Cette étude cherche à montrer de quelle façon une expérience socio-historique est incorporée à une œuvre littéraire et lui donne forme en devenant matière de sa composition. A partir des contradictions vécues par le peuple libanais dans leur mouvement de diaspora au Brésil, nous prétendons vérifier comment elles sont assimilées dans le cadre d’une création esthétique où elles sont symbolisées à différents degrés par le langage. Notre travail a pour objet d’analyser le roman Lavoura Arcaica de Raduan Nassar, publié en 1975. En partant de la contradiction centrale imposée par une réalité historique singulière, celle de l’immigration, régie par deux forces identiques et opposées, l’une endogène et l’autre exogène, le roman projette les effets de sa tension permanente. Ces effets se traduiront par des dédoublements qui, engendrant à chaque fois une nouvelle ambivalence contradictoire, attribuent au roman nassarien sa caractéristique la plus marquante. La poursuite de notre recherche nous mènera alors vers une configuration tragique imposée par un double commandement insoluble, ce dernier étant entièrement concentré sur le protagoniste romanesque. Face à une crise irréversible qui s’empare du récit, l’inceste surgit à la fois comme une réponse démesurée d’obéissance à la loi paternelle et comme une façon maligne de renverser l’ordre autoritaire d’un contexte patriarcal. Afin de cerner le jeu d’inversions proposé par le récit de Nassar nous ferons appel principalement aux études théoriques de Friedrich Nietzche, Jean-Pierre Vernant, Jacques Derrida, Marcel Mauss et René Girard. / This study intent to reveal how a socio-historical experience can be incorporated in a literally work shaping its form and becoming its content. Taking the contradictions into account experienced by Lebanese people regarding the moviment of the diaspora towards Brazil, we intent to verify how they were assimilated in the frames of an esthetic creation being simbolyzed by different levels of language. Our work aims analyse Raduan Nassar’s Lavoura Arcaica published in 1975. Since the central contradiction imposed by a singular historic reality, the Lebanese diaspora conducted by two identical and opposite strenghts, one endogenous and the other exogenous, the effects of this permanet tension are projected in the romance. These effects were translated by duplication that every time engenders a new contradictory ambivalence giving to the Nassar’s romance its most significant characterist. Our study will then lead us to a tragic configuration imposed by an insoluble double command, focused on its extensive totality on the romantic protagonist. Faced with an irreversible crisis that takes hold of the story, incest arises both as an excessive response to obedience to paternal law and as a malignant way to overthrow the authoritarian order of a patriarchal context. In order to define the set of inversions proposed by Nassar's narrative, we will mainly call upon the theoretical studies of Friedrich Nietzche, Jean-Pierre Vernant, Jacques Derrida, Marcel Mauss and René Girard.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the educational outcomes of Lebanese-background students in high schools in South-western Sydney, and to investigate some of the factors contributing to their pattern of achievement. The main thrust of this study is to empirically examine in detail two factors which are strong contributors to school achievement. The first is the motivational goals of these students. The second is the Language proficiency of Lebanese-background students in their first language (Arabic) and their second lanaguage (English). The study involves quantitative analyses of two sets of questionnaires administered to all the Year 9 students in three South-western metropolitan Sydney high schools. The Year 10 School Certificate results of this same group of students was then used to measure their level of achievement. Four groups were established for comparison: the non-Lebanese-, English-, Chinese- and Vietnamese- background groups. This study is contextualized within a discussion of some of the family factors which contribute to the achievement of migrant children in schools. Of particular relevance to Lebanese-background students are the socio-economic and educational background of parents, and the historical and social context of the Lebanese in Australia. The thesis concludes by putting forth some recommendations which involve the collaborative efforts of the home, the school and the community, suggesting that part of the solution lies in this collaborative effort. Boundaries can be crossed and stereotypes changed only through a concerted effort by the three sides / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The overall purpose of this thesis is to analyze the impact of the Palestinian refugees on Lebanese politics. The role of the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon is discussed within the framework of explaining the political character of the Lebanese state. In this context the Lebanese state&rsquo / s perception concerning the Palestinians refugees in Lebanon is analyzed through explaining the living conditions of the refugees and the Palestinian military and political activities in Lebanon as well as the restrictions of the Lebanese laws and regulations on the Palestinian refugees. It is argued that the Lebanese state follows discriminitary policies against the existence of the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon.

