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鋼琴，樂器之王；李斯特，鋼琴之王。他以目眩神迷的鋼琴技巧、誇張的表現力、優美的歌唱旋律征服所有人。詩人杜甫曾說過：「讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神。」。筆者認為李斯特則是「彈琴破萬次，音樂如有神。」。在鋼琴之王李斯特七十五年的生涯中，所創作的音樂作品包羅萬象。這些形形色色的鋼琴作品中，大致上可分為原創性作品及改編作品，本篇論文探討的作品屬於原創性作品。李斯特一生中創作兩首敘事曲，第一號敘事曲創作於1848年，完成於1849年； b小調第二號敘事曲，創作於1853年也完成於同一年。鋼琴家阿勞（Claudio Arrau, 1903-1991）曾經在霍洛維茲（Vladimir Horowitz, 1903-1989）所著的《與鋼琴家阿勞的對話》（Conversations with Arrau）中表示李斯特《第二號敘事曲》是遵照「席洛與黎安德」（Hero and Leander）的愛情故事來描寫的。李斯特在《第二號敘事曲》中賦予這個故事新的生命，運用主題變形的手法描繪黎安德以及席落在故事裡的性格以及種種感受。由於筆者受到此神話故事的感動，因此想要以音樂的角度來體會其故事中角色的變化與情境。 / Piano is the king of musical instruments; Liszt, the king of the piano. His brilliant techniques on piano, exaggerated expressions in music and beautiful melody have conquered all the people. A great Chinese poet Du Fu once said, “Read wild, and you will wisely write.” The author sincerely believes that Liszt’s works have the same vein“Practice wild and you will wisely play.” In his 75 years’ career, he has composed all sorts of piano works. In these works, they in general can be classified into two types: originals and transcriptions. The paper investigated the original one. Liszt composed two ballades during his life: Ballade No.1 was composed in 1848 and completed in 1849 while Ballade No.2 in b minor was composed and accomplished in 1853. Pianist Claude Arrau, in the book “Conversation with Arrau” written by Valdimir Horowitz（1903-1989）, once claimed “Liszt’s Ballade No.2 was based on a Greek mythology also known as a love story– Hero and Leander. Touched by the mythology, the author would like to experience the scenarios of those characters in the mythology in the context of music. / 中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………………I Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………II 目錄………………………………………………………………………………………………………………III 表目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………………………VI 圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ 譜例目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ 第一章緒論………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 第一節研究動機與目的…………………………………………………………………………………1 第二節研究範圍與方法…………………………………………………………………………………3 第二章李斯特的時代………………………………………………………………………………………4 第一節浪漫主義興起與時代背景…………………………………………………………………4 第二節李斯特生平與鋼琴作品分期………………………………………………………………7 第三節李斯特的炫技與對鋼琴技巧貢獻……………………………………………………20 第三章李斯特《b小調第二號敘事曲》創作背景探討……………………………35 第一節敘事曲歷史發展簡述…………………………………………………………………………35 第二節創作背景及神話故事…………………………………………………………………………39 第四章李斯特《b小調第二號敘事曲》樂曲分析與演奏詮釋………………43 第一節呈示部……………………………………………………………………………………………………46 第二節發展部……………………………………………………………………………………………………52 第三節再現部……………………………………………………………………………………………………69 第五章結論…………………………………………………………………………………………………………80 參考書目……………………………………………………………………………………………………………89

ix, 213 p. / The attacks on the United States of September 11, 2001, prompted scholars in a variety of fields, such as history, philosophy and literature, to re-examine the topic of terrorism, including the emergence of terrorism in West Germany in the 1960s and 1970s. The challenges that arise when dealing with the topic of terrorism derive in part from a lack of consensus on a definition for terrorists and terrorist attacks. One element that I found in my research is that there is a connection between terrorism and communication. This dissertation examines that connection in Volker Schlöndorff's filmDie Stille nach dem Schuss Gregor Schnitzler's film Was tun wenn's brennt Leander Scholz's novel Rosenfestand Ulrike Edschmid's biographical narrativesFrau mit Waffe: Zwei Geschichten aus terroristischen Zeitenin the context of Speech Act Theory. The films and texts show how West German terrorism is represented as a form of communication, through which fictional terrorists are trying to accomplish the impossible statement "I hereby persuade you." The act of persuasion has an element of freedom, because one can either be persuaded or not. However, the terrorists represented in the works mentioned above want to eliminate the element of choice and force the interlocutor to be persuaded. In order to achieve this they introduce violence, which in turn causes them to be labeled as terrorists. The more they try to use violence to achieve their goals, the more they cement their condemnation as terrorists. This dissertation frames its investigation within ideas about performative speech acts, concepts of power, violence, identity and discussions about "terrorist" narratives in German literature and film. / Committee in charge: Susan C. Anderson， Chairperson； Alexander Mathäs， Member； Dorothee Ostmeier， Member； Bonnie Mann， Outside Member

