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1	The retention of female unrestricted line officers Pecenco, Elena G. 03 1900 (has links) Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This thesis analyzes the retention of female Naval officers, focusing on the relationship between officer selection metrics and retention beyond minimum service obligation and the effect of lateral transfers on the retention of junior officer in the Unrestricted Line. The retention analysis utilizes data from Naval Academy cohorts 1988-1991, while the lateral transfer analysis uses data from officer cohorts 1986-1991 available through the Officer Promotion History File. The retention analysis focuses on whether the elements of the Naval Academy's Whole Person Multiple (WPM) are valid predictors of graduation and fleet retention beyond minimum service requirement for female officers. Results indicate that the WPM is generally a poor predictor of female graduation and retention, a result that is contrary to previous research that used mixed gender or male-only samples. Only the Math SAT, English/Math teacher recommendation score, and athletic/non-athletic extracurricular activities score have positive and significant relationships with retention beyond minimum service requirement. Thus, it is recommended that the Naval Academy Admissions Board develop a revised selection metric for females in order to select and commission female officers with a greater propensity for career service. The lateral transfer analysis seeks to determine the characteristics of officers in the Navy's lateral transfer system. Results reveal that women are more likely than men to transfer from Unrestricted Line to Restricted Line communities. This higher likelihood of lateral transfer for women is considered a major contributor to the low retention of female officers in Unrestricted Line communities. / Lieutenant, United States Navy Job satisfaction Female officer retention Lateral transfer U.S. Naval Academy admissions Whole person multiple
2	Transfert de produits phytosanitaires par les écoulements latéraux en proche surface dans le Beaujolais de coteaux : suivi sur parcelle exploitée, expérimentation de traçage in situ et modélisation / Assessment of pesticide transfer in subsurface lateral flow on a sloping vineyard in Beaujolais : field monitoring, tracing experiment and modeling Peyrard, Xavier 08 July 2016 (has links) Les transferts latéraux de produits phytosanitaires en proche surface constituent une voie potentielle de contamination des eaux de surface dans certains contextes agro pédo climatique. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'apporter des éléments de connaissance et de compréhension de ces transferts. Un site viticole, dans le Nord Beaujolais, a ainsi été instrumenté avec une tranchée d'interception des écoulements latéraux, un canal Venturi et un réseau piézométrique. Cette instrumentation a ensuite été utilisée pour suivre les transferts latéraux et le ruissellement de produits phytosanitaires sur deux années viticoles. Enfin, une expérimentation de traçage in situ a été menée puis modélisée. Les résultats montrent une relation de seuil entre les volumes évènementiels d'écoulements latéraux captés, le degré de connectivité du versant, les volumes pluviométriques évènementiels, et l'humidité initiale du sol. La dynamique de transfert latéral des pesticides en proche surface s'est avérée très variable à l'échelle de l'évènement, mais en accord avec les propriétés physico chimiques des substances. À l'échelle de l'ensemble des évènements, les concentrations de ces produits dans l'écoulement latéral suivent une décroissance exponentielle temporelle. À l'échelle annuelle, la saisonnalité de l'écoulement latéral et du ruissellement semble expliquer la saisonnalité observée des transferts. L'expérimentation de traçage a permis d'identifier une composante préférentielle de l'écoulement latéral et une composante matricielle. La composante préférentielle a engendré des flux de substance significatifs et de concentrations élevées, mais fugaces. La composante matricielle a généré un flux de faible concentration, mais continu et de longue durée, qui a impliqué une contribution finale plus élevée que la composante préférentielle. Des liens explicatifs entre les propriétés des substances et ces composantes du transfert latéral ont pu être soulignés / Subsurface lateral flow may stand for a risky pathway in several agro pedo climatic contexts: in this way, the aim of this thesis work is to improve our understanding of pesticide transfer and dynamics by this pathway. A farmed vine plot, located on a hillslope in the Nord Beaujolais, was instrumented with a trench, a Venturi flume and a shallow groundwater well network. The instrumentation was used during two farming years to continuously monitor pesticide transfers in both subsurface lateral flows and surface runoff at a fine temporal resolution. Lastly, an in situ tracing experiment was conducted and modeled. Hydrological results highlighted a threshold relationship between subsurface lateral flow volumes measured in the trench, the degree of lateral connectivity of the hillslope, rainfall amounts and initial soil water content. The dynamics of these transfers was very variable at the event scale, and in agreement with the physico chemical properties of the substances. Considering all subsurface lateral flow events, pesticides concentrations were described using a decreasing exponential function depending on the time interval between a given event and the last application of the considered pesticides, and their physico chemical properties. At the year scale, the seasonality of pesticide transfers seemed related with the seasonality of subsurface lateral flow and surface runoff. The tracing experiment highlighted two components in subsurface lateral flow: a matrix related one and a preferential related flow component. The preferential component implied short, highly concentrated and significant lateral fluxes. Matrix related component produced continuous and slightly concentrated fluxes over a long period, and was responsible for a bigger part of the total transfer than the preferential component. Links between substance properties and transfer components were highlighted Pesticide Écoulement latéral Transfert latéral Viticulture Traçage Modélisation Hydrologie de versant Pesticide Lateral flow Lateral transfer Viticulture Tracing experiment Modeling Hillslope hydrology 628.1