Languages that borrow Arabic words often incorporate redundant, non-lexical material (Myers Scotton 2002, Rouchdy 2002). Examples can be drawn from words of Arabic origin in the Portuguese language (Kaye 2004, Corriente 1992). The aim of this study is to explore different aspects language variation due to language contact and transfer. This study takes into consideration loanword adaptations and examines three generations of Lebanese-Brazilians living and São Paulo. While many factors account for phonological variation in the production of Brazilian Portuguese, one of the goals of this study is to show how prior language experiences can influence variation in the perception and production of another. In exploring three generations in the Lebanese-Brazilian community of São Paulo, Brazil, first-generation immigrants are believed to have more variability in their spoken Portuguese, with this variability extending to loanwords of Arabic origin. Subsequent generations are believed have less access to the Arabic language, and have less variability in their spoken Portuguese, however are expected to experience some influence of Arabic when perceiving and producing words of Arabic origin. / text

This thesis inquires into anti-humanist trends in Lebanese literature of the civil war and post-war period by examining the limit concept of the animal in three novelistic works: Beirut Nightmares [Kawābīs Bayrūt] (1976) by Ghādah Sammān, Yalo (2002) by Elias Khoury, and The Tiller of Waters [Ḥārith al-miyāh] (1998) by Hudá Barakāt. Marking a departure in previous critical work done on this body of literature, which has been dominated by trauma theory as an analytical framework, this thesis employs an innovative synthesis of narrative theory and affect theory to describe how the authors utilize narrative to humanize the war experience, thereby mitigating the effects of contingency and fragmentation on the narrative subject. After the collapse of the state, the human being is separated from its political form, leaving it perilously exposed to acts of violence. It may also, however, carry out aggressions on its fellow man with impunity. Both of these terrible aspects of man’s nature in wartime are understood conventionally as exposing a beast within man, since they radically undermine the precepts of moral value and self-sovereignty that constitute the pillars of humanism. Through acts of “composition” the first person narrators of these novels strive to insulate their affective core from participating in ambient currents of violence, which are viewed as a kind of contamination understood as “becoming-animal.” While implicating the subject in a participation that is other-than-human, these animal becomings are also, following Deleuze and Guttari, ways of attaining a new vitality and escaping the hierarchical symbolic power of logos. Use of this animal figure allows the authors to rethink the human in ways that does not assume a fixed humanist ontology. For Sammān, the animal represents a principle of vitality that allows her protagonist to overcome human sources of inertia, such as melancholic memories or ingrained habit, thereby preserving the authentic voice of the writerly self. For Khoury and Barakāt, the animal permits them to foreground the figure of the subaltern who stands in a minoritarian relation to logos. They also propose a post-humanist ethos of co-presence based on the affective subject’s receptivity and vulnerability; its capacity to both affect and be affected. / text

Par cette recherche, nous voulons évaluer de manière exhaustive les bénéfices qu’apporte l’ExAO (Expérimentation Assistée par Ordinateur) dans les laboratoires scolaires de sciences et technologie au Liban. Nous aimerions aussi qu’elle contribue d’une manière tangible aux recherches du laboratoire de Robotique Pédagogique de l’Université de Montréal, notamment dans le développement du µlaboratoire ExAO. Nous avons voulu tester les capacités de l’ExAO, son utilisation en situation de classe comme : 1. Substitut d’un laboratoire traditionnel dans l’utilisation de la méthode expérimentale; 2. Outil d’investigation scientifique; 3. Outil d’intégration des sciences expérimentales et des mathématiques; 4. Outil d’intégration des sciences expérimentales, des mathématiques et de la technologie dans un apprentissage technoscientifique; Pour ce faire, nous avons mobilisé 13 groupe-classes de niveaux complémentaire et secondaire, provenant de 10 écoles libanaises. Nous avons désigné leurs enseignants pour expérimenter eux-mêmes avec leurs étudiants afin d’évaluer, de manière plus réaliste les avantages d’implanter ce micro laboratoire informatisé à l’école. Les différentes mise à l’essai, évaluées à l’aide des résultats des activités d’apprentissage réalisées par les étudiants, de leurs réponses à un questionnaire et des commentaires des enseignants, nous montrent que : 1. La substitution d’un laboratoire traditionnel par un µlaboratoire ExAO ne semble pas poser de problème; dix minutes ont suffi aux étudiants pour se familiariser avec cet environnement, mentionnant que la rapidité avec laquelle les données étaient représentées sous forme graphique était plus productive. 