Chinese international students are the largest group among international students in Canada. They play an important role in Canadian universities as well as in leisure research. The current study aims to reveal Chinese international students’ leisure experience, and to explore their leisure constraints and negotiation strategies in their everyday lives. The framework of leisure constraints negotiation (Jackson, 1993) was employed. Eight interviews with Chinese international students from the University of Manitoba were conducted to hear the stories about their leisure experiences. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. Chinese international students were found to be constrained intrapersonally, interpersonally, structurally, and culturally in their leisure. However, they were trying to be active by applying some negotiation strategies. The results of this study can not only benefit this group but also other international student groups by identifying their leisure preferences and constraints, and help leisure service providers to facilitate leisure activities on campus.

Chinese international students are the largest group among international students in Canada. They play an important role in Canadian universities as well as in leisure research. The current study aims to reveal Chinese international students’ leisure experience, and to explore their leisure constraints and negotiation strategies in their everyday lives. The framework of leisure constraints negotiation (Jackson, 1993) was employed. Eight interviews with Chinese international students from the University of Manitoba were conducted to hear the stories about their leisure experiences. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. Chinese international students were found to be constrained intrapersonally, interpersonally, structurally, and culturally in their leisure. However, they were trying to be active by applying some negotiation strategies. The results of this study can not only benefit this group but also other international student groups by identifying their leisure preferences and constraints, and help leisure service providers to facilitate leisure activities on campus.

The problem of this study was to better understand spouse caregivers' leisure involvement, experience, and barriers and their relationships with perceived burden. Thirty-six wife and 19 husband caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders volunteered to participate in this study, either by mailed questionnaire or interview. Respondents were primarily female, white, with an average age of 72 years. The conclusions of the study were: (a) caregivers significantly reduce both their leisure involvement; (b) self-reported health, perceived social supports, income level, use of paid help, and leisure activity patterns are major factors associated with caregivers' leisure; and (c) leisure barriers are a significant contributor to caregivers' perceived burden. Recommendations were presented for caregivers, practitioners, and future study.

幸福、快樂的人生，自古以來是人類所努力追求的目標，心流經驗(flow experience)以內在動機為基礎，闡述了透過心流經驗的正向感受，提升個體自我成長與生活品質的途徑。本研究主要目的以心流理論為架構，來探討休閒中之心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康間的關係，並進一步瞭解不同休閒活動種類間的差異。 本研究整理國內外有關心流經驗的文獻，編製「休閒心流經驗量表」與「休閒體驗問卷」，並藉由「身心健康量表」以瞭解互相間之關係，採便利取樣方式，對不同產業之541位上班族群進行問卷調查。研究結果發現，休閒心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康之間，互相存在顯著正相關。而「一致好」休閒心流經驗組型在休閒體驗的表現上，均顯著高於「高估」與「一致差」組型，且在身心健康上亦顯著高於「一致差」組型；然「一致好」組型在身心健康之「不利健康之因應行為」表現上，卻顯著較「高估」與「一致差」組型差。 此外，研究亦顯示「一致好」休閒心流經驗組型所從事的休閒活動，均屬戶外活動、運動、藝文嗜好與益智類主動式休閒，「一致差」組型則較屬視聽與休憩社交類被動式休閒；而從事戶外活動、運動、藝文嗜好與益智類主動式休閒，在休閒心流經驗與休閒體驗上的表現，較從事視聽與休憩社交類被動式休閒來得好。 最後根據研究分析所得結果，本研究討論其意義，並對後續研究、上班族群與相關實務工作者，提出研究方向及建議。 / This study revised the flow state scale(Jackson & Marsh, 1996) and the description of the quality of experience(Csikszentmihalyi & LeFevre, 1989) as the scale of flow experience in leisure and leisure experience questionnaire, respectively, to understand the relationship of flow experience, leisure experience and mental-physical health in 541 adult workers from different organizations in Taiwan. Results showed that significant positive associations between flow experience and leisure experience, flow experience and mental-physical health, also, leisure experience and mental-physical health. The patterns of flow experience in leisure are found something different on leisure experience and mental- physical health. The congruence/good pattern is significantly better than congruence/poor pattern on leisure experience and mental-physical health; and the congruence/good pattern is also significantly better than over- estimate pattern on leisure experience. Nevertheless, the congruence/good pattern is significantly worse than over-estimate and congruence/poor patterns on harmful coping behaviors subscale. In addition, results also presented that those who are categorized into the congruence/good flow pattern tend to choose active leisure(eg., outdoor activities, physical activities, hobbies, and mental activities); reversely, those who are categorized into the congruence/poor pattern tend to choose passive leisure(eg., television-viewing and shopping). Moreover, those choosing active leisure are better than those choosing passive leisure on flow experience and leisure experience.