3	The Perception of Lexical Similarities Between L2 English and L3 Swedish Utgof, Darja January 2008 (has links) <p>The present study investigates lexical similarity perceptions by students of Swedish as a foreign language (L3) with a good yet non-native proficiency in English (L2). The general theoretical framework is provided by studies in transfer of learning and its specific instance, transfer in language acquisition.</p><p>It is accepted as true that all previous linguistic knowledge is facilitative in developing proficiency in a new language. However, a frequently reported phenomenon is that students see similarities between two systems in a different way than linguists and theoreticians of education do. As a consequence, the full facilitative potential of transfer remains unused.</p><p>The present research seeks to shed light on the similarity perceptions with the focus on the comprehension of a written text. In order to elucidate students’ views, a form involving similarity judgements and multiple choice questions for formally similar items has been designed, drawing on real language use as provided by corpora. 123 forms have been distributed in 6 groups of international students, 4 of them studying Swedish at Level I and 2 studying at Level II. </p><p>The test items in the form vary in the degree of formal, semantic and functional similarity from very close cognates, to similar words belonging to different word classes, to items exhibiting category membership and/or being in subordinate/superordinate relation to each other, to deceptive cognates. The author proposes expected similarity ratings and compares them to the results obtained. The objective measure of formal similarity is provided by a string matching algorithm, Levenshtein distance.</p><p>The similarity judgements point at the fact that intermediate similarity values can be considered problematic. Similarity ratings between somewhat similar items are usually lower than could be expected. Besides, difference in grammatical meaning lowers similarity values significantly even if lexical meaning nearly coincides. Thus, the obtained results indicate that in order to utilize similarities to facilitate language learning, more attention should be paid to underlying similarities.</p> master master's programme language culture general linguistics linguistics foreign language acquisition similarity formal similarity semantic similarity functional similarity transfer transfer of learning language acquisition form form-based research crosslinguistic infuence one-year master english swedish lexical similarities false friends cognates deceptive cognates origin words of the same origin proto-germanic proto-indo-european competence performance comprehension corpus corpus-based data corpus-based research levenshtein distance objective similarity perceived similarity frequency prototype prototypicality proficiency context informed guess simchecker word recognition tachitoscopic experiments semantic correspondence similarity judgements eurocom surface transfer deep transfer lateral transfer English language Engelska språket Linguistic subjects Lingvistikämnen
4	The Perception of Lexical Similarities Between L2 English and L3 Swedish Utgof, Darja January 2008 (has links) The present study investigates lexical similarity perceptions by students of Swedish as a foreign language (L3) with a good yet non-native proficiency in English (L2). The general theoretical framework is provided by studies in transfer of learning and its specific instance, transfer in language acquisition. It is accepted as true that all previous linguistic knowledge is facilitative in developing proficiency in a new language. However, a frequently reported phenomenon is that students see similarities between two systems in a different way than linguists and theoreticians of education do. As a consequence, the full facilitative potential of transfer remains unused. The present research seeks to shed light on the similarity perceptions with the focus on the comprehension of a written text. In order to elucidate students’ views, a form involving similarity judgements and multiple choice questions for formally similar items has been designed, drawing on real language use as provided by corpora. 123 forms have been distributed in 6 groups of international students, 4 of them studying Swedish at Level I and 2 studying at Level II. The test items in the form vary in the degree of formal, semantic and functional similarity from very close cognates, to similar words belonging to different word classes, to items exhibiting category membership and/or being in subordinate/superordinate relation to each other, to deceptive cognates. The author proposes expected similarity ratings and compares them to the results obtained. The objective measure of formal similarity is provided by a string matching algorithm, Levenshtein distance. The similarity judgements point at the fact that intermediate similarity values can be considered problematic. Similarity ratings between somewhat similar items are usually lower than could be expected. Besides, difference in grammatical meaning lowers similarity values significantly even if lexical meaning nearly coincides. Thus, the obtained results indicate that in order to utilize similarities to facilitate language learning, more attention should be paid to underlying similarities. master master's programme language culture general linguistics linguistics foreign language acquisition similarity formal similarity semantic similarity functional similarity transfer transfer of learning language acquisition form form-based research crosslinguistic infuence one-year master english swedish lexical similarities false friends cognates deceptive cognates origin words of the same origin proto-germanic proto-indo-european competence performance comprehension corpus corpus-based data corpus-based research levenshtein distance objective similarity perceived similarity frequency prototype prototypicality proficiency context informed guess simchecker word recognition tachitoscopic experiments semantic correspondence similarity judgements eurocom surface transfer deep transfer lateral transfer Specific Languages Studier av enskilda språk General Language Studies and Linguistics

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