2. Pour l’investigation d’un phénomène physique, la convivialité du didacticiel associée à la capacité d’amplifier le phénomène avant de le représenter graphiquement a permis aux étudiants de concevoir et de mettre en œuvre rapidement et de manière autonome, une expérimentation permettant de vérifier leur prédiction. 3. L’intégration des mathématiques dans une démarche expérimentale permet d’appréhender plus rapidement le phénomène. De plus, elle donne un sens aux représentations graphiques et algébriques, à l’avis des enseignants, permettant d’utiliser celle-ci comme outil cognitif pour interpréter le phénomène. 4. La démarche réalisée par les étudiants pour concevoir et construire un objet technologique, nous a montré que cette activité a été réalisée facilement par l’utilisation des capteurs universels et des amplificateurs à décalage de l’outil de modélisation graphique ainsi que la capacité du didacticiel à transformer toute variable mesurée par une autre variable (par exemple la variation de résistance en variation de température, …). Cette activité didactique nous montre que les étudiants n’ont eu aucune difficulté à intégrer dans une même activité d’apprentissage les mathématiques, les sciences expérimentales et la technologie, afin de concevoir et réaliser un objet technologique fonctionnel. µlaboratoire ExAO, en offrant de nouvelles possibilités didactiques, comme la capacité de concevoir, réaliser et valider un objet technologique, de disposer pour ce faire, des capacités nouvelles pour amplifier les mesures, modéliser les phénomènes physiques, créer de nouveaux capteurs, est un ajout important aux expériences actuellement réalisées en ExAO. / Through this research we will fully assess the benefits brought by the ExAO (Computer Assisted Experimentation) in school laboratories of science and technology in Lebanon. We would also like to mention its contribution in a tangible way in laboratory research of Pedagogic Robotic from Montreal University, particularly in the development of ExAO µlaboratory. We wanted to test the capabilities of the ExAO, its use in the classroom such as: 1. A replacement of a traditional laboratory in the use of the experimental method. 2. A scientific investigation tool. 3. An integration tool of experimental sciences and mathematics. 4. An integration tool of experimental sciences, mathematics and technology in the technoscientific learning. To do so, we have mobilized 13 group classes, designated teachers to experiment themselves along with their students in order to assess, in a more realistic way, the benefits of implementing this micro computer laboratory at school. Different testing, evaluated using the results of learning activities undertaken by students, their responses to a questionnaire and feedback from teachers, show that: 1. The replacement of a traditional laboratory with an ExAO µlaboratory does not seem to pose problem, expected that students have adapted to it in only ten minutes, indicating that the speed with which data were graphed was more productive. 2. In order to investigate a physical phenomenon, the usability of the tutorial associated with the ability to amplify the phenomenon before its graph representation, has allowed students to design and implement quickly and independently an experiment to verify their prediction. 3. The integration of mathematics into an experimental approach can quickly grasp the phenomenon. In addition, it gives more autonomy and a meaning to the graphs and algebraic representations allowing to use them as a cognitive tool to interpret this phenomenon. 4. The approach made by the students to design and construct a technological object, showed that this activity was easily carried out by the use of universal sensors, amplifiers to offset the graphical modeling tool, and the tutorial ability to transform any measured variable by another variable (for instance, the resistance variation in temperature change, …). This educational activity shows that students had no difficulty integrating in a single learning activity the mathematics, experimental sciences and technology, in order to design and implement a functional piece of technology. The ExAO µlaboratory, by offering new educational opportunities, such as the ability to design, produce and validate a technological object, in order to do so, new capacities to boost measures, modeling physical phenomena, developing new sensors, is an important addition to the experiments being conducted in ExAO.

