Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlinneKSF_DISSERT.pdf: 2111832 bytes, checksum: 4c3a5b40f28210cad528671d89c486df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study aims to assess the potential for industrial reuse of textile wastewater, after passing through a physical and chemical pretreatment, into denim washing wet processing operations in an industrial textile laundry, with no need for complementary treatments and dilutions. The methodology and evaluation of the proposed tests were based on the production techniques used in the company and upgraded for the experiments tested. The characterization of the treated effluent for 16 selected parameters and the development of a monitoring able to tailor the treated effluent for final disposal in accordance with current legislation was essential for the initiation of testing for reuse. The parameters color, turbidity, SS and pH used were satisfactory as control variables and presents simple determination methods. The denim quality variables considered were: color, odor, appearance and soft handle. The tests were started on a pilot scale following complexity factors attributed to the processes, in denim fabric and jeans, which demonstrated the possibility of reuse, because there was no interference in the processes and at quality of the tested product. Industrial scale tests were initiated by a step control that confirmed the methodology efficiency applied to identify the possibility of reuse by tests that precede each recipe to be processed. 556 replicates were performed in production scale for 47 different recipes of denim washing. The percentage of water reuse was 100% for all processes and repetitions performed after the initial adjustment testing phase. All the jeans were framed with the highest quality for internal control and marketed, being accepted by contractors. The full-scale use of treated wastewater, supported by monitoring and evaluation and control methodology suggested in this study, proved to be valid in textile production, not given any negative impact to the quality the produced jeans under the presented conditions. It is believed that this methodology can be extrapolated to other laundries to determine the possibility of reuse in denim washing wet processing with the necessary modifications to each company. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar as possibilidades de re?so industrial de efluentes t?xteis, ap?s passar por um pr?-tratamento f?sico-qu?mico, no processamento do jeans em uma lavanderia industrial t?xtil, sem a necessidade de tratamentos complementares e dilui??es. A metodologia desenvolvida e avalia??o dos testes propostos foram baseadas nas t?cnicas de produ??o utilizadas na empresa e adaptadas para os experimentos testados. A caracteriza??o do efluente tratado atrav?s dos 16 par?metros selecionados e o desenvolvimento de um monitoramento capaz de adequar o efluente tratado para disposi??o final de acordo com a legisla??o vigente foi essencial para o in?cio dos testes de re?so. Os par?metros utilizados - cor, turbidez, SS e pH mostraram-se satisfat?rios como vari?veis de controle e apresentam m?todos de determina??o simples. As vari?veis de qualidade no tecido (denim) consideradas foram: cor, odor, apar?ncia e suavidade ao toque. Os testes foram iniciados em escala piloto seguindo fatores de complexidade atribu?dos aos processos, em pe?as piloto e em pe?as confeccionadas, que demonstraram a possibilidade de re?so, por n?o apresentarem interfer?ncias a qualidade dos processos e das pe?as produzidas. Em escala real os testes foram iniciados por uma etapa controle e confirmaram a efici?ncia da metodologia aplicada para identificar a possibilidade de re?so atrav?s de testes que precedem cada receita a ser processada. Foram realizadas 556 repeti??es em escala produtiva para as lavagens referentes a 47 diferentes receitas. O percentual de re?so com ?gua da ETEI foi de 100% para todos os processos e repeti??es realizadas ap?s a etapa inicial de ajuste dos testes. Todas as pe?as foram enquadradas com qualidade m?xima pelo controle interno e comercializadas, sendo aprovadas pelos contratantes. A utiliza??o em escala real do efluente tratado, sustentado pelo monitoramento e metodologia de controle e avalia??o sugerida neste estudo mostrou-se v?lida na produ??o t?xtil, por n?o conferir qualquer tipo de impacto negativo ? qualidade das pe?as produzidas nas condi??es apresentadas. Estes resultados apontam que esta metodologia pode ser extrapolada a outras lavanderias para determina??o da possibilidade de re?so no beneficiamento de jeans com as adapta??es necess?rias a cada empresa.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / This study investigated the coagulation diagrams using tannin as organic coagulant, from renewable source, associated or not, to the inorganic coagulant aluminium sulphate and to coagulation auxiliaries sodium aluminate (inorganic) and cationic hemicellulose (from renewable source) for treatment of industrial laundry effluent. The methodology consisted of removing oils and greases, followed by filtration, pH adjustment, and application of the coagulants and auxiliaries at various concentrations. Coagulant tannin is mostly effective in removing turbidity in acid pH\'s (3 to 5) when used at concentrations higher than 1000 ppm, possibly acting under the adsorption mechanisms and formation of bridges, and adsorption, and charge neutrality. When associated to sodium aluminate at ratio 3:1 (v/v) tannin, sodium aluminium oxide), it permitted larger removals of turbidity on acid regions for two ranges of concentration (lower than 1500 ppm and higher than 3750 ppm), indicating that the tannin/sodium aluminium oxide interaction is not favourable to undo itself and interact with the effluent particles. The association of tannin with aluminium sulphate presented the largest removals of turbidity at all pH ranges and concentrations investigated, possibly by an interaction between cation Al3+ and the hydroxyls bonded to the tannin benzene ring forming a chelate with more stability and interaction with suspended particles, stabilizing the flocs formed by this interaction. The addition of cationic hemicellulose offers improvements to the removal of turbidity at the basic pH region (worst tannin performance) provided by tannin, however, its action is conditioned to the tannin efficiency in the coagulation process. The possible interactions between the hemicellulose and the effluent suggest interactions of the type hydrogen bridges and dipole-dipole interactions. The use of tannins associated to cationic hemicellulose allows treatment of industrial laundry effluent with formation of sludge of more biodegradability, which is an advantage from the sustainability point-of-view. / O presente trabalho investigou os diagramas de coagulação, utilizando o coagulante orgânico tanino, proveniente de fonte renovável, associado ou não, ao coagulante inorgânico sulfato de alumínio e aos auxiliares de coagulação aluminato de sódio (inorgânico) e hemicelulose catiônica (de fonte renovável) para o tratamento de efluente de lavanderia industrial. A metodologia consistiu na retirada de óleos e graxas, seguida de filtração e ajuste de pH e aplicação dos coagulantes e auxiliares em diversas concentrações. O coagulante tanino possui maior eficácia na remoção de turbidez em pHs ácidos (3 a 5) quando utilizado em concentrações superiores a 1000 ppm possivelmente, atuando sob os mecanismos de adsorção e formação de pontes e adsorção e neutralização de cargas. Quando associado ao aluminato de sódio em proporção 3:1 ((v/v) tanino/aluminato de sódio), permitiu maiores remoções de turbidez em regiões ácidas para duas faixas de concentração (menores que 1500 ppm e maiores que 3750 ppm ), indicando que a interação entre o tanino e aluminato de sódio não é favorável para se desfazer e interagir com as partículas do efluente. A associação do tanino com o sulfato de alumínio apresentou as maiores remoções de turbidez em todas as faixas de pH e concentrações investigadas, possivelmente, por uma interação entre o cátion Al3+ e as hidroxilas ligadas ao anel benzênico do tanino formando um quelato com maior estabilidade e interação com as partículas suspensas, estabilizando os flocos formados por esta interação. A adição da hemicelulose catiônica oferece melhorias para remoção de turbidez na região de pHs básicos (pior atuação do tanino) proporcionado pelo tanino, porém sua ação está condicionada a eficácia do tanino no processo de coagulação. As possíveis interações entre a hemicelulose e o efluente sugerem interações do tipo pontes de hidrogênio e dipolo-dipolo. O uso dos taninos associado à hemicelulose catiônica permite o tratamento do efluente de lavanderia industrial com a formação de um lodo de maior biodegradabilidade, sendo esta uma vantagem do ponto de vista da sustentabilidade. / Mestre em Química

Esta investigación se basa en un análisis académico, sobre las características del servicio de tercerización de lavandería industrial para la hotelería. Tiene como objetivo identificar la relación de la tercerización de servicios de lavandería industrial como una actividad estratégica y competitiva; poniendo énfasis en la relevancia de las cualidades, procesos y servicios el cual permite contribuir a la toma de decisiones, tanto para los directivos de una compañía hotelera como para todos aquellos involucrados en esta industria. Con la finalidad de brindar un panorama para entender estos conceptos, se emplea como metodología de investigación la revisión bibliográfica de fuentes académicas, publicadas preferentemente entre los años 2014 - 2020 que tratan sobre el servicio de tercerización y el área de lavandería en hoteles. El estudio permite conocer en detalle el concepto de tercerización y también, a partir de un enfoque internacional, se analizan las percepciones, implementación e insumos en su operación de los hoteles que contratan el servicio de lavandería desde el punto de vista de su relación con la calidad, efectividad, usos y características. Los resultados del estudio muestran que los elementos que los hoteles deben considerar para la contratación del servicio de tercerización de lavandería industrial están dirigidos a la información o certificaciones de la lavandería industrial enfocada en productos de la hotelería, la especialización en el rubro, los servicios que éste ofrezca y su relación precio y calidad. / This research is based on an academic analysis of the characteristics of the industrial laundry outsourcing service in the hotel industry, which aims to identify the relationship of the outsourcing of this service as a strategic and competitive activity; placing emphasis on the relevance of the qualities and processes which allows to contribute to decision making, either for the managers of a hotel or for all those who wish to learn about this activity. In order to provide an overview to understand these concepts, the research methodology used is the bibliographic review of academic sources, preferably published between the years 2014 - 2020 that deal with the outsourcing service for the laundry area in hotels. The study allows us to know in detail the concept of outsourcing and also, from an international approach, analyzes the perceptions, implementation and inputs in their operation of the hotels that hire the laundry service from the point of view of their relationship with the quality, effectiveness, uses and characteristics. Finally, the results of the study show that the elements that hotels should consider for hiring the industrial laundry outsourcing service are aimed at the information or certifications of the industrial laundry focused on hotel products, specialization in the field, the services it offers and its price and quality ratio. / Trabajo de investigación

Main purpose of this thesis is to explain the issue of waste heat from broader point of view. It´s substantial part therefore deals with various available methods of waste heat utilization and their analysis. Large part of the thesis is devoted to description and usage of heat exchangers, heat pumps and thermal energy storage. The main theme of the thesis is the use of waste heat from industrial laundry room. It also introduces the process of the professional maintenance service along with its specifications and parameters of waste streams from washing machines. Main goal of the practical part of the thesis is to design equipment which could be used to store waste heat from washing machines. This equipment is designed to be used for specific process in NETME Centre laboratory. In conclusion, thesis addresses the propposed equipment from the energetical and economical point of view.

This thesis is deals with design of a Senior’s Boarding House in Lomnicka u Tisnova. Building four-storey building with one service basement floor with This thesis deals with a design of a retirement home in Lomnicka u Tisnova. This is a four storey building with one service basement floor and with a flat roof. The structural system is of a transverse wall type. Material of structural elements is a combination of reinforced concrete and masonry. The building is founded on piles. In addition, the design includes a restaurant for warming and serving food prepared in different place, laundry and a small pool. All construction drawings and schedules has been developed as building information model (BIM).