This master thesis explores the image of Japan in the artistic creations during Japonism in Sweden. Japan and Sweden first started trading in 1868 and knowledge about Japan in Sweden were limited at best. With the emergence of the Western art movement known as Japonism, ranging from 1858 to 1914, fascination for the unknown country grew in Europe. As the art movement Japonism became the first era of interest of Japan in Sweden, the portrayal and subsequent image of the country that emerged during this time is of interest to examine, as to better understand how Japan was imagined by Sweden. Herein, this study aims to analyse the portrayal of Japan in artworks from Swedish artists during Japonism in order to examine what components and ideas composed the image of Japan conveyed during Japonism. A collection of visual artworks depicting Japanese elements, based on Japonism associated artists and creators, have been collected using digital archives and databases to assess what is depicted and how by the creators. Japanese elements, such as objects, clothes, people and landscapes were subsequently analysed using a visual analysis based on researcher Jules David Prown’s three-step method of analysing historical objects. Using the concept of the image, as defined by scholar Torsten Burgman, as the basis of the analysis the depictions of Japanese elements are examined and categorised into several larger and smaller components. The examination is conducted within a framework of ethnocentrism and orientalism to contextualise the image of Japan with the thought structures in 19th century Sweden, as the creators portrayed Japan from both a Swedish and Western Eurocentric colonial perspective. As the source material is artistic depictions, an additional aesthetic framework was applied to contextualise the image of Japan with its artistic medium. Four major image components were found in the material: Japan presented as a commodity; Japanese things as something feminine; Japan as something faraway and exotic, contrasting the West; and Japan as a reference or commentary on the ongoing Japonism movement. The image of Japan found in these depictions of Swedish Japonism was a Eurocentric and ethnocentric understanding of the country. Japan and Japanese things, were imagined as something exotic and beautiful, and usually conveyed as exotic commercial flair for Western women.

Die Familienlinien Schlegel waren seit Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts nachweisbar in die Stadt Altenburg involviert, hatten teilweise durchaus die Geschicke und die Geschichte der Stadt mitgetragen und beeinflusst. In der Zeit um 1800 existierten zwei bedeutende Schlegel-Linien in Altenburg, die des Instrumentenfabrikanten Elias Schlegel (1750 Prößdorf - 1805 Baalsdorf) und die der Rotgießer-Familie Schlegel, die mit Melchior Schlegel (1746 Ungarn - 1805 Altenburg) in der Stadt ansässig wurde. Dessen Sohn David Schlegel (* 17. Okt. 1769, † 4. Dez. 1850) führte die Linie als Gelbgießermeister in Altenburg weiter. Sein ältester Sohn war Hermann Schlegel (1804 Altenburg - 1884 Leiden). Hermann Schlegel, befreundet mit dem Ornithologen Brehm, wurde zu einem bedeutenden europäischen Gelehrten, der noch nicht 18-jährig seine Geburtsstadt Altenburg verließ, um über die Stationen Dresden und Wien in Leiden/Holland am Reichsmuseum Präparator und Konservator zu werden und sich zu einem der verdientesten Ornithologen und Zoologen seiner Zeit hochzuarbeiten. Sein Schaffen wurde begünstigt durch die Forschungsreisenden und ihre Neuentdeckungen der Tier- und Pflanzenwelt in den Kolonien der Niederlande. Er wurde als Naturwissenschaftler schließlich Professor und Direktor des „Königlichen Niederländischen Reichsmuseums für Naturgeschichte“ in Leiden. Unter seiner Leitung und Neuordnung entwickelte sich das Reichsmuseum zu einer der größten und bedeutendsten Einrichtungen Europas, zu einem Institut von Weltruf. Er hatte enge Kontakte zu berühmten Zeitgenossen, die seinen wissenschaftlichen Rat und seine Bekanntschaft suchten. Schlegel wurde bereits zu Lebzeiten als einer der letzten universellen Naturwissenschaftler hochgeschätzt und hatte sich, in seinem fast 60-jährigen Wirken an einer der größten Museen Europas, höchste Anerkennung und Ruhm in der Fachwelt erworben. Seine Söhne wurden ebenfalls zu Berühmtheiten. Sein ältester Sohn Gustav (auch: Gustaaf, 1840-1903) war ein berühmter Sinologe und hatte eine Professur an der Universität Leiden inne, der jüngste Sohn Leander (1844-1913) studierte in Leipzig Musik und war ein niederländischer Pianist, Direktor einer Musikschule und Komponist in Haarlem / Nordholland.