This thesis examines the Lebanese-Syrian Orthodox community of Montreal between 1905-1950 primarily through information found in the marriage registers of the two Orthodox churches. The first purpose of this study is to evaluate the importance of the three pillars of this ethno-religious group's culture--religion, family and hometown. The second purpose is to draw a composite of this immigrant community based on the information provided in the valuable source of an immigrant church's records. This study serves as a beginning for further studies of the Lebanese-Syrian Orthodox community in Montreal, this ethno-religious group's largest and founding community in Canada.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001. / "A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Bibliography : leaves 224-240.

Thesis (M.A. in Latin American Studies)--Vanderbilt University, Aug. 2006. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Marouane EL KHADIR (marouane.el-khadir@hec.edu) on 2016-11-23T12:00:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Marouane_El_Khadir_finalv.pdf: 2045081 bytes, checksum: 8e837263c2c3c5ce44b922c99844f995 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br) on 2016-11-23T12:47:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Marouane_El_Khadir_finalv.pdf: 2045081 bytes, checksum: 8e837263c2c3c5ce44b922c99844f995 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-23T13:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis_Marouane_El_Khadir_finalv.pdf: 2045081 bytes, checksum: 8e837263c2c3c5ce44b922c99844f995 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-28 / Brazilians of Lebanese descent occupy high positions in economic, political and cultural fields. This community is widely associated with the image of success in the country’s collective psyche. Historically, most of the first Lebanese immigrants have started their journey in Brazil as entrepreneurs, concentrating on trade and moving later to industry. This focus on entrepreneurial activities still holds true today. Their early success in business then led to the emergence of a powerful elite whose influence goes beyond the economic sphere. This study deals with this case of ethnic entrepreneurship and aims at presenting and explaining why and how this phenomenon took place. It also shows that entrepreneurship can not only be an economic activity but also lay the foundation of a community and structure its identity. This work thus brings a contribution to the study of ethnic entrepreneurship which can be important in order to understand the economic and social rise of certain minorities or immigrant groups and draw up possible inspirational models. This dissertation also outlines several factors that participate to the success of entrepreneurs. / Os brasileiros de origem libanesa ocupam posições bem elevadas em áreas econômicas, políticas e culturais. Esta comunidade é amplamente associada com a imagem de sucesso na psique coletiva do país. Historicamente, a maioria dos primeiros imigrantes libaneses começaram como empresários, com foco no comércio e, em seguida, movendo-se para a indústria. Este foco em atividades empresariais ainda é verdade hoje. Seu sucesso inicial no negócios levou depois ao surgimento de uma poderosa elite cuja influência vai além da esfera econômica. Este estudo aborda esse caso de empreendedorismo étnico. Ele tem por objetivo apresentar e explicar por que e como esse fenômeno ocorreu. Ele também mostra como o empreendedorismo não pode ser apenas uma atividade econômica mas também lançar as bases de uma comunidade e estruturar a sua identidade. Portanto, este trabalaho traz uma contribuação para o estudo do empreendedorismo étnico que pode ser importante para compreender o crescimento económico e social de algumas minorias e grupos de imigrantes e elaborar modelos possíveis de inspiração. Esta dissertação também descreve vários fatores que participam para o sucesso dos empreendedores.