Orientador: Antonio Carlos Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T08:29:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_GesiamyFranciscode_M.pdf: 3124310 bytes, checksum: 5c5dbf3b2afe24ac2b0e81015c40ecee (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Resumo: A Literatura odontológica tem investigado há décadas o fenômeno histomorfológico das linhas incrementárias e sua relação com os fenômenos biológicos do esmalte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo histomorfológico das linhas incrementarias do " esmalte no que" se refere ao seu aspecto pericial principalmente à identificação. Foram empregados 160 dentes, sendo: 90 dentes permanentes e 70 dentes deciduos de ambos os sexos. A técnica de preparação histológica por desgaste foi a escolhida para estudo. O preparo das lâminas foi dividido em quatro etapas: corte, desgasta, polimento e montagem. A análise da estrutura dental foi, feita em microscópio óptico'com aumento de 40 e 100 vezes. Foram obtidos fotomicrografias para registro e interpretação. Os resultados comprovam que as linhas neonatais constituem um fenômeno biológico permanente que pode ser usado para determinar a qualidade do esmalte e da dentina, sendo que estas podem ser observadas em dentes decíduos e permanentes. A configuração de "escada" é a sua principal característica quando analisadas microscopicamente. Cada grupo de dente, possue a sua respectiva localização quanto a linha neonatat Foram verificadas afterações histológicas e morfológicas das linhas incrementais que ocorrem devido ao tamanho do dente e variações individuais (nitidez, uniformidade e continuidade). Conctui-se que este trabalho pode contribuir para as investigações periciais, pois as nnhas incrementais podem facilitar a identifICação pelo odontolegista, melhorando a qualidade dos dados interpretados, bem como, nas perícias de fragmentos dentais / Abstract: Several works were accomplished in the sense of investigating the existence or not of the incrementallines of the enamel in human teeth. The objetive of this work was to accompash a histomorphologic study .of the incremental tines of the enamel in deciduous and permanent human teeth refering to pericial (aspect, mainly the identification . 160 teeth were used: 90 permanent teeth and 70 deciduous teeth, belong both sexes. The technique of histologic preparation for wastes went. to have chosen for this study. The prepare of the laminas was divide in stages: cut, wastes, polish'. and assembly. The analysis of the dentaf structure was made in optical microscope with increase of 40 and 100 times. Photomicrographs were obtained for registration and interpretation. The results verified that the neonatat tines constitute a permanent biological phenomenon that can be used to determine the quaHty of the enamel and of the dentine while these can be observed in every deciduous and permanent teeth. The configuration in "stairway" is the main characteristic when analyzed by microscopic. Each tooth group have a respective location in relation to neonatalline. Histologic and morphologic alterations were verified in that lines due to individual variations (clearness, uniformity and continuity) and size of the tooth. It is conckJded that this research can contribute for the pericial investigations because the incremental lines can facilitate the ondontolegist in the identification, improving the quality about data interpretation anct pericias using dental aragments / Mestrado / Odontologia Legal e Deontologia / Mestre em Ciências

A central debate in jurisprudence concerns the nature of the judicial obligation in 'hard' cases ones that turn on con- tested points of law. The legal positivists hold that judges have to exercise a discretionary power, not ultimately constrained by law, to decide such cases. Ronald Dworkin has argued that the decision of such cases is determined by law: judges must apply a 'soundest theory' which explains and morally justifies the existing law. Positivists respond that 'wicked' legal systems ones which are the instrument of a repugnant moral ideology are a counterexample to Dworkin. I set out this debate and then evaluate these rival positions in a case study of judicial interpretation in the South African legal system, which is the standard example of a wicked one. I argue that, in the historical and political context of a the South African legal system (Ch.2), the first part of the study (Chs.3,4,5) shows that positivist ideas not only fail to assist judges in a wicked legal system, but make things worse. I argue that the rest of the study (Chs.6,7,) shows how judges do better who adopt the advice that Dworkin gives. I also suggest that their approach can only be stop- ped at the cost of great damage to a legal system and that this should lead us to take seriously ideas put forward by Lon Fuller.

