riding a motorcycle. However, the aim of this work is to organize, perform and evaluate the measurement of braking deceleration and the crossing of motorcycles. Before separate data processing, a theoretical methodology for measuring transverse displacement and braking deceleration is proposed. This requires enough motorcycles, experienced riders, two cameras, a measuring instrument and precisely dimensioned lines. The lateral displacement and braking deceleration measurements are then performed and subsequently evaluated. Output of this work include, in addition to videos, an overview of transverse displacement times, or longitudinal deceleration output values gained from braking.

Diploma thesis named Analysis of the lateral displacement time of motorcycles captures formation and development of motorcycles, description of construction and proper techniques for riding a motorcycle. The main aim of this work is to organise and perform the measurement of the lateral displacement and deceleration of the motorcycles. These values will serve for forensic experts. Before the measurement was proposed methodology for the measurement of the lateral displacement by used two cameras and long chalk line. Follow measurement and evalution measurement of the lateral displacement and deceleration. Outputs from this thesis are values of the lateral acceleration necessary for calculation of the shortest lateral displacement time of the motorcycle and 96 videos with course and result of measurements.

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Les vésicules extracellulaires (EVs) apparaissent depuis une dizaine d'années comme de nouveaux biomarqueurs à fort potentiel pour des applications de biopsie liquide. En effet, les EVs portent la signature de leurs cellules émettrices, par le transport de matériel génétique et protéique cellulaire, qui peut être exploité comme outil de diagnostic précoce. L’une des principales limitations actuelles à l'utilisation clinique des EVs est la difficulté à extraire ces nano-objets à partir de biofluides complexes et à standardiser les protocoles de préparation d'échantillon. En effet, de nouvelles technologies sont requises pour effectuer un isolement efficace, bas coût et rapide de sous-populations d'EVs, sans altérer leur intégrité et à partir de faibles volumes d'échantillon. La technique microfluidique de Déplacement Latéral Déterministe (DLD) apparaît comme une des technologies prometteuses pour atteindre ces performances grâce à une purification passive et sans marquage. Les dispositifs de DLD mettent en oeuvre un réseau de piliers générant un tri en taille des particules, et dont les paramètres géométriques permettent de contrôler précisément le diamètre de séparation. Parmi les nombreuses applications de cette technologie dans le secteur biomédical, aucune ne permet pour le moment de réaliser l'extraction complète d'EVs directement à partir du biofluide d'intérêt, sans étapes de purification intermédiaires par centrifugation par exemple. Dans cette perspective, nos développements technologiques ont pour but d'améliorer la fiablilité, l'efficacité et l'intégration des dispositifs de DLD. A partir d'études numériques et expérimentales, nous proposons ici de nouveaux modèles pour anticiper au mieux le comportement des particules lors de la conception de réseaux de DLD. Par ailleurs, dans une approche orientée système, nous proposons également un packaging fluidique des dispositifs de DLD. Plusieurs étapes de tri étant généralement requises pour la purification d’échantillons biologiques, nos développements portent également sur la façon d’interconnecter ces modules au sein d'une configuration en série. Deux applications biologiques sont adressées et démontrent la versatilité de la technologie de DLD : l'isolement de bactéries E. coli à partir de prélèvements sanguins humains - en vue du diagnostic du sepsis - et l'extraction d'EVs dans des milieux de culture cellulaires - avec en perspective la détection d'EVs spécifiques par biopsie liquide. L'étape de préparation d'échantillon ne peut être dissociée de l'étape de caractérisation. C'est pourquoi, l'isolement des EVs devra dans un second temps être couplé à leur analyse au sein d'un dispositif intégré, portable et autonome, ce qui pourrait ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives vers l'application clinique des recherches actuelles sur les EVs. / Over the past decades, Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) have demonstrated strong potential as new biomarkers for liquid biopsy. Indeed, since EVs are fingerprints of parent cells, they can be exploited as early diagnostic tools. However, owing to their small size and high heterogeneity, EVs are challenging to extract from biofluids. In particular, reproducible and standardized protocols are required to perform fast, efficient, and cost-effective preparation of undamaged EV subpopulations from limited sample volumes. Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) appears to be a promising microfluidic technology for this preparation by means of passive and label-free separation. DLD performs size-based separation of particles around a critical diameter that can be fine-tuned according to design parameters in an array of micropillars. Across the numerous biotechnological applications of DLD, none has yet successfully performed the complete extraction of EVs from unprocessed biofluids. This is the underlying motivation of this thesis, which outlines technological enhancements that make DLD separation more predictable, efficient, and easy-to-integrate. Based on both numerical and experimental developments, predictive models are proposed in order to anticipate particle behavior and to help in the design of efficient DLD devices. In addition to the optimization of single DLD devices, this thesis also addresses the issue of system integration. An innovative approach of serial connection between DLD modules is proposed to address the sequential sorting of particles from a complex biofluid and ensure that there is no loss of function of individual DLD devices when operated alone or in series. Two biological applications illustrate the potential of DLD-based sample preparation systems: the isolation of E. coli bacteria from human blood samples for sepsis diagnostics and the extraction of EVs from cell culture media with the perspective of liquid biopsy applications. And as sample preparation cannot be dissociated from detection or characterization, this thesis moreover highlights the potential integration of DLD in an all-in-one microfluidic device for both sample preparation and analysis of extracted EVs. Such a portable and autonomous device could overcome some of the current limitations with regard to the clinical use of EVs.