El presente trabajo de investigación evalúa los aspectos generales del proyecto, planeamiento estratégico, investigación de mercado, plan de marketing, y la viabilidad económica y financiera para la implementación del local físico y virtual del negocio. A continuación, se describe los aspectos más importantes del estudio: En los estudios del macroentorno se identifica que al ser un proyecto innovador existe un alto grado de oportunidades para lograr un adecuado posicionamiento en el mercado. Sin embargo, debido a la gran oferta, hay un alto grado de amenazas con relación al alto nivel de competidores que existe. También se puede identificar en el análisis interno una gran variedad de fortalezas, basándonos en la propuesta de valor de la empresa que es brindar un servicio de calidad en un ambiente acogedor, implementando una cafetería para que puedan realizar otro tipo de actividades como lo son trabajar y estudiar. Sin embargo, también existen algunas debilidades como la inexperiencia en el rubro del negocio que puede ser un factor para disminuir con capacitaciones constantes. Por otro lado, para la investigación de mercado se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad y encuestas, las cuales, nos brindaron un público objetivo para nuestro primer año de operación, personas de lima moderna cuyo promedio de edad se encuentra entre 25 a 45 años. También el perfil de nuestro público objetivo es que valora mucho el tiempo por encima del dinero que estarían dispuestos a pagar por un servicio de calidad. En cuanto al plan de marketing, se considera que el tamaño del mercado disponible es de 130,499 personas, lo cual nos brinda un público objetivo de 23,040 personas que corresponden al 18% del mercado para el primer año de operación. Con ello, para lograr captar al público objetivo se implementará un plan de marketing digital cuya prioridad es la elaboración del ecosistema digital (página web y redes sociales) medio por el cual se brindará la interacción necesaria para lograr una futura fidelización y reconocimiento de la marca. En el plan operativo se diseñó la cadena de valor que especifica las actividades primarias y secundarias para el adecuado funcionamiento del local comercial. Para estas tareas, cada uno de los participantes del proyecto tomará una función que permita brindar una adecuada relación con los proveedores, accionistas y clientes. Por último, en el plan financiero se optará por un financiamiento tradicional del 50% como aporte de los accionistas y 50% a través de una entidad financiera comprendiendo un total de S/ 317,346.54 como inversión inicial. Para ello, se evaluarán diferentes tasas en el mercado que permitan obtener un flujo de amortización adecuado a las proyecciones de gastos e ingresos. También se podrá visualizar un recupero de la inversión a corto plazo, el cual se detalla que será en 18 meses cómo se mostrará en el análisis financiero. Finalmente, los estados financieros tienen una proyección de 3 años que muestran en un análisis vertical del estado de ganancias y pérdidas, un incremento anual del 1% en las utilidades del primer, segundo y tercer año de operación. Sin embargo, en el cuatro año se genera un incremento del 7%. Estos resultados indican que el proyecto es rentable debido a la gran demanda que tiene el rubro en el que “COFFEE LAUNDRY” se encuentra. / This research work evaluates the general aspects of the project, strategic planning, market research, marketing plan, and the economic and financial viability for the implementation of the physical and virtual business premises. The most important aspects of the study are describing below: In the macroenvironment studies, it is identifying that being an innovative project. There is a high degree of opportunities to achieve a good position in the market. First, there is a significant supply, but there is a high degree of threats with a high level of competitors as well. A great variety of strengths can also be identified in the internal analysis, based on the company's value proposition, which is to provide quality service in a welcoming environment, implementing a cafeteria so that they can carry out other types of activities such as work and study. Second, there are also some weaknesses, such as inexperience in the business field that can be a factor to decrease with constant training. On the other hand, for market research, in-depth interviews and surveys were conducted, which provided us with a target audience for our first year of operation, people from modern Lima whose average age is between 25 to 45 years. Also, the profile of our target audience is that they highly value the time over the money they would be willing to pay for a quality service. Regarding the marketing plan, it is considering that the size of the available market is 130,499 people, which gives us a target audience of 23,040 people that correspond to 18% of the market for the first year of operation. With this, in order to attract the target audience, a digital marketing plan will be implemented whose priority is the development of the digital ecosystem (website and social networks) through which the necessary interaction will be provided to achieve future loyalty and brand recognition. In the operational plan, the value chain was designed that specifies the primary and secondary activities for the proper functioning of the commercial premises. For these tasks, each of the project participants will take on a