This research aims to study the effects of legal liability rules on auditing quality in order to devise and implement a guideline for the optimal liability rules that can be applied to the auditing profession within society, and thus encourage investment. In an emerging market like Kuwait state, there is a weakness in the legal system, which may cause users to place less reliance on financial reports and auditing services. This environment does not encourage investment. The position in Kuwait state will be studied as an example of how emerging economies can add to the understanding of the role of the auditor, for the purposes of improving audit quality and encouraging a greater amount of investment. Where this position can be understood, this study gives a strong impression of how the legal liability of external auditors can impact on the auditing quality and, importantly, the chances of obtaining investment. For this reason the study is applied in Kuwait state. This research differs from the other literature in several important ways. First, the study has been performed in an environment of weak governance. Second, it studies the effects of the civil legal liability system from two views at the same time, so the research is carried out in relation to two different sides: first, the demand side of the auditing services represented by the users of financial information; and second, the supply side of the auditing services represented by the auditors. This has been done through two questionnaires, one distributed for each side. The results of users' questionnaire revealed that the existence of civil legal liability will increase the demand for auditing service. Also, consideration is directed towards the main determinant of auditing quality, which is the legal liability system, more so than other factors. As well as, through increasing auditor liability, trust in financial information will be enhanced, subsequently prompting investment within society. Moreover, the users, besides their needs for auditing services, require auditors to provide collateral for their investment process in order to increase their investment level. On other side, the results of auditors' questionnaire detected that the auditors hold the view that the demand for auditing services by companies will not be affected by the existence or non-existence of the liability rules. However, auditors believe that the existence of legal liability rules will make financial statement users more trustful in financial information, thereby increasing the number of users of audited financial reports. Also, the auditors do not agree that their liability should be increased since this will make auditing services more costly through the need to collect more evidence, increase the time of auditing, increase the sample size, etc. The increase in liability will also limit their acceptance of risky clients, make them increase their efforts, and due care. Furthermore, the introduction of legal liability may cause them to reduce their supply of audit services. Finally, a statistical test is carried out to compare the answers of the two groups. It is found that there are differences in views concerning the effects of the existence of legal liability on the demand for auditing. As well as, there are differences regarding their preferences about the alternative civil legal rules. The results of this study will help legislators by comparing the effects of available legal rules on audit quality and investment level. Accordingly, legislators can select the appropriate legal structure for auditors’ liability that achieves benefits to the business environment.

Joining in the search for a post-apartheid South African jurisprudence, this dissertation departs from transformative constitutionalism, as formulated by Karl Klare. Transformative constitutionalism is a long-term project of bringing about social change through the interpretation and enactment of the constitution. Because the project envisions transformation not as single occurrence but as a continuous process, it requires a legal culture that is conducive to this change. Legal culture pertains to the way in which law and legal concepts are approached. The suggestion is that there is a continuation of a formalistic legal culture in South Africa, and this continuation of formalism stifles the transformation envisioned by the South African Constitution and the project of transformative constitutionalism. The idea of continuation emphasises the momentum of legal culture and is related to institutional inertia. This dissertation links conservatism, positivism, formalism and other related concepts with the notion of spectacle as outlined in the work of Njabulo Ndebele and proposes that South African legal culture is a continuation of spectacle by looking at approaches to history, constitutionalism, democracy and rights. The spectacle, like formalism, prefers the determinate, values display and emphasises the external - it is an overt and celebratory mode devoid of thought. Because the spectacle and the continuation of a legal culture of spectacle stifles transformative constitutionalism, the submission is that there should be a refusal of spectacle in South African legal culture and a return to the ordinary. The notion of refusal comes from an article by Karin Van Marle, and links with a critical and slower approach. Ndebele introduces rediscovery of the ordinary, which is related to the concept of the everyday. Opposed to the spectacle, refusal and the ordinary favours contemplation and commemoration. This leads to a view on approaching history, constitutionalism, democracy and rights as refusal of spectacle and rediscovery of the ordinary. It is an attempt to rethink South Africa’s legal culture in order to move closer to the aims of transformative constitutionalism. Following the aesthetic turn in South African jurisprudence, this dissertation makes use of literary examples to illustrate the arguments. Ndebele’s The Cry of Winnie Mandela and Eben Venter’s Horrelpoot introduce the themes of storytelling, travelling and post-colonialism and aptly expands on the call for a refusal of spectacle. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Jurisprudence / LLM / Unrestricted

This thesis aims to chart and explain the evolution of credit practices and the law’s reaction to them vis-à-vis the protection of borrowers between 1700 and 1974. The cat-and-mouse game played out between the credit industry and the legislature, and the longstanding tension between the credit needs of the commercial community and those of the small private borrower are of central importance. This thesis is primarily historical rather than theoretical; it seeks to describe and explain legal developments over time. But, in order to illuminate this development, the law will be viewed through the lens of a simple analytical framework based on the dichotomy between public law regulation, on the one hand, and the private law of contract, on the other. Viewed through this lens, it should be possible to position the law at any given stage of its development at a particular point on a scale of ‘regulatoriness’. The framework within which these rules were originally developed was, of course, neither intentionally nor self-consciously theoretical, but that is not to say that a theoretical framework lacks utility in legal historical inquiry.

Strong private property rights to land are recognised as fundamental to the economic growth of a country's legal system. Legal reform of inadequate and inefficient property rights laws is therefore essential. My thesis aims to address the lack of legal reform of the laws governing property rights to land in Nigeria. It does this by critically examining the Land Use Act set up as the primary body of legislation governing property rights in Nigeria.The thesis seeks to offer meaningful insights by proposing an institutional analysis of the limitations to reform of existing laws governing property rights to land in Nigeria. Several approaches of new institutionalism are explored in analysing identified constraints which exist within formal and informal institutions. Explanations of the absence of legal reform are addressed through themes examining formal and informal institutional structures which limit reform. Analyses of institutional structures highlight the significant role played by institutions in the etablishment and development of property right laws in Nigeria. An in-depth look at Nigerian private property laws and legally recognised interests on land exposes fundamental limitations to private property rights protection of individuals within the Nigerian state. The thesis provides valuable insights and addresses institutional limitations through consideration of strategies which would enable and assist legal reform of Nigeria's property rights laws. The study concludes by exploring three aspects. First, it offers reform proposals and analyses the functionality of the proposed reform suggestions. Second, it highlights principles of policy-making redesign within formal institutions. Finally, it offers strategies to assist reform within informal instituional structures.In short, the thesis focuses on enabling legal reform of Nigerian property rights laws to ensure the amendment, modification or excision of bad, inefficient laws in order to offer better protection of individuals' property rights to land.

This report examines the effect that the legal and financial corporate location choices made by corporations have on company performance. These corporate location choices are investigated for stand-alone companies, and for companies that form part of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). A further distinction is drawn between companies that hail from developed and developing markets. The study examines data from the perspective of the company, and uses 4,308 listed companies found in the following sectors on Bloomberg, namely: Mining, General Retailers, Telecommunications, and Pharmaceuticals, and finds evidence that both the legal and financial home chosen by a company has a significant impact on company performance, and that distributing legal and financial homes opportunistically amongst developed and developing markets lead to markedly improved company performance. The research finds that generally MNEs outperform national companies; companies with a corporate function located in a developed market outperform companies with corporate functions located in developing markets, and lastly that increased corporate function dispersion is associated with increased performance, with the bulk of the benefit delivered by opportunistically location the legal home in a developed market. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Orientador: Maria Helena Robert / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LeandroSommada_M.pdf: 792981 bytes, checksum: c76e99672b951993a0bac6dc214a94ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Este trabalho propõe o estudo do modelo de gestão por competências como forma de melhorar o desempenho individual das pessoas e traçar planos de crescimento dentro de uma empresa de Call Center. Foi inicialmente feita a verificação do modelo de avaliação de supervisores empregado pela empresa, seguido do levantamento das competências requeridas para o desempenho da função. Com base nos resultados de avaliação recentemente obtidos pela sistemática adotada, pode-se perceber que, apesar do modelo contribuir para o desenvolvimento das lideranças, sua aplicação ainda não incorpora a plena utilização de seus resultados para os principais processos organizacionais existentes na empresa. Baseado neste contexto foi sugerido a incorporação e utilização de um banco de dados ao modelo vigente, como ferramenta gerencial capaz de fornecer informações importantes para o processo de avaliação, culminando em melhorias para o desempenho dos supervisores de atendimento / Abstract: This works propose the study of the competence management model as the way to improve the individual performance of people and plan the internal growth of a Call Center enterprise. First, it was made the checking of the supervising avaliation model used by the enterprise, followed by the research of required competences to the function performance. Based in spite of the contribution of the model to the leadership development, its aplication don't incorporate yet the full use of its results in the main organizational process of the enterprise. Based on this context it was suggested the incorporation and use of a data base to the present model, as the management tool able to provide important informations to the evaluation process, leading to attending supervisors performance improvement / Mestrado / Gestão da Qualidade Total / Mestre Profissional em Engenharia Mecanica