No description available.

Multi-combination vehicles (MCVs) in urban areas impact on productivity, safety, infrastructure, congestion and the environment. However, psychological effects of MCVs on other drivers may also influence the positioning of vehicles and congestion. A literature review revealed little information on the psychological effects of heavy vehicles on other road users. This research can be used to quantify some psychological impacts of MCVs. A testing program was undertaken on the Gateway Motorway to observe passenger car behaviour around MCVs in a lateral and longitudinal sense. Video footage was collected on a four lane divided urban motorway section which was level, straight and away from any off/on ramps. It experiences high traffic volumes with a one-way AADT of approximately 33,500. The route is currently designated for B-doubles, which is the most common MCV in urban areas. In a lateral sense, the research showed that passenger car behaviour changes around heavy vehicles (prime mover semi-trailer combination and B-doubles); however, there is no statistical difference in passenger car behaviour around semi-trailers and B-doubles. Longitudinally it was found that, even though passenger cars shy away from B-doubles more than semi-trailers, B-doubles are still more efficient in a spatial sense since they carry more freight. The outcomes of this research indicate that there is no further psychological impact on passenger cars, when travelling around B-doubles compared with semi-trailers. Where the results identified longitudinal behaviour changes, it was still concluded that B-doubles were more efficient at transporting freight when the passenger car equivalent (PCE) per tonne of freight was considered. Tracking ability testing was undertaken in a rural area to determine the lateral spatial requirements of three different MCVs. The rural testing was considered appropriate since parts of the urban network have similar characteristics to rural networks. A model was developed as a part of this project to process the data collected by Haldane (2002), but results could not be relied upon due to poor quality data.

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani / Resumo: As propriedades que atuam no deslizamento lateral de um equipamento de arrasto em áreas agrícolas, variam amplamente, indo desde as relacionadas ao solo até aos parâmetros envolvidos no sistema trator-equipamento que podem afetar o deslocamento lateral. O objetivo com o estudo foi mensurar o erro de paralelismo do conjunto trator-protótipo em função de diferentes raios de curvatura, larguras de bitola e comprimentos do cabeçalho de um protótipo de arrasto, além de avaliar a variabilidade do processo por meio do Controle Estatístico do Processo. Os testes foram realizados em área experimental da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. Foi adaptado o chassi de uma semeadora-adubadora, que possibilitasse mudança no comprimento do cabeçalho e variação na largura da bitola do equipamento, o qual denominamos protótipo de arrasto. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x4x15, com cinco comprimentos do cabeçalho e quatro larguras de bitola do protótipo em quinze raios de curvatura médio. A medição do paralelismo entre as passadas do conjunto trator-protótipo foi obtida por meio de um instrumento desenvolvido que denominamos “pirulito” e com o auxílio de uma trena. Nos raios de 16,4 m e de 20 m os erros de paralelismo são maiores, em todas as bitolas e vão diminuindo à medida que se aumenta a circunferência do raio. O comprimento do cabeçalho de 2,40 m, quando comparado com ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The properties that act on the lateral sliding of a trailed equipment in agricultural areas, change widely, ranging from those related to the soil to the parameters involved in the tractor-equipment system that can affect lateral displacement. The objective of the study was to measure the parallelism error of the tractor-prototype set as a function of different curvature radius, the widths of the gauge and the lengths of the header of a drag prototype, in addition, the evaluating process of the variability through the Statistical Process Control. The tests were carried out in an experimental area at the São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Campus of Jaboticabal. The chassis of a seeder-fertilizer was adopted, so that it would allow a change in the length of the header and a variation in the width of the gauge of the equipment, which we call the trailed prototype. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in a 5x4x15 factorial scheme, with five header lengths and four widths of gauge of the prototype in fifteen average curvature radius. The measurement of the parallelism between the steps of the tractor-prototype set was obtained by using an instrument that we call “lollipop” and with the help of a measuring tape. In the 16.4 m and 20 m radius the parallelism errors were greater than the other gauges, and it decreased as the radius circumference increased. The header length of 2.40 m, when compared to the others, obtained t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor