Orientador: Lourdes de la Rosa Onuchic / Banca: Geraldo Perez / Banca: Edna Maura Zuffi / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal verificar se a Metodologia de Ensino- Aprendizagem-Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas constitui-se num bom caminho alternativo para a construção de conceitos e conteúdos trigonométricos pelos alunos do Ensino Médio. Dentro da Educação Matemática, atualmente, o ensinoaprendizagem- avaliação de Matemática através da resolução de problemas é visto como uma metodologia alternativa, que visa a um trabalho centrado no aluno, a partir de problemas geradores de novos conceitos e novos conteúdos matemáticos, levando-o a construir um conhecimento matemático através da resolução de problemas. Nessa metodologia, o aluno participa ativamente da construção do conhecimento com a orientação e supervisão do professor que, somente no final desse processo de construção, formaliza as idéias construídas, utilizando notação e terminologia corretas. As unidades temáticas trabalhadas com os alunos foram Conceitos básicos e Trigonometria no triângulo retângulo; A circunferência e arcos trigonométricos e Funções Trigonométricas e resolução de triângulos quaisquer. Constatei que, ao trabalhar com esta metodologia, em sala de aula houve um aumento na motivação, tanto da professora em ensinar quanto dos alunos em aprender. Além disso, em muitas oportunidades, foi possível observar os alunos relacionando suas atividades com alguns tópicos já trabalhados anteriormente. Todos esses fatos, retratados em minha aplicação, reforçam fortemente a relevância desse trabalho. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada neste trabalho é a Metodologia de Romberg. / Abstract: This thesis has as main goal the verification if the teaching-learning-assessment of Mathematics Methodology through the Problem Solving approach is a good alternative way to the construction of trigonometric concepts and contents by high school students. Currently, within Mathematics Education, teaching-learning-assessment of Mathematics through problems solving is seen as an alternative methodology, which aims to work in a student centered way, from problems that might produce new mathematics concepts and contents, leading them to construct mathematics knowledge through problem-solving. Within this methodology, students participate actively in the construction of knowledge with the teacher orientation and supervision who formalize the constructed ideas just at the end of this construction process, using right notation and terminology. The thematic units worked on with the students were: Basic concepts and trigonometry in the right-angled triangle; Circles and trigonometric arcs and Trigonometric functions and solution of problems involving general triangles. I have realized that, working with this methodology, there were a motivation increase in the classroom, both for the teacher to teach, and the students to learn. Furthermore, it was possible to see, in many opportunities, the students connecting their activities with some topics that had already been worked on. All those events happened in my research application, strongly reinforce the relevance of this work. The research methodology adopted in this work is the Romberg’s one. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:11:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 huamanhuanca_rr_me_rcla.pdf: 2747717 bytes, checksum: 524fc14b4631e834d79514b5267d0a67 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal verificar se a Metodologia de Ensino- Aprendizagem-Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas constitui-se num bom caminho alternativo para a construção de conceitos e conteúdos trigonométricos pelos alunos do Ensino Médio. Dentro da Educação Matemática, atualmente, o ensinoaprendizagem- avaliação de Matemática através da resolução de problemas é visto como uma metodologia alternativa, que visa a um trabalho centrado no aluno, a partir de problemas geradores de novos conceitos e novos conteúdos matemáticos, levando-o a construir um conhecimento matemático através da resolução de problemas. Nessa metodologia, o aluno participa ativamente da construção do conhecimento com a orientação e supervisão do professor que, somente no final desse processo de construção, formaliza as idéias construídas, utilizando notação e terminologia corretas. As unidades temáticas trabalhadas com os alunos foram Conceitos básicos e Trigonometria no triângulo retângulo; A circunferência e arcos trigonométricos e Funções Trigonométricas e resolução de triângulos quaisquer. Constatei que, ao trabalhar com esta metodologia, em sala de aula houve um aumento na motivação, tanto da professora em ensinar quanto dos alunos em aprender. Além disso, em muitas oportunidades, foi possível observar os alunos relacionando suas atividades com alguns tópicos já trabalhados anteriormente. Todos esses fatos, retratados em minha aplicação, reforçam fortemente a relevância desse trabalho. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada neste trabalho é a Metodologia de Romberg. / This thesis has as main goal the verification if the teaching-learning-assessment of Mathematics Methodology through the Problem Solving approach is a good alternative way to the construction of trigonometric concepts and contents by high school students. Currently, within Mathematics Education, teaching-learning-assessment of Mathematics through problems solving is seen as an alternative methodology, which aims to work in a student centered way, from problems that might produce new mathematics concepts and contents, leading them to construct mathematics knowledge through problem-solving. Within this methodology, students participate actively in the construction of knowledge with the teacher orientation and supervision who formalize the constructed ideas just at the end of this construction process, using right notation and terminology. The thematic units worked on with the students were: Basic concepts and trigonometry in the right-angled triangle; Circles and trigonometric arcs and Trigonometric functions and solution of problems involving general triangles. I have realized that, working with this methodology, there were a motivation increase in the classroom, both for the teacher to teach, and the students to learn. Furthermore, it was possible to see, in many opportunities, the students connecting their activities with some topics that had already been worked on. All those events happened in my research application, strongly reinforce the relevance of this work. The research methodology adopted in this work is the Romberg s one.

Magister Educationis - MEd / South Africa has undergone major transformation after the election of the first democratic government in 1994. The acceptance of a humane constitution as well as equal rights for all its citizens necessitated the banning of corporal punishment in all schools under the South African Schools Act 84 of 1996. Accordingly, this change in the education policy as well as a change in society regarding equal rights for all citizens required teachers to adjust and improve their practices related to classroom management and discipline. The abolition of corporal punishment in 1996 (South African Schools Act 84 of 1996) can thus be regarded as such a changed aspect which required teachers to find alternative ways of keeping discipline in schools. It is expected from teachers to manage learning in classrooms, while at the same time practise and promote a critical, committed and ethical attitude towards the development of a sense of respect and responsibility amongst learners. It is with this in mind that one should remember that classroom locations and environments are complex as well as dynamic. Learners can now use their rights in a court of law while at the same time become more unruly, disruptive and at times even violent. Teachers on the other hand are left with limited alternative procedures or guidelines to manage unruly learners. As such, teachers now rely on their own informal learning in order to deal with such learners since alternatives to manage ill-disciplined learners are not included in formative teacher training courses. This study therefore concerns itself with the way teachers acquire classroom management skills in the absence of corporal punishment and learn how to deal with behavioural problems in order to carry on with day-to-day classroom activities. This is essentially viewed as informal learning. Because of the absence of much-needed training and support from educational authorities, teachers adjust and improve their practice, relying on hands-on experience in classrooms since they only incidentally receive opportunities to engage in ongoing formal professional development. This study explores the nature and content of informal/incidental as well as nonformal (courses not leading to formal accreditation) teachers learning related to managing classroom discipline in the absence of corporal punishment and investigates how skills, to manage classroom discipline, impact on the learning and teaching enterprise. A qualitative approach within the interpretive paradigm was followed throughout this study. Unstructured interviews were used to gather data which resulted in the gaining of rich detailed descriptions of participants responses to acquiring classroom management skills. This qualitative investigation included a literature review that explored and analysed different perspectives on the learning process. This study confirms that teachers acquire classroom management and discipline skills through workplace learning, initiated by themselves as well as collaboratively through interaction with colleagues and learners. Learning within the workplace was possible due to the opportunities they were afforded within the working context they found themselves in. / South Africa