Orientadores : Arnaldo Siqueira, Jose Lopes de Faria / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T22:50:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Palhares_FortunatoAntonioBadan_D.pdf: 5574433 bytes, checksum: 7f7fdfd98475bb02ca63a54505cd9727 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1985 / Resumo: O presente trabalho analisa as várias formas de ação e os vários tipos de Bombas de Gás Lacrimogenio (B.G.L) utilizadas no Brasil, em relação ao ser humano...Observação: O resumo, na integra, podera ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Not informed / Doutorado / Doutor em Anatomia Patologica

Orientador : Nelson Massini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T16:34:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chen_YaTen_M.pdf: 10059776 bytes, checksum: f0b8ec71901a3a8187e9fd0e4285d3cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: A est.imativa da idade humana constitue um dos problemas de grande importância nas perícias civis e criminais. Di versos fatores biológicos foram usados como parâmetros nestes estudos, tendo-se em vista, a variabilidade que estes elementos apresentam na avaliação da idade. Em nosso trabalho, procuramos est.mar a idade, pelo desenvolvimento e mineralização de oito ossos do metacarpo, em 200 brasileiros, leucodermas, de ambos os sexos, nas faixas etárias de '13 a 22 anos, através de radiografias padronizadas. Os resultados têm demonstrado que dos oito ossos estudados, no sexo masculino, o trapézio e o trapezóide foram os que apresentaram com um aumento de área mais uniforme, no período de 13 a 22 anos. Por outro lado, no sexo feminino, os resultados demonstraram não haver diferenças significativas entre a idade e as dimensões das áreas dos ossos. Concluimos que, os ossos metacarpianos no sexo feminino, apresentam um grau mais acelerado que no sexo masculino. Embora a análise de variância demonstrou haver diferença significante, entre as dimensões dos ossos no sexo masculino, pela análise de regressão linear , foi possivel idealizar uma fórmula para a estimativa da idade, com relativa segurança, apenas pela área do osso trapezóide, isto é, com 80,78% de certeza / Abstract: The estimate of human age constitute one of the major problems in civil and criminal investigation. Several biological factors were used as parameters in these studies, taking into account, the variability that these elements: present in the calculation of age. ln our work, we employed standard radiographies: to estimate the age by the development- and mineralization of eight bones: of the metacarpal, in 200 leucoderm Brazilians, of both sexes, aging between 13 and 22 years. The results showed that. in male from the eight bones studied, the trapezium and the trapezoid, were the ones that. presented a more uniform enlargement of area, in the period of 13 to 22 years of age. On the other hand, in female, the results showed no significative differences between age and dimensions of bone areas. We concluded that the metacarpal bones in female present a more accelerate grade of development and mineralization than in male. Although, the anal ysis of variance, showed significant difference among the bone dimensions in male, by linear regression analysis. it was possible to make a formula to estimate age, with a relati ve security, just by trapezoid bone area, with 80,78% of certainty / Mestrado / Odontologia Legal e Deontologia / Mestre em Ciências