role that allows providing a good relationship with suppliers, shareholders, and customers. Finally, the financial plan will opt for traditional financing of 50% as a shareholder contribution and 50% through an economic entity comprising a total of S/ 317,346.54 as initial investment. For this, different rates will be evaluated in the market that allows obtaining an amortization flow adequate to the projections of expenses and income. It will also be possible to visualize a recovery of the investment in the short term, which is detailed that it will be in 18 months how it will be shown in the financial analysis. Finally, the financial statements have a 3-year projection that shows, in a vertical analysis of the profit and loss statement, an annual increase of 1% in the profits of the first, second and third years of operation. However, in the fourth year, a rise of 7% is generated. These results indicate that the project is profitable due to the great demand for the item in which "COFFEE LAUNDRY" is located. / Trabajo de investigación

In 2019, the two Swedish banks Swedbank and SEB was involved in what has been called one of the largest money laundry scandals. Money laundering is a critical sustainability issue for banks since their operations enable money from corrupt activities to be laundered into the financial system, hence diverts resources from education and health services. Corruption is a difficult topic to manage due to its invisible nature, making it hard to detect and measure compared to emissions or compliance with human rights. In the last decades, there has been an increasing demand for organizations to communicate their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) considerations. However, the flexibility allowed by standards and regulation in this area regarding what to disclose have been argued to undermine the reliability of CSR information. There have been discussions whether the banks had informed stakeholders about the anticorruption risks sufficiently, information that primarily should be communicated through sustainability and annual reports. Previous studies examining CSR reporting quality have found that companies present information in different ways, complicating a comparison of information. They have also found that such disclosure has been used as a strategy to highlight only the good work of a company and omit negative disclosures. This study examines the quality of CSR information that is communicated in annual and sustainability reports of the four largest banks operating in Sweden; Nordea, Handelsbanken, Swedbank, and SEB. Our focus is limited to disclosure about anti-corruption for which the Global reporting initiative (GRI) provides principles in terms of what they asses to be good content and quality. We will use these principles when structuring our categories in our qualitative content analysis with quantitative elements and when we analyse and make conclusions of our results regarding the quality. We use a content analysis model called the Consolidated Narrative Interrogation Model (CONI) which integrate both qualitative and quantitative measures of CSR reporting quality. Our result show that anti-corruption disclosure differs in terms of presentation structure, which requirements from GRI that are applied and how much information that is disclosed. The overall conclusion regarding its quality is that it does not meet the reporting quality principles stated in GRI 101: foundation. We find indications of strategic legitimacy in terms of how banks disclose anti-corruption activities which is critical for the overall reporting practise since its purpose it to constitute an accurate and reliable source of information to stakeholders.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es demostrar y sustentar que la implementación de la lavandería BaBoo en Lima Metropolitana consigue cubrir la necesidad de un segmento del mercado, que comprende las familias del NSE A y B+ ubicados en los distritos de la zona Moderna de Lima Metropolitana. Con el motivo de alcanzar los objetivos, se contó con información crucial proveniente de hogares de los distritos AB+. En efecto, dicha información asentó nuestra propuesta de valor, que se basa en ofrecer un servicio de lavandería para las prendas de bebés y a la vez la venta de pañales ecológicos. En la investigación, se emplea la metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa. Por último, se evalúa los costos y beneficios para la inversión inicial del proyecto, a través de indicadores económicos como el VAN y el TIR, además de análisis de riesgos inherentes a la ejecución del proyecto. / The objective of this work is to demonstrate and support that the implementation of the BaBoo Laundry in Metropolitan Lima manages to cover the need of a market segment, which includes the families of the NSE A and B + located in the districts of the Modern zone of Metropolitan Lima. In order to achieve the objectives, we had crucial information from households in the AB + districts. Indeed, this information established our value proposition, which is based on offering a laundry service for baby clothes and at the same time the sale ecological diapers. In research, qualitative and quantitative methodology is used. Finally, the costs and benefits for the initial investment of the project are evaluated, through economic indicators such as the NPV and the IRR, as well as analysis of risks inherent to the execution of the project. / Trabajo de investigación

