FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / O objetivo principal desse trabalho à a obtenÃÃo de novos reticulados atravÃs de uma tÃcnica elementar por colagem. Para reticulados quaisquer A e B de dimensÃes n e m respectivamente, esta tÃcnica nos permite a obtenÃÃo de um outro reticulado (n + m − 1) -dimensional. Dado dois reticulados A e B de dimensÃes n ≥ 2 e m ≥ 2 respectivamente, contendo o reticulado Λ2, nos permite a obtenÃÃo de um novo reticulado (n + m − 2) -dimensional. Em particular, dado um reticulado n - dimensional H , com densidade de centro δ , nos permite explicitamente a obtenÃÃo de um novo reticulado (n+1) - dimensional H ′, com densidade de centro δ /√3. AtravÃs deste mÃtodo, novos reticulados sÃo encontrados e analisaremos alguns de seus parÃmetros principais, como o volume, a distÃncia mÃnima, a quantidade de vetores de comprimento mÃnimo e a densidade de centro. / The main objective of this work is to obtain new lattices through an elementary technique of collage. For any lattices A and B of dimension n and m respectively, this technique allows us to obtain a other lattice (n+m−1) - dimensional. Given two lattices A and B of dimension n ≥ 2 and m ≥ 2 respectively, with an a lattice Λ2, this technique allows us to obtain a new lattice (n+m−2) - dimensional. In particular, given one lattice n - dimensional H , with center density δ , this technique allows us to explicitly obtain a new lattice (n+1) - dimensional H′, with center density δ/√3. Through this method, new lattices are found and will review some of its key parameters such as volume, the minimum distance, the number of vectors of minimum length and center the density.

The varied properties of Silicon Carbide (SiC) are helping to launch the material into many new applications, particularly in the field of novel semiconductor devices. In this work, the cubic form of SiC is of interest as a basis for developing integrated optical components. Here, the formation of a suitable SiO2 buried cladding layer has been achieved by high dose oxygen ion implantation. This layer is necessary for the optical confinement of propagating light, and hence optical waveguide fabrication. Results have shown that optical propagation losses of the order of 20 dB/cm are obtainable. Much of this loss can be attributed to mode leakage and volume scattering. Mode leakage is a function of the effective oxide thickness, and volume scattering related to the surface layer damage. These parameters have been shown to be controllable and so suggests that further reduction in the waveguide loss is feasible. Analysis of the layer growth mechanism by RBS, XTEM and XPS proves that SiO2 is formed, and that the extent of formation depends on implant dose and temperature. The excess carbon generated is believed to exit the oxide layer by a number of varying mechanisms. The result of this appears to be a number of stable Si-C-O intermediaries that form regions to either depth extreme of the SiO2 layer. Early furnace tests suggest a need to anneal at temperatures approaching the melting point of the silicon substrate, and that the quality of the virgin material is crutial in controlling the resulting oxide growth.