This research aims to understand critically the activity of teaching and learning of History in a public school of São Paulo state, in Brazil, and its relation to a formation of citizen students. The goal is on the comprehension and critical analysis about the paper of the teachers creating a personal meeting to share the meanings, possibiliting the anticipation of students, and not only the transmission of knowledge without goals. It was realized in a public school, in Mauá city. The students involved was in a third grade, in high school, they study at night. The questions about learning and teaching of History are discussed basing in Bittencourt (1988/1990, 1997/2006), Fonseca (2003, 2004, 2007/2009) e Kuenzer (2004) that points to criticize expositive classes justifying this like a problem that makes the students have a passive position in History classes and in their lives. The learning-teaching process is understood like a social-historic activity culturally situated, focusing a paper of language in the social interaction in the introduction of learning. The theory is based in TASHC- Social Historic cultural Activity theory. According to a Vygotskian theory (1925/2004, 1930/2004, 1930a/1991, 1934/2001), Leontiev (1978) and Engeström (1987, 1999 ,2001). The metodology adopted is a critical collaboration research, according discussed by Magalhães (1994/2007, 1998b/2007, 2003/2007, 2004, 2009p),it is a intervention research focused in the comprehension of context and collaborative production of actions that aims the cohesion of groups, harmonious intimacy and the power of the people that participated of the research. The results reveal that the change in the mediated action, that are in function of needs of perceiving , act and understanding the objective reality, stimulating the exercise of citizen action more participative and critical.

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / The COVID-19 pandemic challenged higher education institutions to close their campuses for the purpose of managing and controlling the spread of the coronavirus during the national lockdown. Institutions had to migrate from blended learning and teaching to emergency online learning and teaching only, posing challenges to the learning experiences of student social workers. This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of student social workers and educators regarding online learning and teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the influence of socioeconomic factors on student social workers’ academic experiences.

This qualitative study looks into some Kenyan school teachers strategies in the multilingual environment they work in. The school of this study uses a foreign language as the medium of instruction, instead of the mother tongue culturally spoken by both teachers and students. It presents some of the strategies observed and at the same time looks closely into the possible positive and negative outcomes it has on the students learning. It also looks into the reason for why the medium of instruction is another than mother tongue and the cultural effects of this. By observations and interviews data has been collected and presented aiming to show the teachers thoughts about their working situation, and also their thoughts about their role in the classroom.

A recente explosão do conhecimento da genética molecular e o avanço da indústria da biotecnologia requerem que o público compreenda muitos conceitos da genética para a tomada de decisões sobre a pertinência do uso dessas novas ferramentas. Durante os últimos 30 anos a literatura educacional produziu conceitos e teorias para lidar com estas dificuldades, mas a maioria dos professores desconhece estas produções, principalmente porque os periódicos de referência são publicados em línguas estrangeiras (principalmente em inglês). Esta pesquisa-ação pretende preencher esta lacuna e foi baseada em testes que envolveram 283 estudantes de 12 a 15 anos de idade. Nela descrevemos as concepções dos estudantes sobre a localização e transmissão da informação genética antes e após a aplicação de uma seqüência didática elaborada especificamente para desenvolver estratégias metacognitivas de aprendizagem. As idéias dos estudantes foram colhidas por meio dos questionários e redações, nas quais os estudantes descrevem como imaginam ser o interior das células e dos gametas. Verificamos que as crianças do ensino fundamental possuem concepções semelhantes àquelas descritas para estudantes do ensino médio. A comparação das redações produzidas pelos estudantes antes e após a aplicação da seqüência didática permitiu verificar que o padrão mais comum de aprendizagem é sincrético, ou seja, as crianças tendem a distorcer as informações oferecidas pelo professor em virtude da existência de conhecimentos prévios. Por fim, a descrição e a documentação de seqüências didáticas planejadas a partir de conhecimentos produzidos na literatura educacional permitem o entendimento dos processos de transposição didática e a relação deste com a aprendizagem dos estudantes. / The recent knowledge explosion on the areas of genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology introduced many new concepts hard for common people to grasp in their decision-making processes. During the last 30 years or so the educational literature produced concepts and theories to cope with these difficulties but the vast majority of our elementary and highschool teachers remain unaware of them possibly because the available literature is written in foreign languages (mainly in English). The action-research here presented intends to fill this gap and was based on tests performed with 283 students aged 12 to 15. We describe their conceptions on the location and transmission of genetic information before and after the application of a didactic sequence specifically elaborated to develop metacognitive learning strategies. The students\' ideas were gathered by means of questionnaires and through essays describing how they imagine the interior of cells and germ-cells. We verified that children on basic educational level have conceptions very similar to those of students of middle-level education. The paired comparison of before and after essays suggests the existence of a common, syncretic learning standard. In plain language, the results indicate that previous informal knowledge of children tends to distort the formal information transmitted by their teachers. It is clear that the description and documentation of planned didactic sequences, available from the specialized literature, provide the understanding of the didactic transposition process and its relation with the students´ learning process.