Wash Ecohouse es una idea de negocio que busca facilitar el acceso que tienen las personas a la lavandería común, como también garantizar la bioseguridad en el proceso de lavado y secado para salvaguardar la salud de los consumidores y los colaboradores que conformarán la empresa. Wash Ecohouse busca, a través de una aplicación móvil, que los clientes o usuarios puedan solicitar el servicio de lavado y secado desde cualquier lugar donde se encuentren, para que de esta manera sea nuestra empresa la que recoja en los domicilios de los clientes las prendas a lavar como también la entrega una vez terminado el servicio. El propósito es que los usuarios no pierdan más tiempo en salir de sus casas a buscar una, y que tengan seguridad de no exponerse más a la pandemia actual, cubriendo sus necesidades fisiológicas y de seguridad. Para iniciar con las actividades de este proyecto se necesita una inversión de 139,023.00 soles, entre activos y gastos pre-operativos, de los cuales el 36% será financiado por una entidad financiera y el resto será aporte de los socios. Al hacer la evaluación del proyecto obtenemos una TIR de 33.50% y un VAN de S/ 88,724.08 en un escenario optimista, mientras que en uno pesimista 18.73% y S/ 20,448.94 respectivamente. Lo que nos dice que el proyecto es viable ya que la TIR y el VAN resultan ser mayor al costo de oportunidad, por lo que cubre la rentabilidad esperada y además genera un beneficio. / Wash Ecohouse is a business idea that seeks to facilitate the access that people have to the common laundry, as well as to guarantee biosecurity in the washing and drying process to safeguard the health of consumers and the collaborators that will make up the company. Wash Ecohouse seeks, through a mobile application, that customers or users can request the washing and drying service from anywhere they are, so that in this way it is our company that collects the garments from the customers' homes to wash as well as delivery once the service is finished. The purpose is that users do not waste more time leaving their homes to look for one, and that they are sure of not exposing themselves to the current pandemic, covering their physiological and safety needs. To start the activities of this project, an investment of 139,023.00 soles is needed, between assets and pre-operating expenses, of which 36% will be financed by a financial entity and the rest will be a contribution from the partners. When evaluating the project, we obtain an IRR of 33.50% and a NPV of S / 88,724.08 in an optimistic scenario, while in a pessimistic one 18.73% and S / 20,448.94 respectively. This tells us that the project is viable since the IRR and NPV turn out to be greater than the opportunity cost, so it covers the expected profitability and also generates a profit. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la implementación del proyecto DryExpress el cual pretende generar valor mediante la generación de ingresos extra a través del lavado de ropa. La idea que pretende el negocio es beneficiar a aquellas personas con tiempo libre que estén dispuestos a usar su lavadora para poder brindar el servicio de lavado. De esta manera se busca ayudar a aquellas personas que fueron afectadas económicamente por la pandemia del Covid-19. Asimismo, DryExpress busca solucionar el problema que las personas tienen para poder mantener su ropa limpia y lavada. Debido a diversos factores como la falta de organización, tiempo y ganas, muchos usuarios afirman que se vuelve tediosa la labor de lavar su ropa por lo que muchas de ellas tercerizan esta labor. De esta manera, se pretende dar una solución a aquellas personas que tienen problemas con esta labor. El único canal para contactar el servicio de terciarización de lavado de ropa será netamente digital ya que se espera aprovechar la creciente demanda de servicios que se piden a través de los canales alternativos. Finalmente, el proyecto tendrá una inversión inicial de S/. 15,656 para poder empezar a realizar sus operaciones de manera versátil y accesible. Dicha inversión será recuperada durante el segundo semestre del primer año de operaciones. / The present work aims to implement the DryExpress project, which aims to generate value by generating extra income through laundry. The idea that the business intends is to benefit those people with free time who are willing to use their washing machine to be able to provide the laundry service. In this way, it seeks to help those people who were economically affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Likewise, DryExpress seeks to solve the problem that people have to be able to keep their clothes clean and washed. Due to various factors such as lack of organization, time and desire, many users say that the work of washing their clothes becomes tedious, so many of them outsource this work. In this way, it is intended to provide a solution to those people who have problems with this work. The only channel to contact the laundry outsourcing service will be purely digital as it is expected to take advantage of the growing demand for services that are requested through alternative channels. Finally, the project will have an initial investment of S /. 15,656 to be able to start performing your operations in a versatile and accessible way. Said investment will be recovered during the second half of the first year of operations. / Trabajo de investigación