<p> In 1994 Congress enacted the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which in part gave the Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division (DOJCRD) the power to investigate local law enforcement agencies for Constitutional and civil rights violations. Researchers have found these investigations are expensive, time consuming, and highly intrusive to a law enforcement agency. To understand how these investigations are impacting communities, data were gathered on cities with local law enforcement agencies that have experienced an investigation by the DOJCRD. Using a quasi-experimental, multiple time-series research design with a paired samples <i>t</i>-test, the dependent variables (violent crime and arrest rates) were analyzed for any differences before and after the introduction of the independent variable (the commencement of a DOJCRD investigation). With an established <i> a</i> = .05, adjusting for non-reported crime, and comparing to a non-equivalent control variable (national crime rate), the research findings indicate increased violent crime with the commencement of these investigations. The results also show that arrest rates significantly decreased indicating the possibility of de-policing. The negative impact to communities with increased violent crime rates and decreased arrest rates calls into question the efficacy of DOJCRD investigations. By supporting the recommendation for Congress to repeal this power given to the DOJCRD, this research can lead to positive social change by preventing federal government intrusion into local government that is negatively impacting communities.</p><p>

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in stress from associated with the occupation of law enforcement exists across the officers' relationship domains. The sample consisted of 51 participants that was comprised of both law enforcement officers and their significant others. Unlike past studies, this study included those that were married, divorced, in a civil union, single, or cohabitating. Based on past research it was hypothesized that the stress placed on officers and their significant other would be higher than that of other relationships. An anonymous survey was sent out to a several departments. Separate one-way between subjects Analysis of Variances (ANOVAs) were conducted to compare the effects of stress on law enforcements officers and their relationships. There was no significant effect of stress found in regards to the occupation itself as it pertained to the relationship (F(1, 48) = 0.99, p = 0.32). There was no significance of stress felt in regards to the individuals relationship on its own (F(1, 48) = 1.62, p =0.21).

This study addresses the role of Cold War-era American law enforcement and intelligence institutions in shaping U.S. grand strategy and carrying out paramilitary operations. It examines American civil-military relations through the formal and informal relationships between the U.S. military, private organizations, and American law enforcement personnel within a framework I call “associational defense.” The concept provides a framework for observing and comprehending the existence of an American garrison state. While police institutions are civil institutions and not military organizations, law enforcement possessed a paramilitary mission throughout the Cold War and into the War on Drugs and the Global War on Terrorism. During the 1950s, under the National Security Council’s 1290-d Program, later renamed the Overseas Internal Security Program in 1957, American police officers at the municipal, state, and federal levels engaged in numerous joint overseas operations, supported the U.S. Military Assistance Program, independently trained foreign police recruits in countersubversive strategies, and helped develop global intelligence networks. By the end of 1962, more than 200 agencies and departments of the U.S. federal government assisted in training international police forces, supported by 63 state, 34 county, 276 municipal police and government agencies, and 203 civilian organizations.

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Foreword / Hans Toch -- Introduction / David Polizzi, Michael Braswell -- A phenomenological approach to criminology / Christopher M. Aanstoos -- Phenomenological and existential approaches to crime and corrections / Hayden Smith, Kenneth Adams -- Offender objectification : implications for social change / John S. Ryals, Jr. -- Theorizing criminalized subjectivities : narrating silenced identities / Dawn Moore -- Dialogue : a unique perspective for correctional counseling / Matthew R. Draper, Mark S. Green, Ginger Faulkner -- The good lives model : a strength-based approach to offender rehabilitation / Tony Ward and Clare-Ann Fortune -- Transforming corrections through psychological jurisprudence redux : towards a radical philosophical and cultural critique / Bruce A. Arrigo -- Mutual respect and effective prison management / Terry A. Kupers -- Civility in prisons : a radical proposal / Catherine A. Jenks, John Randolph Fuller -- Varieties of restorative justice : therapeutic interventions in context / Lana A. McDowell, John T. Whitehead -- Ambiguous loss, concrete hope : examining the prison experience for mothers from an ambiguous loss framework / Beth Easterling -- How the "positive" can influence criminal behavior : growing out of criminal spin by positive criminology approaches / Natti Ronel and Dana Segev -- Correctional treatment and the human spirit : the context of relationship / Michael Braswell, Kristin Wells -- Psycho-spiritual roots of adolescent violence : the importance of rites of passage / Drake Spaeth -- Transforming meaning : the nexus between the utilization of the Rogerian framework and the social construction of pedophilic sex offenders / Roger Schaefer -- Developing therapeutic trust with court-ordered clients / David Polizzi -- Epilogue : toward a more humanistic future in corrections / David Polizzi. / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1073/thumbnail.jpg

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"Outsourcing Small Wars: Expanding the Role of Private Military Companies in U.S. Military Operations" argues that, under current domestic and international laws, and current military regulations and doctrine, the U.S. Army could, with only a few uniformed personnel, employ a force consisting of predominately private military companies (PMCs) to fight a non-vital interest U.S. small war. This work identifies a historical U.S. willingness to outsource operations that are traditionally conducted by its uniformed military; categorizes outsourcing as surrogate warfare and, therefore, manageable by U.S. Army Special Forces; addresses some of the risks involved with outsourcing; and analyzes the legal environment in which PMCs operate in today today's environment. The recommendation from this thesis includes an illustration of how a Special Forces-led private military force should be organized, paying particular attention to the key components of the contract.

As a Navy Working Capital Fund (NWCF) activity Space and Naval Warfare (SPAWAR) Systems Center Charleston is faced with many unique and challenging business prospects. As a government activity with government employees, SPAWAR Charleston is uniquely aligned and charged to support the objectives and needs of its government customers by Congress. A NWCF activity is also a non-appropriated government entity that must rely, as any commercial sector business, on continued funding streams on a year to year basis. Unlike a commercial entity however, there are strict legal limits to how and what kinds of work SPAWAR Charleston can acquire and perform. Given these unique circumstances, it is difficult to directly fit commercial management and measurement practices to SPAWAR Charleston or too many other Department of Defense activities. As SPAWAR Charleston continues to grow and expand its business base, it must be able to provide outstanding value to its customers while fulfilling its fiduciary responsibilities to the tax payers. New ways must be found to quantify, to measure and to take action on similar but different business factors than those used in the traditional commercial sector. This research focuses on the adaptation of commercial customer and employee loyalty measurement to a NWCF activity.

CHDS State/Local / Within the last three years, Homeland Security (HLS) has emerged as a new focus for local law enforcement agencies throughout the nation. While local police must effectively address community needs associated with crime and quality of life, they are also now on the front lines of the nation's battle against the forces of international terrorism. Using existing knowledge (derived primarily from the emergency management field), police agencies have worked to develop locally relevant, viable and available expertise in the developing field of HLS. If federal estimates are accurate, however, a critical mass of these experts will retire within the next five years. As these organizational experts approach retirement, their communities will be forced to deal with the consequences of an exodus of fundamental knowledge, experience and expertise. Police organizations will be challenged to continue the efficient delivery of homeland security services absent the experts who were instrumental in developing the field. Existing research in Knowledge Management (KM) may offer some guidance to managing this problem. KM seeks to offer organizational guidance on how to identify knowledge generation processes and then leverage, maintain and manage knowledge assets within an organization. This thesis seeks to explore the potential application of KM theories to the real challenges faced by local police agencies in the National Capitol Region as they attempt to effectively engage HLS management. / Assistant Chief of Police/Investigative Services, Montgomery County Department of Police