Au cours des deux dernières décennies, nous avons été littéralement submergés par les données. Nous recevons, rapidement, un flux colossal de données hétérogènes. Les techniques issues de la recherche d’information doivent évoluer afin de les ordonner et de les sélectionner. D’un autre côté, les techniques d’extraction de connaissances sont capables d’extraire une quantité (exponentielle) de connaissances des données, en particulier lors de la fouille de règles d’association. De nouveaux outils doivent être fournis aux analystes des données. La recherche d’information et l’extraction de connaissances abordent la même problématique : elles structurent et organisent les données. La première sélectionne et attribue un rang, l’autre partitionne et hiérarchise. L’Analyse des Concepts Formels (FCA), introduite par R. Wille, utilise les treillis de concepts afin de mettre en évidence à la fois un ordre (au sens d’attribuer un rang) et une classification (au sens de partition). Cependant, il est bien connu de la communauté FCA que ces treillis peuvent avoir une taille exponentielle. Pour toutes ces raisons, des outils pour réduire la taille des données ou des treillis, sont nécessaires. Dans cette thèse, nous avons utilisé différentes approches. Des algorithmes distribués pour la FCA ont été définis afin de réduire la taille des données d’entrée en petits morceaux. Différentes méthodes de décomposition de treillis ont été étudiées ou définies. Certaines sont basées sur les relations de congruence, d’autres sur les relations de tolérance. Pour aider l’utilisateur dans ses choix de réduction, un cadre général, nommé LattExp, a été mis en place. LattExp fournit une possibilité de navigation à travers les réductions/décompositions et aide l’utilisateur dans ses choix. / During the last two decades, data have literrally overwhelmed the world. Indeed a huge amount of heterogenous data is daily produced, so that techniques of Information Retrieval have to evolve to order them and select relevant ones. On the other side, techniques of Knowledge Discovery are able to extract a potentially exponential number of patterns from data, especially association rules, so that new tools have to be defined to help data analysts in their job. Both information retrieval and knowledge discovery address the same issue : they structure and organize data. Nevertheless their points of view are different : the former selects and ranks data whether the latter classifies and clusters them. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), introduced by R. Wille, uses concept lattices to reveal both an order and a classification inside data. However, it is well known in the FCA community, that these concept lattices may have an exponential size with respect to data. For all these reasons, tools to reduce the size of data, or lattices, are needed. In this thesis, some distributed algorithms for FCA have been designed in order to reduce input data into small pieces. Different decompositions of lattices have also been studied or defined, some based on congruence relations, other on tolerance relations. At last, to help the user in his choices of reduction, a general framework, named LattExp, have been defined. LattExp provides a navigation facility through reductions/decompositions and guide the user in his choices.

The work presented in this dissertation concerns dynamics of Rydberg atom lattices in the presence of noise and dissipation. Rydberg atoms possess a number of exaggerated properties, such as a strong van der Waals interaction. The interplay of that interaction, coherent driving and decoherence leads to intriguing non-equilibrium phenomena. Here, we study the non-equilibrium physics of driven atom lattices in the presence of decoherence caused by either laser phase noise or strong decay. In the first case, we compare between global and local noise and explore their effect on the number of excitations and the full counting statistics. We find that both types of noise give rise to a characteristic distribution of the Rydberg excitation number. The main method employed is the Langevin equation but for the sake of efficiency in certain regimes, we use a Markovian master equation and Monte Carlo rate equations, respectively. In the second case, we consider dissipative systems with more general power-law interactions. We determine the phase diagram in the steady state and analyse its generation dynamics using Monte Carlo rate equations. In contrast to nearest-neighbour models, there is no transition to long-range-ordered phases for realistic interactions and resonant driving. Yet, for finite laser detunings, we show that Rydberg atom lattices can undergo a dissipative phase transition to a long-range-ordered antiferromagnetic phase. We identify the advantages of Monte Carlo rate equations over mean field predictions. Having studied the dynamics of Rydberg atom lattices, we study an application of the strong interactions in such systems for quantum information processing. We investigate the coherent exchange of a single photon between a superconducting microwave cavity and a lattice of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms in the presence of local electric field fluctuations plaguing the cavity surface. We show that despite the increased sensitivity of Rydberg states to electric fields, as compared to ground state atoms, the Rydberg dipole-dipole interaction can be used to protect the system against the dephasing induced by the local noise. Using $1/f$ and laser phase noise models, we show that compared to the case with non-interacting atoms, our system exhibits longer coherence lifetimes and larger retrieval efficiency of the photon after storing into the atoms.