Government initiatives for strengthening the safety of the United States led to increased requirements for military linguists' knowledge of foreign languages. This study explored the development of professional training for instructors at a military language school to address the gap in teaching services. The purpose of this single case study was to explore best teaching practices for engaging adult students' foreign language learning following andragogical principles. Knowles's theory of andragogy provided the conceptual framework. Data were collected using anonymous responses to an online survey from 26 instructors who answered 3 open-ended questions. Data were analyzed by coding answers to the research question and indicated that approximately one third of participants preferred language-centered practices for engaging their students' foreign language learning. Another third of the respondents noted learner-centered approaches, and the remainder listed both language- and learner-centered approaches among best teaching practices. The proposed curriculum might facilitate discussion about the benefits of each approach to promote teaching and learning at the site. Participating in suggested training that is grounded in the theory of andragogy and local data may bring about positive change by advancing instructors' expertise, improving educational services, and resulting in increased students' proficiency.

This exploratory research investigates students’ responses to innovative instructional methods, focusing primarily on identifying the barriers that discourage students from engaging with methods that are new or not expected. The instructional methods explored are examples of learning-centred teaching and assessment methods, and are considered to be innovative since they are not yet widely used in higher education. To investigate this issue, literature from organizational change management, resistance to change, and higher education is reviewed. Gaps from the higher education literature suggest that no comprehensive framework or model exists regarding students’ barriers to engaging with innovative, learning-centred instructional methods. Additionally, few studies compare faculty member and student perceptions, clarify whether the instructional methods studied are innovative for the students, or apply theories and concepts from the change management literature. This research attempts to address these gaps. Case study methodology is selected to enable a detailed study of a course that employs innovative instructional methods. A modified grounded theory approach is used to inform both research instrument design and data analyses. Data are collected from multiple sources and via multiple methods, and both thematic and comparative analyses are presented. Overall, support is found for the four research propositions posed. The students’ barriers fall into eight key themes, and comprise various codes and properties to provide further understanding. The saliency of the codes appears to vary by time of term and type of instructional method. Other relevant factors include: the students’ year of study and amount of instructional variety, the academic discipline and culture of the innovative course, and misalignments between the students’ and instructor’s perceptions of the barriers to change. The value of course evaluation data as feedback about innovative courses is also questioned. Finally, connections are made between the findings and the Reasoned Action Approach theory for future possible research. The findings provide a new comprehensive barrier framework, analytic fishbone tool, and testable theory to help guide the development of future research projects. Additionally, future practitioners – both faculty members and educational developers – can benefit from knowing what factors to consider when planning for and confronting student resistance to innovative instructional methods.

Mathematics is perceived as a difficult subject to many students internationally and Sweden ranks among EU/OECD countries that perform poorly, cited in the TIMSS 2007 assessments. The aim of this essay is to investigate the causes of the poor performance in Mathematics in many of Swedish Secondary schools and it will contribute to the solutions of this problem. The framework of this essay takes into consideration issues on; school curriculum, instruction of knowledge by teachers, construction of knowledge by students, their interactions and experiences in the situation of learning. Teaching methods have been seen as the starting point upon which students can be invited to carry out communications, reasoning and arguments in mathematics. This can be useful in developing capabilities of solving mathematical problems as recommended in Secondary School regulations book. The interviewed teachers’ experiences and approaches in selecting teaching methods have been interpreted to correspond with students’ involvement in learning mathematics. The essay has found out that there is a positive effect on understanding mathematics if teachers can select teaching methods that suits a specific object of learning. This however, has left one disturbing question for further researchers to answer; to whether it is enough for highly motivated and hard working students to study mathematics based on memorized wisdom (ideas) as it does not promote mathematical awareness.