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Keloid scars (KS) are a type of abnormal scarring which is unique to humans. They extend beyond the confines of the original wound margins, do not regress over time and invade the surrounding unaffected skin. The mechanisms involved in the formation of KS remain largely unknown. Clinical observation has shown that in areas where increased tension occurs, such as the sternum, there is a greater propensity for developing KS. However, the precise relationship between skin tension and KS development is yet to be identified. In view of this, I hypothesize that skin tension plays a significant role in KS development by affecting tension-related biomarkers that may alter the phenotype of KS. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of skin tension in the formation of KS. To this end, the first aim was to identify possible targets among biomarkers that might contribute to the differentiation between KS and hypertrophic scars in tissue and cells obtained from diverse anatomical locations. The second aim was to investigate the effect of tension-related biomarkers on extracellular matrix (ECM) steady-state synthesis in keloid fibroblasts (KF) extracted from a highly tensioned body region (the sternum). The third aim was to develop a 3D in-vitro model to mimic in-vivo tension and to evaluate KF behaviour and ECM synthesis under tension. To achieve these aims 21 biomarkers were selected from published microarray and in-house microarray studies, the inclusion criteria was based on up-regulation of the genes in KS in relation to fibrosis, apoptosis and tension. For this purpose, samples from normal skin and KS were used to perform qRT-PCR screening in tissue and cells, as well as protein analysis by Western and In-cell Western blot. The siRNA knockdown technique was employed to evaluate the functional role of the tension-related markers in keloid fibroblasts. Finally, a photogrammetry technique was employed to evaluate skin tension in-vivo; the results from this evaluation were used in the development and design of a novel in-vitro 3D-model. The first biomarker screening in tissue showed convincing up-regulation of five tension-related targets (Hsp27, PAI-2 and α2β1-integrin, MMP-19 and CPRP). In addition, the expression of the above-mentioned targets was significantly higher in samples from the sternum compared to samples from other anatomical locations. To further validate these findings, the screening of the 21 biomarkers was assessed in KS and KF taken from the sternum. The results demonstrated over expression of 3 of the 5 tension-related targets (Hsp27, PAI-2 and α2β1-Integrin). It was also demonstrated that Hsp27, PAI-2 and α2β1-Integrin performed a functional role in terms of regulation of extracellular matrix production and deposition in KF when their expression was down-regulated by siRNA knockdown. Using the newly created 3D model, it was shown that mechanical tension significantly induced the expression of Hsp27, PAI-2 and α2β1-Integrin as well as ECM components such as Collagen I. Furthermore, the results showed that the knockdown of the expression of Hsp27, PAI-2 and α2β1-integrin in fibroblast populated collagen lattices subjected to tension influenced not only the ECM synthesis but also adhesion and spreading genes in keloid and normal fibroblasts. In summary, this research convincingly shows that skin tension alters keloid fibroblast behaviour, morphology, mechano-responsive gene expression and extracellular matrix production. The findings from my thesis offer insight into keloid pathobiology and provide options for targeted treatment of specific genes affected in keloids by biomechanical stress.

Recently, lattices - a mathematical representation of infinite discrete points in the Euclidean space, have become an effective way to describe and analyze communication systems especially system those that can be modeled as linear Gaussian vector channel model. Channel codes based on lattices are preferred due to three facts: lattice codes have simple structure, the code can achieve the limits of the channel, and they can be decoded efficiently using lattice decoders which can be considered as the Closest Lattice Point Search (CLPS). Since the time lattice codes were introduced to Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channel, Sphere Decoder (SD) has been an efficient way to implement lattice decoders. Sphere decoder offers the optimal performance at the expense of high decoding complexity especially for low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and for high- dimensional systems. On the other hand, linear and non-linear receivers, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), and MMSE Decision-Feedback Equalization (DFE), provide the lowest decoding complexity but unfortunately with poor performance. Several studies works have been conducted in the last years to address the problem of designing low complexity decoders for the MIMO channel that can achieve near optimal performance. It was found that sequential decoders using backward tree 
search can bridge the gap between SD and MMSE. The sequential decoder provides an interesting performance-complexity trade-off using a bias term. Yet, the sequential decoder still suffers from high complexity for mid-to-high SNR values. In this work, we propose a new algorithm for Bidirectional Fano sequential Decoder (BFD) in order to reduce the mid-to-high SNR complexity. Our algorithm consists of first constructing a unidirectional Sequential Decoder based on forward search using the QL decomposition. After that, BFD incorporates two searches, forward and backward, to work simultaneously till they merge and find the closest lattice point to the received signal. We show via computer simulations that BFD can reduce the mid-to-high SNR complexity for the sequential decoder without changing the bias value.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第22546号 / 人博第949号 / 新制||人||226(附属図書館) / 2019||人博||949(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻 / (主査)准教授 木下 俊哉, 教授 吉田 鉄平, 教授 森成 隆夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM